Application of automated REM and slow wave sleep analysis: II. Testing the assumptions of the two-process model of sleep regulation in normal and depressed subjects

Psychiatry ResearchPublished 1 December 1984

David J. Kupfer, Richard F. Ulrich, Patricia A. Coble, David B. Jarrett, Victoria J. Grochocinski, Jack Doman

DOI10.1016/0165-1781(84)90081-7

Source URL

Citations102

SJR quartileQ1

SJR score1.61

SNIP1.29

TL;DR

The two-process model of sleep regulation as applied to depression postulates that measures of phasic REM activity are inversely related to process S, suggesting that process S can be regarded as exerting an inhibitory influence on phasIC REM activity.

Abstract

Abnormalities in a two-process model of sleep regulation (a sleep-dependent process, termed Process S, and a sleep-independent circadian process, termed Process C) have been proposed to account for sleep abnormalities in depressive states. The major tenets of the two-process model of sleep regulation as applied to depression are: the level of process S, as reflected by the electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity, corresponds to the sleep-dependent facet of sleep propensity; the pathognomonic changes of sleep in depressives are a consequence of a deficiency in the build-up of process S. The application of automated rapid eye movement (REM) and delta wave analyses in normal subjects and younger depressed patients supports the model to some extent: The time spent asleep is positively correlated with total delta waves (normals and depressives) and average delta waves (depressives); delta sleep is lower in depressives than in normals; the average delta wave count is significantly reduced in younger depressives over the total night and in non-REM period 1. The model also postulates that measures of phasic REM activity are inversely related to process S, suggesting that process S can be regarded as exerting an inhibitory influence on phasic REM activity.

Keywords

PsychologyNeuroscience

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