Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet
New England Journal of MedicinePublished 16 July 2008Open access
Iris Shai, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Yaakov Henkin, Danit R. Shahar, Shula Witkow, Ilana Greenberg
Citations2,089
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score19.08
SNIP13.47
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00160108.)
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseCompendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
8,541 Citations2000Barbara E. Ainsworth, William L. Haskell +10 more
An updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure, is provided to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA.
New England Journal of MedicineOverweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults
7,717 Citations2003Eugenia E. Calle, Carmen Rodríguez +2 more
Current patterns of overweight and obesity in the United States could account for 14 percent of all deaths from cancer in men and 20 percent of those in women, and increased body weight was associated with increased death rates for all cancers combined and for cancers at multiple specific sites.
CirculationObesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss
3,166 Citations2005Paul Poirier, Thomas D. Giles +5 more
The available evidence of the impact of obesity on CVD is reviewed with emphasis on the evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese patients and the effect of weight loss on the cardiovascular system.
JAMAIncreasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991
2,387 Citations1994Robert J. Kuczmarski
Observed trends in overweight prevalence and body mass index of the US adult population suggest that the Healthy People 2000 objective of reducing the prevalence of overweight US adults to no more than 20% may not be met by the year 2000.
JAMAEffect of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Markers of Vascular Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome
2,097 Citations2004Katherine Esposito, Raffaele Marfella +7 more
PubMedRecent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
2,090 Citations2006Jean‐Philippe Bastard, Mustapha Maachi +6 more
It can be considered that obesity corresponds to a sub-clinical inflammatory condition that promotes the production of pro-inflammatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, including leptin, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and resistin.
New England Journal of MedicineA Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity
1,779 Citations2003Gary D. Foster, Holly R. Wyatt +8 more
The low-carbohydrate diet produced a greater weight loss than did the conventional diet for the first six months, but the differences were not significant at one year and the low- carbohydrate diet was associated with a greater improvement in some risk factors for coronary heart disease.
JAMAComparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction
1,718 Citations2005Michael L. Dansinger, Joi A. Gleason +3 more
Overall dietary adherence rates were low, although increased adherence was associated with greater weight loss and cardiac risk factor reductions for each diet group, and each popular diet modestly reduced body weight and several cardiac risk factors at 1 year.
Journal of Clinical OncologyRiding the Crest of the Teachable Moment: Promoting Long-Term Health After the Diagnosis of Cancer
1,127 Citations2005Wendy Demark‐Wahnefried, Noreen M. Aziz +2 more
With 64% of cancer patients surviving > 5 years beyond diagnosis, oncologists are challenged to expand their focus from acute care to managing the long-term health consequences of cancer.
JAMAComparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women
1,019 Citations2007Christopher D. Gardner, Alexandre Kiazand +6 more
Archives of Internal MedicineEffects of Low-Carbohydrate vs Low-Fat Diets on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
969 Citations2006Alain Nordmann, A Nordmann +5 more
Low-carbohydrate, non-energy-restricted diets appear to be at least as effective as low-fat, energy- restricted diets in inducing weight loss for up to 1 year, however, potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in low-density lipid cholesterol values when low- carbohydrate diets to induce weight loss are considered.
Annals of Internal MedicineA Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia
937 Citations2004William S. Yancy, Maren K. Olsen +3 more
Body weight, body composition, serum lipid levels, and adverse effects over 24 weeks in hyperlipidemic persons who were randomly assigned to follow a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic, or low-fat, low-cholesterol, reduced-calorie diet are examined.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismA Randomized Trial Comparing a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet and a Calorie-Restricted Low Fat Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women
829 Citations2003Bonnie J. Brehm, Randy J. Seeley +2 more
A very low carbohydrate diet is more effective than a low fat diet for short-term weight loss and, over 6 months, is not associated with deleterious effects on important cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women.
Annals of Internal MedicineThe Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Conventional Weight Loss Diets in Severely Obese Adults: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial
810 Citations2004Linda Stern, Nayyar Iqbal +7 more
The findings 1 year after randomization to a low-carbohydrate diet versus a high-fat weight loss diet (conventional diet) in severely obese adults with a high prevalence of diabetes or the metabolic syndrome are reported.
BMJLong term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis
793 Citations2007Diana Rucker, Raj Padwal +3 more
Orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant modestly reduce weight, have differing effects on cardiovascular risk profiles, and have specific adverse effects.
Diabetes CareThe Homeostasis Model in the San Antonio Heart Study
793 Citations1997Steven M. Haffner, Heikki Miettinen +1 more
HOMA provides a useful model to assess insulin resistance and β-cell function in epidemiological studies in which only fasting samples are available and that, further, it is critical to take into account the degree of insulin resistance in assessing insulin secretion by the HOMA model.
Annals of Internal MedicineThe Effect of Polyphenols in Olive Oil on Heart Disease Risk Factors
747 Citations2006María‐Isabel Covas, Kristiina Nyyssönen +14 more
The EUROLIVE Study aims to assess the effect of sustained daily doses of olive oil, as a function of its phenolic content, on the oxidative damage to lipid and LDL cholesterol levels and the lipid profile as cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyEffects of exercise and diet on chronic disease
559 Citations2004Christian K. Roberts, R. James Barnard
The effects of exercise and diet in the prevention of chronic disease are discussed, the effects of lifestyle modification for both mitigating disease progression and reversing existing disease are highlighted, and potential mechanisms for beneficial effects are suggested.
Nutrition ReviewsScientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review
527 Citations2006Lluís Serra‐Majem, Blanca Román +1 more
Results disclose the mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in disease prevention, particularly in cardiovascular disease secondary prevention, but also emphasize the need to undertake experimental research and systematic reviews in the areas of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, infectious diseases, age-related cognitive impairment, and cancer, among others.
EpidemiologyReproducibility and Validity of a Self-Administered Physical Activity Questionnaire for Male Health Professionals
501 Citations1996Scott Chasan-Taber, Eric B. Rimm +6 more
The data indicate that this physical activity questionnaire is reproducible and provides a useful measure of average weekly activity, particularly vigorous activity, over a 1-year period.
MetabolismLimitations in the assessment of dietary energy intake by self-report
488 Citations1995Dale A. Schoeller
Comparisons of measured energy expenditure with energy intake from either weighed or estimated dietary records against energy expenditure have indicated that obese subjects, female endurance athletes, and adolescents underestimate habitual and actual energy intake.
Annals of Internal MedicineMeta-analysis: The Effect of Dietary Counseling for Weight Loss
469 Citations2007Michael L. Dansinger, Athina Tatsioni +3 more
It is suggested that, on average, dietary counseling interventions for weight loss have resulted in a net loss of approximately 2 BMI units at 12 months compared with usual care, and this weight difference narrows considerably over the subsequent 4 years.
International Journal of ObesityA randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults
355 Citations2001Katherine McManus, L Antinoro +1 more
A moderate-fat, Mediterranean-style diet, controlled in energy, offers an alternative to a low-fat diet with superior long-term participation and adherence, with consequent improvements in weight loss.
American Journal of EpidemiologyUse of Recovery Biomarkers to Calibrate Nutrient Consumption Self-Reports in the Women's Health Initiative
353 Citations2008Marian L. Neuhouser, Lesley F. Tinker +17 more
Recovery biomarker data were used in regression equations to calibrate self- Reports and the potential application of these equations to disease risk modeling is presented; the authors confirm the existence of systematic bias in dietary self-reports and provide methods of correcting for measurement error.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteEnergy Intake and Prostate Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression
236 Citations1999P. Mukherjee, А.В. Сотников +4 more
The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that energy restriction reduces prostate tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and dietary fat concentration does not influence prostate tumors growth when energy intake is reduced.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyEat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating
221 Citations2001Walter C. Willett, P.J. Skerrett +2 more
Health Education ResearchObesity prevention programs for children and youth: why are their results so modest?
184 Citations2006Helen Thomas
The purpose of this paper is to critically reflect upon the mixed/modest results of the primary studies related to the effectiveness of physical activity enhancement and improving nutritional intake in obesity prevention programs for children and youth.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteAssociation of Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemia With Accelerated Growth of Prostate Cancer (LNCaP) Xenografts
178 Citations2007V. Venkateswaran, Ahmed Haddad +6 more
A diet high in refined carbohydrates is associated with increased tumor growth and with activation of signaling pathways distal to the insulin receptor in a murine model of prostate cancer.
Journal of NutritionDietary Evaluation and Attenuation of Relative Risk: Multiple Comparisons between Blood and Urinary Biomarkers, Food Frequency, and 24-Hour Recall Questionnaires: the DEARR Study
177 Citations2005Iris Shai, Bernard Rosner +6 more
The DEARR study showed that the newly developed FFQ is a valid and reproducible instrument for assessing dietary intake and can be used for future adjustment of diet-disease RR estimates in this population.
The ProstateCarbohydrate restriction, prostate cancer growth, and the insulin‐like growth factor axis
169 Citations2007Stephen J. Freedland, John C. Mavropoulos +10 more
Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular MedicinePopular weight-loss diets: from evidence to practice
150 Citations2006Vasanti Malik, Frank B. Hu
Evidence indicates that low-carbohydrate diets could be better in terms of short-term weight loss relative to traditional low-fat diets, but little is known about their long-term utility and safety.
Nutrition ReviewsScientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review
147 Citations2006Lluís Serra‐Majem, Blanca Román +1 more
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismDiet, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Zoning in on Data for Atkins Dieters Living in South Beach
106 Citations2004Cristina Lara‐Castro, W. Timothy Garvey
High-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets comprised of foods with low caloric density can similarly be used for effective weight reduction and to ameliorate insulin resistance and although some data suggest that low-glycemic index diets are most advantageous in this regard, these effects may have more to do with increments in dietary fiber than differences in available carbohydrates.
Annals of EpidemiologyDietary intake in the Diabetes Prevention Program cohort: baseline and 1-year post-randomization
94 Citations2004Elizabeth J. Mayer‐Davis, Karen C. Sparks +7 more
One-year post-randomization, significant differences in dietary intake were observed in the Lifestyle compared with the Metformin or Placebo group, and these were consistent with the general intent of the DPP lifestyle modification intervention.
PubMedEffect of isocaloric low-fat diet on human LAPC-4 prostate cancer xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice and the insulin-like growth factor axis.
91 Citations2003Tung H. Ngo, R. James Barnard +7 more
Results demonstrate that intake of an LF diet was associated with slower LAPC-4 prostate tumor growth relative to mice fed an HF diet, independent of total caloric intake, and this effect may be mediated through modulation of the insulin/IGF axis.
Public Health NutritionSelection of food items for inclusion in a newly developed food-frequency questionnaire
64 Citations2004Iris Shai, Danit R. Shahar +2 more
Developing an FFQ on the basis of common foods may not explain the between-person variation required for ranking individual intake in diet–disease studies, but producing lists of ‘discriminating items’ can be a useful application in developing mini-FFQs for selected nutrients.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Employer as Health Coach
55 Citations2007Susan Okie
Studies show that obese, physically inactive employees with diabetes are likely to get sicker and rack up high medical bills, so companies are tackling high medical costs by promoting wellness in their workforce.
Cancer ResearchEffect of Isocaloric Low-Fat Diet on Prostate Cancer Xenograft Progression to Androgen Independence
45 Citations2004Tung H. Ngo, R. James Barnard +6 more
Reduced dietary fat intake delayed conversion from androgen-sensitive to -insensitive prostate cancer and significantly prolonged survival of severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing LAPC-4 xenografts.
Public Health NutritionAdaptation of international nutrition databases and data-entry system tools to a specific population
42 Citations2003Iris Shai, Hillel Vardi +3 more
This paper describes the process undertaken to develop an Israeli food composition database as well as the data-entry system and may aid other research groups in developing a computerised, nation-specific nutritional database and data- Entry system adapted to their own specific local needs.
Current Opinion in LipidologyInsulin resistance, low-fat diets, and low-carbohydrate diets: time to test new menus
18 Citations2005Dawn C. Schwenke
Current evidence supports the inclusion of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and lean sources of animal proteins including low-fat dairy products in dietary therapies for insulin resistance, with particular focus onLow-fat diets compared with the currently popular low-carbohydrate diets.
