Differentiating Bipolar Disorder–Not Otherwise Specified and Severe Mood Dysregulation
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryPublished 4 April 2013Open access
Kenneth E. Towbin, David Axelson, Ellen Leibenluft, Boris Birmaher
Citations65
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Pressing research needs include identifying effective treatments for these phenotypes, ascertaining biomarkers that predict conversion from BP-NOS to BD, elucidating associations between SMD and other disorders, and defining the neural circuitry mediating each condition.
Abstract
Pressing research needs include identifying effective treatments for these phenotypes, ascertaining biomarkers that predict conversion from BP-NOS to BD, elucidating associations between SMD and other disorders, and defining the neural circuitry mediating each condition.
Keywords
MedicineHealth ProfessionsBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Encyclopedia of Social WorkDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
109,983 Citations2013Janet B. W. Williams, Michael B. First
American Journal of PsychiatryResearch Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders
7,056 Citations2010Thomas R. Insel, Bruce N. Cuthbert +6 more
Archives of General PsychiatryA Diagnostic Interview
5,709 Citations1978Jean Endicott
Initial scale development and reliability studies of the items and the scale scores are reported on.
Archives of General PsychiatryPrevalence and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative
2,624 Citations2011Kathleen R. Merikangas, Robert Jin +15 more
The uniform increases in clinical correlates, suicidal behavior, and comorbidity across each diagnostic category provide evidence for the validity of the concept of BPS.
Archives of General PsychiatryPrior Juvenile Diagnoses in Adults With Mental Disorder
2,010 Citations2003Julia Kim‐Cohen, Avshalom Caspi +4 more
Most adult disorders should be reframed as extensions of juvenile disorders, in particular, juvenile conduct disorder is a priority prevention target for reducing psychiatric disorder in the adult population.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth
1,083 Citations1996E. Jane Costello
Poverty was the strongest demographic correlate of diagnosis, in both urban and rural children, in this rural sample of children.
Journal of Affective DisordersToward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania
884 Citations2002Jules Angst, Alex Gamma +4 more
The diagnostic criteria of hypomania need revision and a broader concept of soft bipolarity is proposed, of which nearly 11% constitutes the spectrum of bipolar disorders proper, and another 13% probably represent the softest expression of bipolarity intermediate between bipolar disorder and normality.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryPractice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
834 Citations2014Fred R. Volkmar, Matthew Siegel +4 more
Early, sustained intervention and the use of multiple treatment modalities are indicated in patients with an autism spectrum disorder.
Archives of General PsychiatryChildhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders as Predictors of Young Adult Disorders
823 Citations2009William Copeland, Lilly Shanahan +2 more
Stringent tests of homotypic and heterotypic prediction patterns suggest a more developmentally and diagnostically nuanced picture in comparison with the previous literature.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryBipolar Disorders in a Community Sample of Older Adolescents: Prevalence, Phenomenology, Comorbidity, and Course
772 Citations1995Peter M. Lewinsohn, Daniel N. Klein +1 more
Data highlight the clinical and public health significance of even the milder and subthreshold cases of bipolar disorder in adolescence, and the bipolar and core positive subjects both exhibited significant functional impairment and high rates of comorbidity.
Journal of Affective DisordersThe emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder
755 Citations1998Jules Angst
The study suggests that recurrent brief hypomania belongs to the bipolar spectrum and should be verified on larger national cohorts in other epidemiological and clinical studies.
American Journal of PsychiatryDefining Clinical Phenotypes of Juvenile Mania
692 Citations2003Ellen Leibenluft, Dennis S. Charney +3 more
The presence of distinct episodes and hallmark symptoms can be used to differentiate clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania and the utility and validity of this system can be tested in subsequent research.
Archives of General PsychiatryClinical Course of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
645 Citations2006Boris Birmaher, David Axelson +9 more
Youths with BP spectrum disorders showed a continuum of BP symptom severity from subsyndromal to full syndromal with frequent mood fluctuations, and preliminary validation for BP-NOS is provided.
PEDIATRICSAripiprazole in the Treatment of Irritability in Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
609 Citations2009Randall Owen, Linmarie Sikich +6 more
Aripiprazole demonstrated significantly greater global improvements than placebo, as assessed by the mean CGI-I score from week 1 through week 8; however, clinically significant residual symptoms may still persist for some patients.
American Journal of PsychiatryCyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group
588 Citations1977Hagop S. Akiskal, Armen Djenderedjian +2 more
The authors conclude that these findings provide evidence for a cyclothymic-bipolar spectrum.
Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryLifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
562 Citations2007Matthew K. Nock, Alan E. Kazdin +2 more
ODD is a common child- and adolescent-onset disorder associated with substantial risk of secondary mood, anxiety, impulse-control, and substance use disorders and the study of ODD as a distinct disorder is supported.
American Journal of PsychiatrySevere Mood Dysregulation, Irritability, and the Diagnostic Boundaries of Bipolar Disorder in Youths
554 Citations2010Ellen Leibenluft
Longitudinal data indicate that nonepisodic irritability in youths is common and is associated with an elevated risk for anxiety and unipolar depressive disorders, but not bipolar disorder, in adulthood, and data suggest that youths with severe mood dysregulation have lower familial rates of bipolar disorder than do those with bipolar disorder.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryA Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Study of Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents With Irritability Associated With Autistic Disorder
538 Citations2009Ronald N. Marcus, Randall Owen +5 more
Aripiprazole was efficacious and generally safe and well tolerated in the treatment of children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder.
Archives of General PsychiatryPhenomenology of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
521 Citations2006David Axelson, Boris Birmaher +10 more
Children and adolescents with BP-II and BP-NOS have a phenotype that is on a continuum with that of youth withBP-I, and Elevated mood is a common feature of youthwith BP-spectrum illness.
American Journal of PsychiatryFour-Year Longitudinal Course of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) Study
517 Citations2009Boris Birmaher, David Axelson +14 more
Bipolar spectrum disorders in youths are characterized by episodic illness with subsyndromal and, less frequently, syndromal episodes with mainly depressive and mixed symptoms and rapid mood changes.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryPractice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
514 Citations2006Jon McClellan, Robert A. Kowatch +1 more
It is not clear whether the atypical forms of juvenile mania and the classic adult form of the disorder represent the same illness, and the question of diagnostic continuity has important treatment and prognostic implications.
Biological PsychiatryPrevalence, Clinical Correlates, and Longitudinal Course of Severe Mood Dysregulation in Children
480 Citations2006Melissa A. Brotman, Mariana Schmajuk +8 more
Severe mood dysregulation is relatively common in childhood and predicts risk for early adulthood depressive disorders and research should continue to explore the course of illness in children with SMD.
Annual Review of Clinical PsychologyPrevalence, Comorbidity, and Service Utilization for Mood Disorders in the United States at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
472 Citations2006Ronald C. Kessler, Kathleen R. Merikangas +1 more
The results of recent community epidemiological research are reviewed, documenting that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, persistent, and often seriously impairing disorder, and that bipolar disorder (BPD) is less prevalent but more persistent and more impairing than MDD.
Archives of General PsychiatryPrevalence and Characteristics of Undiagnosed Bipolar Disorders in Patients With a Major Depressive Episode
409 Citations2011Jules Angst
Family history, illness course, and clinical status, in addition to DSM-IV-TR criteria, may provide useful information for physicians when assessing evidence of bipolarity in patients with major depressive episodes, and is recommended before deciding on treatment.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryLongitudinal Outcome of Youth Oppositionality: Irritable, Headstrong, and Hurtful Behaviors Have Distinctive Predictions
398 Citations2009Argyris Stringaris, Robert Goodman
A developmental model of mental disorder whereby oppositionality is an interim shared manifestation of different dimensions of psychopathology with distinct outcomes is suggested.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryThe Unique Contribution of Emotional Impulsiveness to Impairment in Major Life Activities in Hyperactive Children as Adults
392 Citations2010Russell A. Barkley, Mariellen Fischer
Emotional impulsiveness (EI) is as much a component of ADHD as are its two traditional dimensions and is associated with impairments beyond those contributed by the two traditional dimension.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyDevelopmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
377 Citations2010Richard Rowe, E. Jane Costello +3 more
The results underscore the utility of retaining separate ODD and CD diagnoses in DSM-V, and identify irritable and headstrong dimensions in ODD symptoms that showed differential prediction to later behavioral and emotional disorders.
Archives of General PsychiatryLifetime Psychiatric Disorders in School-aged Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder
362 Citations2009Boris Birmaher, David Axelson +10 more
Offspring of parents with BP are at high risk for psychiatric disorders and specifically for early-onset BP spectrum disorders and indicate a need for early identification and treatment.
Archives of General PsychiatryBehavioral Efficacy of Haloperidol and Lithium Carbonate
336 Citations1984Magda Campbell
Both haloperidol and lithium carbonate were found to be significantly superior to placebo in decreasing behavioral symptoms and although both medications were clinically effective, haloperodol was associated more often with untoward effects than was lithium Carbonate.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryPsychopharmacology and Aggression. I: A Meta-Analysis of Stimulant Effects on Overt/Covert Aggression–Related Behaviors in ADHD
333 Citations2002Daniel F. Connor, Stephen J. Glatt +3 more
Stimulant effects for aggression-related behaviors in ADHD have effect sizes similar to those for the core symptoms of ADHD.
American Journal of PsychiatryAmygdala Activation During Emotion Processing of Neutral Faces in Children With Severe Mood Dysregulation Versus ADHD or Bipolar Disorder
319 Citations2009Melissa A. Brotman, Brendan A. Rich +9 more
Findings support the role of unique neural correlates in face-emotion processing among youths with bipolar disorder, ADHD, and severe mood dysregulation.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryA Double-Blind Pilot Study of Risperidone in the Treatment of Conduct Disorder
312 Citations2000Robert L. Findling, Nora McNamara +4 more
Preliminary evidence is provided that risperidone may have efficacy in the treatment of youths with conduct disorder, and this study was a 10-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 2 parallel arms.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryAdult Outcomes of Childhood Dysregulation: A 14-year Follow-up Study
299 Citations2010Robert R. Althoff, Frank C. Verhulst +3 more
A child reported to be in the CBCL-DP class is at increased risk for problems with regulating affect, behavior, and cognition in adulthood, according to a general population sample.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryResolved: Mania Is Mistaken for ADHD in Prepubertal Children
293 Citations1998J Biederman, Michael S. Jellinek
Journal of Affective DisordersPrepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity differentiate from ADHD by manic symptoms, grandiose delusions, ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling
293 Citations1998Barbara Geller, Marlene Williams +4 more
Interim baseline data are presented from the National Institute of Mental Health-funded study 'Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolarity' to provide prepubertal mania manifestations.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Lithium in Hospitalized Aggressive Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder
281 Citations2000Richard P. Malone, Mary Delaney +3 more
Lithium is a safe and effective short-term treatment for aggression in inpatients with conduct disorder, although its use is associated with adverse effects.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Randomized Controlled Trial of Risperidone, Lithium, or Divalproex Sodium for Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed Phase, in Children and Adolescents
281 Citations2012Barbara Geller
Risperidone was more efficacious than lithium or divalproex sodium for the initial treatment of childhood mania but had potentially serious metabolic effects.
Journal of Affective DisordersProposed subtypes of bipolar II and related disorders: With hypomanic episodes (or cyclothymia) and with hyperthymic temperament
274 Citations1992G.B. Cassano, Hagop S. Akiskal +3 more
Findings suggest that major depressive episodes arising from a hyperthymic temperament are 'genotypically' closer to Bipolar II defined by hypomania, and course-wise similar to other unipolars.
American Journal of PsychiatryAdolescent Irritability: Phenotypic Associations and Genetic Links With Depressed Mood
263 Citations2011Argyris Stringaris, Helena M. S. Zavos +3 more
Irritability showed a significantly stronger phenotypic relationship with depression than with delinquency, whereas headstrong/hurtful behaviors were more strongly related to delinquency than to depression.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryThe Unique Contribution of Emotional Impulsiveness to Impairment in Major Life Activities in Hyperactive Children as Adults
259 Citations2010Russell A. Barkley, Mariellen Fischer
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryLithium in Hospitalized Aggressive Children with Conduct Disorder: A Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study
259 Citations1995Magda Campbell, Phillip Adams +6 more
Lithium appears to be an effective treatment for some severely aggressive children with conduct disorder and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) appeared to be reliable, although the POMS did not detect any response to lithium.
American Journal of PsychiatryRandomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Mixed Amphetamine Salts for Symptoms of Comorbid ADHD in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder After Mood Stabilization With Divalproex Sodium
258 Citations2004Russell E. Scheffer, Robert A. Kowatch +2 more
Pediatric patients with bipolar disorder and concurrent ADHD can be safely and effectively treated with mixed amphetamine salts after their manic symptoms are stabilized with divalproex sodium.
Archives of General PsychiatryFamily-Focused Treatment for Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
257 Citations2008David J. Miklowitz, David Axelson +8 more
Family-focused therapy is effective in combination with pharmacotherapy in stabilizing bipolar depressive symptoms among adolescents and to establish full recovery, FFT-A may need to be supplemented with systematic care interventions effective for mania symptoms.
Bipolar DisordersAntipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
251 Citations2010Christoph U. Correll, Eva M. Sheridan +1 more
In treating mania, potentially greater short-term efficacy compared to placebo with SGAs versus MS needs to be balanced against increased adverse events, especially in youth.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyWeight Gain and Metabolic Risks Associated with Antipsychotic Medications in Children and Adolescents
251 Citations2011Lawrence Maayan, Christoph U. Correll
Three-month results from a large cohort study in antipsychotic-naïve youth indicated that metabolic effects differ among second-generation antipsychotics, despite significant weight gain with all studied agents, suggesting additional, weight-independent effects.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyChronic Versus Episodic Irritability in Youth: ACommunity-Based, Longitudinal Study of Clinical and Diagnostic Associations
245 Citations2006Ellen Leibenluft, Patricia Cohen +3 more
Episodic and chronic irritability in adolescents appear to be stable, distinct constructs, and further research is needed to elucidate the longitudinal associations of each with specific psychiatric diagnoses.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryCourse of Subthreshold Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Diagnostic Progression From Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
242 Citations2011David Axelson, Boris Birmaher +15 more
Children and adolescents referred with mood symptoms that meet operationalized criteria for BP-NOS, particularly those with a family history of BP, frequently progress to BP-I or BP-II, and conversion was associated with greater intensity of hypomanic symptoms and with greater exposure to specialized, intensive outpatient psychosocial treatments.
Archives of General PsychiatryImpact of Multifamily Psychoeducational Psychotherapy in Treating Children Aged 8 to 12 Years With Mood Disorders
218 Citations2009Mary A. Fristad, Joseph S. Verducci +2 more
Brief, adjunctive psychoeducational group psychotherapy is associated with improved outcome for children aged 8 to 12 years with major mood disorders.
FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in PsychiatryFour-Year Longitudinal Course of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) Study
212 Citations2012Boris Birmaher, David Axelson +14 more
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryParent-Defined Target Symptoms Respond to Risperidone in RUPP Autism Study: Customer Approach to Clinical Trials
205 Citations2003L. Eugene Arnold, Benedetto Vitiello +13 more
Risperidone was superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of most concern to parents of autistic children with irritable behavior, and individualized participant-chosen target symptoms seems a reliable, sensitive, efficient, and consumer-friendly way to assess treatment effect and might have clinical application.
Archives of General PsychiatryPredictors of Prospectively Examined Suicide Attempts Among Youth With Bipolar Disorder
187 Citations2012Tina R. Goldstein, Wonho Ha +11 more
Persistent depression, mixed presentations, and active substance use disorder signal imminent risk for suicidal behavior in this population of youth with bipolar disorder.
American Journal of PsychiatryDifferent Psychophysiological and Behavioral Responses Elicited by Frustration in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Severe Mood Dysregulation
184 Citations2007Brendan A. Rich, Mariana Schmajuk +4 more
While irritability is an important feature of severe mood dysregulation and narrow-phenotype bipolar disorder, the pathophysiology of irritability may differ among the groups and is influenced by oppositional defiant disorder severity.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryA Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluoxetine in Patients With Intermittent Explosive Disorder
169 Citations2009Emil F. Coccaro, Royce J. Lee +1 more
While fluoxetine's antiaggressive effects appear robust, they lead to full or partial remission of IED in less than 50% of subjects treated with fluoxete, and its effects on impulsive aggression were not influenced by presence of current symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Archives of General PsychiatryMania With and Without Depression in a Community Sample of US Adolescents
163 Citations2012Kathleen R. Merikangas
The clinical significance of mania plus depression as demonstrated by a 1 in 5 suicide attempt rate and nearly 2 months per year of role impairment in adolescence has important implications for early intervention.
Biological PsychiatryHeterogeneity of Irritability in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subjects With and Without Mood Disorders
161 Citations2005Eric Mick, Thomas Spencer +2 more
The results challenge the conclusion that irritability is necessarily a poor diagnostic indicator of bipolar disorder in children and show that it is a heterogeneous symptom distinguished by severity.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryPediatric Bipolar Disorder Versus Severe Mood Dysregulation: Risk for Manic Episodes on Follow-Up
160 Citations2010Argyris Stringaris, Argelinda Baroni +9 more
It is suggested that youth with severe mood dysregulation (SMD), a category created for the purpose of studying children presenting with severe nonepisodic irritability, will be significantly less likely to develop (hypo-)manic or mixed episodes over time than will youth with bipolar disorder (BD).
American Journal of PsychiatryParental Diagnoses in Youth With Narrow Phenotype Bipolar Disorder or Severe Mood Dysregulation
151 Citations2007Melissa A. Brotman, Layla Kassem +8 more
It is suggested that narrow phenotype bipolar disorder may be distinct from severe mood dysregulation in terms of familial aggregation and the familiality of narrow phenotypeipolar disorder and adult DSM-IV bipolar disorder is high.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyRandomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lithium in Youths with Severe Mood Dysregulation
147 Citations2009Daniel P. Dickstein, Kenneth E. Towbin +7 more
Although lithium may not result in significant clinical or neurometabolic alterations in SMD youths, further SMD treatment trials are warranted given its prevalence, the first randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial inSMD youth suggests.
American Journal of PsychiatryAdjunctive Divalproex Versus Placebo for Children With ADHD and Aggression Refractory to Stimulant Monotherapy
145 Citations2009Joseph C. Blader, Nina R. Schooler +3 more
Among children with ADHD whose chronic aggressive behavior is refractory to optimized stimulant treatment, the addition of divalproex increases the likelihood that aggression will remit.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceIs 4 days the minimum duration of hypomania in bipolar II disorder?
143 Citations2001Franco Benazzi
Testing if hypomania lasting 2 to 3 days could identify a group of bipolar II with typical clinical features of bipolar disorders suggests it may identify a bipolar II group having typical features ofipolar disorders.
American Journal of PsychiatryDeficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Family Risk Analysis
132 Citations2011Craig Surman, Joseph Biederman +5 more
The pattern of inheritance of ADHD with DESR preliminarily suggests that DESR may be a familial subtype of ADHD, and the data suggest thatDESR is not an expression of other axis I DSM-IV disorders or of nonfamilial environmental factors.
Journal of Affective DisordersManic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent population
131 Citations1988Gabrielle A. Carlson, Javad H. Kashani
Using a structured interview with 150 randomly selected 14-16-year-olds and their parents, 20 teenagers were found who endorsed four or more manic symptoms of at least 2 days duration, which confirmed this group as dysphoric, impulsive and emotionally labile.
PubMedPharmacotherapy of aggression in children and adolescents: efficacy and effect size.
124 Citations2006Elizabeth Pappadopulos, Sophie Woolston +4 more
A growing literature supports the use of certain medications for managing pediatric aggression and future studies should distinguish between impulsive and predatory aggression, and examine the efficacy of agents over longer treatment periods.
PubMedAnger attacks in patients with depression.
122 Citations1999M. Fava, J F Rosenbaum
The development of the concept of Anger attacks, the presence of anger attacks in depression and other psychiatric disorders, and the current treatment of Anger Attacks Questionnaire are discussed.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaAre antidepressants safe in the treatment of bipolar depression? A critical evaluation of their potential risk to induce switch into mania or cycle acceleration
120 Citations2008Rasmus Wentzer Licht, Harm J. Gijsman +2 more
To address whether switch of depression into hypomania or mania or cycle acceleration in patients with bipolar disorder is caused by antidepressants or whether this phenomenon is attributable to the natural history of bipolar disorder itself.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryDouble-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Divalproex Monotherapy in the Treatment of Symptomatic Youth at High Risk for Developing Bipolar Disorder
118 Citations2007Robert L. Findling, Thomas Frazier +7 more
The results suggest that, although well tolerated, divalproex sodium does not produce clinically meaningful improvements in the treatment of symptomatic youths suffering from either bipolar NOS or cyclothymia who are at genetic risk for developing bipolar disorder.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryCharacteristics of Children With Elevated Symptoms of Mania
115 Citations2010Robert L. Findling, Eric A. Youngstrom +15 more
Results suggest that longitudinal assessment is needed to examine which factors are associated with diagnostic evolution to BPSD in children with elevated symptoms of mania, and initial demographic information, diagnostic and symptom prevalence, and medication exposure is described.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryWhatʼs in a Disruptive Disorder? Temperamental Antecedents of Oppositional Defiant Disorder
113 Citations2010Argyris Stringaris, Barbara Maughan +1 more
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryNeural Correlates of Reversal Learning in Severe Mood Dysregulation and Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
107 Citations2011Nancy E. Adleman, Reilly Kayser +4 more
The presence of cognitive inflexibility in SMD and BD highlights the need to delineate neurophysiologic similarities and differences between the two patient groups, and diagnosis-by-accuracy interactions emerged in the caudate and IFG.
American Journal of PsychiatryLithium treatment of conduct disorders in adolescents
102 Citations1997Arthur Rifkin, B Karajgi +5 more
Lithium does not appear beneficial for treating conduct disorder in adolescents and on several measures of clinical change the groups showed no significant differences.
Bipolar DisordersDiagnostic guidelines for bipolar disorder: a summary of the<i>International Society for Bipolar Disorders</i>Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force Report
100 Citations2008S. Nassir Ghaemi, Michael Bauer +7 more
A summary of the current nosological status of bipolar illness is presented, a discussion of possible revisions to current DSM-IV and ICD-10 definitions, an examination of the relevant literature, and proposed definitions that might guide clinicians in the most valid approach to diagnosis of these conditions are presented.
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral DisordersPsychopharmacology and Aggression
99 Citations2003Daniel F. Connor, R. Thomas Boone +3 more
The results support the common clinical practice of including medications as part of a comprehensive psychoeducational treatment plan for some youth with maladaptive overt aggression within a variety of psychiatric disorders; however, not all referred youth respond to medication for overt aggression-related behavior, supporting the use of additional nonmedication interventions.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyRandomized Controlled Pilot Study of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Adolescent Conduct Disorder
84 Citations2007Daniel F. Connor, Thomas McLaughlin +1 more
This methodologically controlled pilot study provides data that quetiapine may have efficacy in the treatment of adolescents with conduct disorder and indicates that further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.
Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryYouth meeting symptom and impairment criteria for mania‐like episodes lasting less than four days: an epidemiological enquiry
82 Citations2009Argyris Stringaris, Paramala Santosh +2 more
Findings support the importance of research into these short episodes during which manic symptoms are met in youth but call into question the extent to which BP-NOS in youth is a variant of DSM-IV BP - superficially similar symptoms may not necessarily imply deeper similarities in aetiology or treatment response.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryWhat's in a Disruptive Disorder? Temperamental Antecedents of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study
80 Citations2010Argyris Stringaris, Barbara Maughan +1 more
The findings of this study suggest that early emotionality and activity differentially contribute to the phenotype of ODD in middle childhood and may determine its range of co-occurrence with other psychopathology.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyDefinitions of Rapid, Ultrarapid, and Ultradian Cycling and of Episode Duration in Pediatric and Adult Bipolar Disorders: A Proposal to Distinguish Episodes from Cycles
78 Citations2003Rebecca Tillman, Barbara Geller
Proposed definitions of rapid cycling and episodes in children and adults with bipolar disorder (BP) will be defined by mood switches occurring daily or every few days during an episode and potential differences between child and adult cycling patterns are elucidated.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryDifferential Patterns of Abnormal Activity and Connectivity in the Amygdala–Prefrontal Circuitry in Bipolar-I and Bipolar-NOS Youth
75 Citations2011Cecile D. Ladouceur, Tiffany Farchione +6 more
Findings suggest that despite similarities in symptom presentation, there are differential patterns of abnormal neural functioning in BP-NOS and BP-I relative to HC, which might reflect an "intermediate state" in the course ofBP-I illness.
PsychopharmacologySystematic review of pharmacotherapy of disruptive behavior disorders in children and adolescents
72 Citations2006Jonathan Ipser, Dan J. Stein
Whether medication is effective in treating pediatric disruptive behavior disorders and related problems of impulse control, as well as to examine differences in the treatment response and tolerability of different medication classes and agents.
Future NeurologyAntidepressant-Coincident Mania in Children and Adolescents Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
68 Citations2008Megan F. Joseph, Eric A. Youngstrom +1 more
A review of the extant literature, seven different conceptual models of how medication and mania might be related, and comment on the evidence and clinical implications of each are offered.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryChildhood-Onset Bipolar Disorder
63 Citations2007Richard Rende, Boris Birmaher +10 more
Data support a model that postulates a higher density of familial risk for a broad range of psychopathology in childhood-onset BP.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryConcerns Regarding the Inclusion of Temper Dysregulation Disorder With Dysphoria in the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, Fifth Edition
60 Citations2011David Axelson, Boris Birmaher +11 more
Concerns are outlined below, and some alternative strategies to improve diagnostic classification of chronically irritable youths for the DSM-5 Work Groups to consider are offered.
Clinical Psychology ReviewCyclothymic disorder: A critical review
57 Citations2012Anna Van Meter, Eric A. Youngstrom +1 more
Evidence indicates that cyclothymic disorder is a prevalent and highly impairing disorder on the bipolar spectrum, with the potential to make unique contributions to the understanding of the risk factors and outcomes associated with bipolar disorder.
Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryPractitioner Review: The assessment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
49 Citations2008Argelinda Baroni, Jessica R. Lunsford‐Avery +3 more
In diagnosing mania in youth, clinicians should focus on the presence of episodes that consist of a distinct change in mood accompanied by concurrent changes in cognition and behavior that are markedly increased over the youth's baseline symptoms.
Journal of Child and Adolescent PsychopharmacologyUnanswered Questions Regarding Atypical Antipsychotic Use in Aggressive Children and Adolescents
47 Citations2005Nick C. Patel, M. Lynn Crismon +2 more
The arguments for and against the use of atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with aggression are discussed, recommendations for future research are provided, and a MEDLINE search was performed to identify key literature.
Journal of Abnormal Child PsychologyDeficits in Attention to Emotional Stimuli Distinguish Youth with Severe Mood Dysregulation from Youth with Bipolar Disorder
32 Citations2010Brendan A. Rich, Melissa A. Brotman +4 more
Between-group analyses indicated that SMD subjects had significantly reduced attention interference from emotional distracters relative to BD and control subjects, indicating that attention in SMD youth was not modulated by emotional stimuli.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental HealthThe treatment of severe child aggression (TOSCA) study: Design challenges
30 Citations2011Cristan Farmer, L. Eugene Arnold +6 more
This NIMH-funded trial of polypharmacy focused attention on the added benefit of a second drug (risperidone) to the effect of the first (stimulant), selected these two drugs because their associated adverse events might neutralize each other.
Journal of Abnormal Child PsychologyExamining the Validity of Cyclothymic Disorder in a Youth Sample: Replication and Extension
21 Citations2012Anna Van Meter, Eric A. Youngstrom +2 more
Results indicate that cyclothymic disorder shares many characteristics with other bipolar subtypes, supporting its inclusion on the bipolar spectrum, and can be reliably differentiated from other disorders in young people.
JAMAThe Bipolar Child: The Definitive and Reassuring Guide to Childhood’s Most Misunderstood Disorder
15 Citations2007Kiki Chang, Deval Shah
…
