Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis
ApmisPublished 1 January 1988
H. J. G. Gundersen, Thomas Fichtner Bendtsen, Lise Korbo, Niels Marcussen, Arne Møller, Knud Nor Nielsen
Citations2,948
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score0.81
SNIP0.79
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TL;DR
Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review and the principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples.
Abstract
Stereology is a set of simple and efficient methods for quantitation of three-dimensional microscopic structures which is specifically tuned to provide reliable data from sections. Within the last few years, a number of new methods has been developed which are of special interest to pathologists. Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review. The principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples. The necessary equipment, the measurements, and the calculations are invariably simple and easy.
Keywords
Immunology and MicrobiologyMathematics
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A set of very simple estimators of efficiency are presented and illustrated with a variety of biological examples and a nomogram for predicting the necessary number of points when performing point counting is provided.
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The full range of estimators is described, some of them for the first time, some in an improved form, several in more than one version, and all of them under the single, absolute requirement that one can in fact identify what one is quantifying on sections.
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The usefulness of a number of new stereological principles for unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes and sampling of particles is illustrated together with a novel principle for biased estimation of anisotropic surfaces.
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488 Citations1985H. J. G. Gundersen, Eva B. Vedel Jensen
A stereological estimator of the weighted mean volume of particles of arbitrary shape is described, based on simple point‐sampling of linear intercept lengths, which effectively breaks the long‐standing ‘convexity‐barrier’.
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There are two structurally different forms of bone loss with different rates, cellular mechanisms, and biomechanical effects, derived mainly from an examination of postmenopausal bone loss, and may be applicable to other osteopenic states.
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This study concentrates on the unbiased estimation of lung volume using Cavalieri's principle compared with the fluid displacement method and measurement of pleural surface area using vertical sections.
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A disturbed glomerulo-tubular balance in the early phases of diabetic renal hypertrophy is indicated in rats with streptozotocin diabetes or after unilateral nephrectomy.
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Reductions in total femur calcium content, cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration, suggesting a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.
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124 Citations1978Gundersen Hj
A survey is given of principles for obtaining an estimate of the numerical density of profiles not biased by the edge effect in planar samples and none of the methods represent the ideal combination of independence of assumptions concerning both profiles and frame as well as independence of information external to the frame.
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106 Citations1989Lisbeth Regeur, Bente Pakkenberg
Using stereological methods, which allow the quantification of 3‐D structures from measurements on 2‐D cross‐sections, the difficulties of measurements of the cerebral cortical volume have been overcome.
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A capillary structural unit can be given an unambiguous, topological definition which forms the basis for the practical stereological estimation of the total number of such units in a capillary network.
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