Narrative practices: Their role in socialization and self-construction

Abstract

The use of narrative as a socializing tool is most apparent when myths or traditional tales, embodying the collective wisdom of a people, are told in a deliberate attempt to edify or enlighten. Among the Western Apache, for example, stories about the early history of the group are directed at transgressors on the belief that they will be moved to reflect upon and correct their misconduct (Basso, 1984). In such cases narrative serves overtly as a "culture-preserving instrument" (Sapir, 1933/1949). Group stories function not only to maintain community values among their members but also to instill those values in the young (Gates, 1989). In some cultures, telling stories about the mythic origins or history of the group is even institutionalized as part of the formal preparation for adult roles and responsibilities (Herdt, 1981). Thus, the socializing power of sacred and traditional narrative is widely recognized. More than 60 years ago Malinowski (1926/1984) wrote,