Health Benefits of Oligosaccharides
Journal of Nutraceuticals Functional & Medical FoodsPublished 30 April 1999
Joanne Slavin
Citations13
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Evidence that fructooligosaccharides enhance bifidobacteria in the gut as well as increase production of short chain fatty acids has increased interest in oligosACcharides.
Abstract
Abstract Oligosaccharides received little attention in the nutrition community until recently. Oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose were considered nuisance components in heans, onions, and garlic and many strategies devised to remove them from products because of their gasforming properties. Recent evidence that fructooligosaccharides (FOS) enhance bifidobacteria in the gut as well as increase production of short chain fatty acids has increased interest in oligosaccharides. Isolated oligosaccharides arc now available for incorporation into functional foods and have been added to medical foods and foods such as dairy products and desserts. Clinical trials are underway to document the healthpromoting properties of oligosaccharides.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineNursing
Journal of NutritionDietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
7,552 Citations1995Glenn R. Gibson, Marcel Roberfroid
By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
GastroenterologySelective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin
1,546 Citations1995Glenn R. Gibson, Emily R. Beatty +2 more
Small changes in diet can alter the balance of colonic bacteria towards a potentially healthier microflora, and a 15-g.day-1 dietary addition of oligofructose or inulin led to Bifidobacterium becoming the numerically predominant genus in feces.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and NutritionOn the presence of Inulin and Oligofructose as natural ingredients in the western diet
837 Citations1995Jan Van Loo, Paul Coussement +3 more
Methods to determine inulin and oligofructose in natural foodstuffs are optimized and used to determine the loss of inulin during storage and during preparation of the food, which allow quantification of the amount of in insulin and olig ofructose in the average daily western diet.
Journal of NutritionThe Bifidogenic Nature of Chicory Inulin and Its Hydrolysis Products
784 Citations1998Marcel Roberfroid, Jan Van Loo +1 more
In vitro fermentation of inulin revealed that molecules with a chain length (degree of polymerization or DP) > 10 are fermented on average half as quickly as molecule with a DP < 10, and all beta(2-1)fructans are bifidogenic and classified as biobiotics.
Journal of Applied BacteriologyEffects of the <i>in vitro</i> fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine
663 Citations1993X. Wang, Glenn R. Gibson
Bacterial growth data showed that oligofructose and inulin exerted a preferential stimulatory effect on numbers of the health-promoting genus Bifidobacterium, whilst maintaining populations of potential pathogens (Escherichia coli, Clostridium) at relatively low levels.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and NutritionDietary fiber, inulin, and oligofructose: A review comparing their physiological effects
638 Citations1993Marcel Roberfroid
It is concluded from this review that "nondigestible fructo-oligosaccharides," even though they are not included in the carbohydrate fraction that is quantified as dietary fiber by classic analytical methods, have most of the physiological effects of a dietary fiber.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionEffects of inulin and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons
595 Citations1997B. Kleessen, B Sykura +2 more
Inulin showed a better laxative effect than lactose and reduced functional constipation with only mild discomfort and SCFAs showed a slight trend toward higher molar ratios of acetate to butyrate in response to the intake of lactose or inulin.
Enzyme and Microbial TechnologyFructooligosaccharides—Occurrence, preparation, and application
486 Citations1996Jong Won Yun
European Journal of Clinical NutritionEffect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men
454 Citations1997Charles Coudray, Jacques Bellanger +4 more
Addition of the two experimental fibres (inulin or sugar beet fibre) to normal mixed diets can improve Ca balance without adverse effects on other mineral retention.
JAMABiotherapeutic agents. A neglected modality for the treatment and prevention of selected intestinal and vaginal infections
331 Citations1996Gary W. Elmer
There is now evidence that administration of selected microorganisms is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain intestinal and, possibly, treatment of vaginal infections.
Food / NahrungEffect of fructo‐oligosaccharides on intestinal microflora
303 Citations1987Tomotari MITSUOKA, Hidemasa Hidaka +1 more
In the experiment with 23 patients, improvement of fecal microflora was observed by oral administration of fructo-oligosaccharides 8 g per day for two weeks: the population of bifidobacteria in feces increased about 10 times compared before the administration; average pH of stool showed 0.3 lower than that before administration.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionDietary supplement of neosugar alters the fecal flora and decreases activities of some reductive enzymes in human subjects
293 Citations1996Randal K. Buddington, CH Williams +2 more
It is indicated that 4 g neosugar/d alters the fecal flora in a manner perceived as beneficial by decreasing activities of some reductive enzymes.
Nutrition ResearchEffects of fructo-oligosaccharides on blood glucose and serum lipids in diabetic subjects
272 Citations1984Kamejiro Yamashita, Koichi Kawai +1 more
The results indicate that the daily intake of fructo-oligosaccharides ameliorates the derangements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic subjects.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionDigestion, excretion, and energy value of fructooligosaccharides in healthy humans
231 Citations1996C Molis, Bernard Flourié +6 more
It is concluded that in healthy humans, FOS are only slightly digested in the small intestine and then fermented in the colon, resulting in reduced energy production.
Nutrition and CancerEffects of fructo‐oligosaccharides ingestion on fecal bifidobacteria and selected metabolic indexes of colon carcinogenesis in healthy humans
222 Citations1996Yoram Bouhnik, Bernard Flourié +6 more
It is concluded that ingestion of FOS, at a clinically tolerated dose of 12.5 g/day, led to an increase in colonic bifidobacteria and this effect was not associated in healthy humans with beneficial changes in various factors potentially involved in the pathogenesis of colonic cancer.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionChronic consumption of short-chain fructooligosaccharides by healthy subjects decreased basal hepatic glucose production but had no effect on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism
221 Citations1996Jing Luo, SW Rizkalla +8 more
It is concluded that 4 wk of 20 g FOS/d decreased basal hepatic glucose production but had no detectable effect on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in healthy subjects, and the colonic fermentation pattern of undigestible carbohydrates may be relevant to predicting their metabolic effects.
FEMS Microbiology LettersEnrichment of bifidobacteria from human gut contents by oligofructose using continuous culture
219 Citations1994Glenn R. Gibson, Xin Wang
In vitro data indicate that an increase in the concentration of fructose-based oligosaccharides in the diet may alter the balance of the gut microflora towards bifidobacteria, a purported health-promoting genus.
British Journal Of NutritionThe effect of ingestion of inulin on blood lipids and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy females
204 Citations1997Anette Tønnes Pedersen, Brittmarie Sandström +1 more
There was no indication of intestinal adaptation to this level of intake of inulin, and there was a significantly (P<0·05) higher degree of discomfort from flatulence and other gastrointestinal symptoms in the inulin period than in the control period.
Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistrySelected Fructooligosaccharide (1-Kestose, Nystose, and 1<sup>F</sup>-β-Fructofuranosylnystose) Composition of Foods and Feeds
189 Citations1997Joy Campbell, Laura Bauer +4 more
Bifidobacteria and MicrofloraEffect of Isomalto-oligosaccharides on Human Fecal Flora
161 Citations1988Takanobu Kohmoto, Fumio Fukui +4 more
After the administration of isomaltooligosaccharides to healthy adult men and senile persons, the numbers of bifidobacteria in the feces increased and the consistency of feces was improved.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionFructans of Jerusalem artichokes: intestinal transport, absorption, fermentation, and influence on blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses in healthy subjects
159 Citations1990J ri J. Rumessen, S. Bodé +2 more
Fructans are naturally occurring plant oligosaccharides with sweetening properties that isolated from Jerusalem artichokes were studied with respect to intestinal handling and influence on blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses in eight healthy subjects.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionGaseous response to ingestion of a poorly absorbed fructo-oligosaccharide sweetener
159 Citations1987T Stone-Dorshow, Michael D. Levitt
It is concluded that adaptation of colonic bacteria to carbohydrate malabsorption is variable and may depend upon quantity or nature of the carbohydrate.
Nutrition ResearchEffects of dietary inulin on serum lipids in men and women with hypercholesterolemia
135 Citations1998Michael H. Davidson, Kevin C. Maki +3 more
Differences in response between periods (inulin minus control) were statistically significant (P), and the practicality of including 18 g/day of inulin in a low-fat diet was investigated.
Journal of AOAC InternationalFructans in Foods and Food Products, Ion-Exchange Chromatographic Method: Collaborative Study
109 Citations1997Hubert Hoebregs, Collaborators: +18 more
Journal of Nutritional Science and VitaminologyEffects of Transgalactosylated Disaccharides on the Human Intestinal Microflora and Their Metabolism.
108 Citations1993Masaki Ito, Makiko Kimura +4 more
It is suggested that a part of the transgalactosylated disaccharides passes into the colon, inducing changes in the colonic microflora composition, hastening carbohydrate fermentation, and depressing amino acid fermentation in the human gut.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionFructans of chicory: intestinal transport and fermentation of different chain lengths and relation to fructose and sorbitol malabsorption
102 Citations1998Jüri Johannes Rumessen, E Gudmand-Høyer
Fructans (fructooligosaccharides and inulin) are of increasing interest to clinical nutritionists as functional food additives and may have different physiologic properties and further studies of fructans in disease states are warranted.
Microbial Ecology in Health and DiseaseInfluence of Dietary Neosugar on Selected Bacterial Groups of the Human Faecal Microbiota
102 Citations1994Carol H. Williams, Steven A. Witherly +1 more
It is demonstrated that supplementing the diet with neosugar influences the relative abundances of selected bacteria with some of the changes consistent with those considered advantageous.
Journal of Applied BacteriologyDegradation and fermentation of α‐gluco‐oligosaccharides by bacterial strains from human colon: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies in gnotobiotic rats
100 Citations1995Zakia Djouzi, C.P. Andrieux +6 more
The association of beneficial bacteria and GOS may have a potential health-promoting effect in human neonates and is confirmed in pH-regulated fermenters containing GOS as the principal carbon source.
Bifidobacteria and MicrofloraCharacterization of Growth and Inulinase Production by Bifidobacterium spp. on Fructooligosaccharides
27 Citations1993R.C. McKellar, H.W. Modler +1 more
Results suggest that animal strains of bifidobacteria may be used in conjunction with short-chain FOS as a supplement to animal feed.
Microbial Ecology in Health and DiseaseEffect of Fructooligosaccharide Containing Enteral Formulas on Subjective Tolerance Factors, Serum Chemistry Profiles, and Faecal Bifidobacteria in Healthy Adult Male Subjects
24 Citations1996Keith A. Garleb, JT Snook +3 more
Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo GakkaishiEffects of 4G-.BETA.-D-Galactosylsucrose(Lactosucrose) Intake on Intestinal Flora in Healthy Humans.
20 Citations1992Masaru Yoneyama, T. Mandai +4 more
It is confirmed that the phytochemical similarity of LS-98 and Bifidobacterium is similar to that of cadmium, but with different promoters.
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral NutritionSoy Fiber Delays Disease Onset and Prolongs Survival in Experimental Clostridium difficile Ileocecitis
19 Citations1994Wendy L. Frankel, David M. Choi +7 more
A reproducible model is developed to examine the interaction of acute C difficile-induced colitis and liquid diets, and whether the addition of soy fiber to a liquid diet improves disease, to investigate possible mechanisms of fiber-mediated disease improvement.