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TL;DR
This work confirms the (oft-reported) performance differences between supposedly identical instances, and leads to identify fruitful targets for placement gaming, such as CPU, network, and storage performance, and develops a formal model for placement strategies and evaluates potential strategies via simulation.
Abstract
Infrastructure-as-a-system compute clouds such as Amazon's EC2 allow users to pay a flat hourly rate to run their virtual machine (VM) on a server providing some combination of CPU access, storage, and network. But not all VM instances are created equal: distinct underlying hardware differences, contention, and other phenomena can result in vastly differing performance across supposedly equivalent instances. The result is striking variability in the resources received for the same price.
