A Bibliography of Experimental Extinction
Psychological ReportsPublished 1 December 1971
Roger C. Smith, Sharon M. Bowles
Citations3
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.76
SNIP0.91
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Abstract
An alphabetic listing of articles on extinction published from 1935 to 1970 is presented.
Keywords
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Journal of Experimental PsychologyEffect of UCS intensity on the acquisition and extinction of an avoidance response.
115 Citations1964K. E. Moyer, James H. Korn
The highest shock level produced significantly longer escape latencies on early trials but did not retard avoidance learning, and these results are compared with those found using other avoidance tasks.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorAN EXTINCTION‐INDUCED INCREASE IN AN AGGRESSIVE RESPONSE WITH HUMANS<sup>1</sup>
79 Citations1970Joe Kelly, D. F. Hake
Child DevelopmentPATTERNS OF REINFORCEMENT AND RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION IN YOUNG CHILDREN1
68 Citations1957Sidney W. Bijou
Results have established that intermittent reinforcement (whether fixed or irregular in pattern) markedly increases resistance to extinction as compared to continuous reinforcement, and the interest at this stage of laboratory research on child behavior is to study this relationship in young children.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorINSTRUCTIONAL CONTROL OF HUMAN OPERANT RESPONDING DURING EXTINCTION FOLLOWING FIXED‐RATIO CONDITIONING
68 Citations1970Harold Weiner
When given pre-conditioning instructions correctly indicating the maximum number of reinforcements obtainable, subjects made few responses during extinction following FR 10 conditioning but more extinction responses occurred when the maximum-reinforcement instructions suggested that reinforcements were obtainable during extinction.
The American Journal of PsychologyThe Effect of Partial and Delayed Reinforcement on Resistance to Extinction
64 Citations1951Janet Crum, W. Lynn Brown +1 more
Partially reinforced animals are frequently rewarded during training for responses to an afferent pattern which does not include the after-effects of reinforcement and which more closely resembles the stimulating conditions encountered during extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceA reinterpretation of extinction in discriminated avoidance
42 Citations1968D. Gene Davenport, Richard D. Olson
Psychological ReportsEffects of Success-Failure Experiences and Probability of Reinforcement upon the Acquisition and Extinction of An Imitative Response
41 Citations1960Vera T. Kanareff, John T. Lanzetta
Psychonomic ScienceExtinction and the necessity or non-necessity of anticipating reward on nonrewarded trials
40 Citations1970E. J. Capaldi, David R. Ziff +1 more
The results are not consistent with the hypothesis that at least one rewarded trial must precede nonrewarded trials in order to obtain a PRE, nor do they support the idea that reward must be expected on nonreWARDed trials as well as expected on rewarded trials, but reinforce the view that expectancy must be eliminated prior to extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceReinforcement of behavior with cues correlated with extinction
34 Citations1967Ronald E. Schaub, Werner K. Honig
Pigeons pecking at a white key produced both occasional primary reinforcement and brief red “cue” lights, suggesting that the green cue served as a reinforcer for pecking in extinction.
The American Journal of PsychologyThe Effect of Different Amounts of Alternating Partial Reinforcement on Resistance to Extinction
29 Citations1957E. J. Capaldi
Psychonomic ScienceThe redefinition of extinction applied to Sidman free-operant avoidance responding
29 Citations1970D. Gene Davenport, Roger W. Coger +1 more
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyResponse Elimination without Performance
28 Citations1955Harry M. B. Hurwitz
It has been shown that the strength of the lever-pressing response can be reduced by allowing the animals to explore the box without finding food, which conflicts with a simple reactive-inhibition theory of forgetting and response-elimination.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorLearning during “extinction” with paired associates
26 Citations1965Donald C. Butler, David E. Peterson
Journal of Experimental PsychologyExtended acquisition training and resistance to extinction.
26 Citations1963Shepard Siegel, Allan R. Wagner
The results corroborate previous findings by North and Stimmel on the effects of extended acquisition training, and indicate that their results cannot be attributed simply to the age, handling, and deprivation variables.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorA RESPONSE DURATION SCHEDULE: EFFECTS OF TRAINING, EXTINCTION, AND DEPRIVATION
25 Citations1970Joan G. Stevenson, Frances L. Clayton
When reinforcement was reinstated after extinction, performance quickly returned to pre-extinction measures, and further sessions at different levels of deprivation produced only temporary disruptions in performance.
The American Journal of PsychologyExtinction of a Human Cardiac-Response during Avoidance-Conditioning
23 Citations1956Philip J. Bersh, Joseph M. Notterman +1 more
It will also appear that the weakening of CR arises partly from the discriminative control over CR assumed by stimuli which are produced by, or accompany, RAV, and which thus play the role of negative stimuli in the Pavlovian method of contrasts.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorOPERANT EXTINCTION NEAR ZERO<sup>1</sup>
21 Citations1964G. S. Reynolds
When pecking a third stimulus is reinforced, responding is resumed under the other stimuli, and more responses are made to the stimulus least associated with extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceEffect of partial reinforcement trial sequences on extinction performance
18 Citations1968James E. Spivey, David T. Hess
Psychological ReportsExtinction and Reacquisition Performance as a Function of Sucrose-Solution Rewards and Numbers of Acquisition Trials
17 Citations1968James R. Ison, Alexander J. Rosen
Reacquisition performance was positively related to reacquisition magnitude and, on some performance variables, both acquisition variables, and both acquisition and extinction performance were increased by larger values of the acquisition variables.
Psychonomic ScienceVaried reward sequence and resistance to extinction in the straight alley
13 Citations1969Dale W. Leonard
Five groups of rats were extinguished in a straight alley after training on one of the following reward sequences to test the hypothesis that smaller rewards on the first trial on a two-trial varied reward sequence increase resistance to extinction (Rn).
Psychonomic ScienceThe partial reinforcement effect after minimal acquisition: Single pellet reward
13 Citations1968Garvin McCain
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorTHE DEVELOPMENT AND THE EXTINCTION OF HYPERTHERMIA INDUCED BY CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN RATS<sup>1</sup>
13 Citations1970A. Delini‐Stula
Hyperthermia was observed at the end of each conditioning session in rats trained to avoid electric shocks by jumping on a platform and the temperature rise was also observed after the conditioned behavioral response was well established and was elicited even in the absence of shocks.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorExtinction of R-S associations and performance on recall trials without informative feedback
13 Citations1965Rose Greenbloom, Gregory A. Kimble
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyExtinction of a Runway Response following Runway or Goal Box Partial Reinforcement
12 Citations1967Richard Wilton
Rats were trained on a consistent reinforcement schedule in a straight runway and switched to one of two partial reinforcement procedures, and when extinguished in the full length of the runway both groups were more resistant to extinction than groups trained only on consistent reinforcement.
Psychological ReportsSome Observations on Extinction of a Complex Discriminated Operant
12 Citations1967William W. Cumming, Robert Berryman +2 more
Psychological ReportsExtinction as a Function of a Small Number of Partially Reinforced Trials
12 Citations1962Garvin Mc Cain, Nancey Love +1 more
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorEXTINCTION OF A HETEROGENEOUS CHAIN AFTER SEVERAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES<sup>1</sup>
12 Citations1969Thomas D. D’Andrea
Intermittent reinforcement of the chain led to greater resistance to extinction of both members and the chain remained intact longer in the sense that stimulus control was maintained, and compared to reports in the literature on homogeneous (single operandum) response chains.
Psychological ReportsJoint Effect of Amobarbital and Response Prevention on Car Extinction
12 Citations1968Dennis K. Kamano
It is shown that extinction may be further facilitated by amobarbital treatment during response prevention and that Ss administered amobarBital during CAR prevention did not differ significantly from the control Ss in extinction performance.
Psychonomic SciencePreference for photographs as a function of frequency of presentation
12 Citations1965W. Stephen Wilson, Holly Nakajo
The American Journal of PsychologyAlternating and Random Partial Reinforcement in the Fish, with Some Observations on Asymptotic Resistance to Extinction
11 Citations1961R. C. Gonzalez, Rochelle M. Eskin +1 more
The research reported here extends the comparison of fish and rat in terms of the consequences of partial reinforcement and finds initial resistance to extinction was found to be greater after consistent than after partial reinforcement.
Psychonomic ScienceExtinction and reconditioning of behavior generated by a DRL contingency of reinforcement
11 Citations1968David E. Carter, Louis J. J. Bruno
Psychological ReportsTemporal Analysis of Relevant and Irrelevant Behavior Components in Partial Reinforcement and Extinction
11 Citations1963Dalbir Bindra
Psychological ReportsEarly Experience and Social Grouping in Fear Extinction of Rats
11 Citations1965W. F. Angermeier, P. Philhour +1 more
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction as a function of sequence of events in partial reinforcement
11 Citations1970Lawrence S. Meyers, E. J. Capaldi
Psychonomic ScienceResponse suppression in the CER paradigm with extinction as the aversive event
11 Citations1969Arnold Kaufman
Psychological ReportsEffects of Several Drugs on Relevant and Irrelevant Behavior Components in a Lever-Pressing Situation
11 Citations1962Dalbir Bindra
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several drugs, with varied pharmacological actions, on a water-reinforced lever-pressing response in the rat.
Psychological ReportsExtinction, Stimulus Generalization and Partial Reinforcement for Higher-Order Meaning Conditioning
10 Citations1969Adam Miller, Wylla D. Barsness
Psychological ReportsDifferences in Extinction in Electrical Brain-Stimulation under Traditional Procedures of Reward Presentation
10 Citations1965Roger W. McIntire, James E. Wright
The data show clearly that H2O reinforcement is superior in producing higher resistance to extinction and that presentation of ESB reinforcement in a manner similar to the way in which a water reinforcement is presented gives higher Resistance to extinction than presenting ESB reinforce contingent only on the bar-press.
Psychonomic SciencePartial reinforcement with a small number of trials: Performance in extinction
10 Citations1965Garvin McCain
Psychonomic ScienceEffects of different patterns of reinforcement on performance under massed or spaced extinction
10 Citations1970N. J. Mackintosh, Lydia Little
Psychonomic ScienceEffect of CS position reversal on extinction in shuttle air-blast avoidance
10 Citations1969Thomas W. Baker, Donald Ziegelbauer
Psychonomic ScienceThe effect of partial reinforcement on extinction in avoidance conditioning
9 Citations1968George Marsh, Ned Paulson
Psychonomic ScienceContinuous and fixed ratio reinforcement effects in extinction one day and three weeks after acquisition
9 Citations1965Edwin G. Aiken, Kirk L. Gibson
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyEffect of Interpolated Extinction after Partial Delay of Reward Training on Subsequent Reacquisition and Extinction
9 Citations1968C. Thomas Surridge, Karen R. Mock +1 more
Psychological ReportsExtinction Performance as a Function of Reinforcement Magnitude and Number of Training Trials
9 Citations1967Richard Wilton, K. T. Strongman
A comparison of studies supports a suggestion made by Ison (1962) that performance during extinction is an inverted U-shaped function of the number of training trials, with the peak of the function determined by the magnitude of reward experienced during training.
Psychonomic ScienceThe partial reinforcement effect after minimal acquisition: Single pellet reward, spaced trials
9 Citations1969Garvin McCain
Psychological ReportsResistance to Punishment and Subsequent Extinction of a Response as a Function of its Reward History
9 Citations1968M. Vogel‐Sprott, Emily C. Thurston
Both the punishment and the subsequent extinction of an unwanted response in humans appeared to be importantly determined by the initial acquisition history of the response.
The Psychological RecordDistal cues and latent extinction
9 Citations1959M. Ray Denny, Stanley C. Ratner
The hypothesis was tested that the failure of Bugelski et al (1952) to obtain latent extinction effects in a “replication” of Seward and Levy’s (1949) latent extinction study was due to the absence of differential extra-maze stimuli at the ends of the runway in Bugelska's study and the results supported the hypothesis thus resolving the apparent contradiction.
Psychological ReportsResistance to Extinction as a Function of Differential Levels of Drive and Effortfulness of Response
8 Citations1967Devendra Narain Singh
Rats were trained on a crf schedule for bar-pressing requiring different amounts of force to activate the food delivery mechanism and extinction data showed a significant effect of food deprivation; however, neither effortfulness of responses nor its interaction with deprivation was significant.
Psychological ReportsDelay of Reinforcement and Resistance to Extinction: A Supplementary Report
8 Citations1965K. Edward Renner
Deprivation level and cues did not differentially affect rate of extinction or the number of perseveration responses, and for immediate reinforcement Ss, the rate of decline during extinction was faster although they showed greater initial perseveration.
Psychonomic ScienceAcquisition and extinction, within subjects, of a continuously rewarded response and a response learned under discontinuous negatively correlated reward
8 Citations1967Michael E. Rashotte, Abram Amsel
Differences in performance to the two stimuli are in terms of average speeds and profiles of the animal’s performance across a fractionated alley.
Psychonomic ScienceSequences of delayed reward and extinction confinement: Effects on pattern running and extinction performance
8 Citations1969Patrick E. Campbell
The D-I training sequence resulted in greater resistance to extinction than I-D, but only on the second daily trial, and the extinction speeds were also inversely related to percentage of delay confinement in extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceThe effect of unreinforced-reinforced sequences on resistance to extinction following partial reinforcement
8 Citations1969Ronald L. Koteskey
Psychonomic ScienceTransfer of persistence effects from frustration produced by blocking to frustration produced by nonreinforcement
7 Citations1970Howard I. Glazer, Abram Amsel
Psychonomic ScienceExtinction of differential reward magnitude discrimination in a discrete bar-pressing situation
7 Citations1969John W. Davenport, Charles F. Flaherty
Psychonomic SciencePunishment: effect on learning and resistance to extinction of discrete operant behavior
7 Citations1964Eileen B. Karsh
Bar-pressing rate was reduced by shock but recovered when punishment stopped, and shock given during acquisition but not during extinction slowed the rate of extinction, compared to an unpunished control group.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyInfantile Handling and the Extinction of Responses Acquired under Food Reward
7 Citations1970Roderick Wong
Results showed that handled rats ran faster than non-handled rats during acquisition and during the first 3 days of extinction, which suggested that the relationship between emotionality and effects of frustrative non-reward should be re-evaluated.
Psychonomic ScienceEffect of several reward exposure procedures on the small trial PRE
7 Citations1968Robert C. Godbout, David R. Ziff +1 more
Rats were run in a straight alley runway for five acquisition and 10 extinction trials and partial reinforcement led to greater resistance to extinction than consistent reinforcement.
Psychonomic ScienceCounterconditioning, neutral conditioning and extinction effects for the meaning of nonsense syllables
6 Citations1969Adam Miller, Norma Clark
Psychonomic SciencePersistence in punishment and extinction testing as a function of percentages of punishment and reward in training
6 Citations1967Charles N. Uhl
Psychonomic ScienceResistance of a free operant to extinction and suppression with punishment as a function of amount of training
6 Citations1967David G. Born
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction as a function of delay of reinforcement and the opportunity to retrace in the runway
6 Citations1967Melvin H. Marx
Psychonomic SciencePerformance under massed or spaced extinction following different sequences of varied reward training
6 Citations1969Dale W. Leonard, Richard W. Albin +1 more
Rats were run in a straight alley to test an unusual prediction by sequential theory that a varied reward group trained with an SL reward sequence would tend to be more resistant than an LS group under massed extinction, but less resistant under spaced extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceThe role of response effort in extinction: Much ado about nothing
6 Citations1967Thomas J. Stachnik
Psychonomic ScienceAcquisition and extinction of an instrumental response as a function of delay of intracranial stimulation reward and amount of training
6 Citations1970Shelton E. Hendricks, Arnold A. Gerall
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction of the CER as a function of shock-reinforcement training schedules
6 Citations1969Cynthia Scheuer
Psychonomic ScienceThe acqusition and extinction of instrumentally conditioned approach behavior in the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum)
6 Citations1967Stephen F. Davis, Jay J. Singer
Instrumental appetitive conditioning was studied in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, and showed that the Ss were capable of learning the task and that extinction returned the instrumentally conditioned response to the operant level.
Psychonomic SciencePattern of partial reinforcement and resistance to extinction in the immature rat
5 Citations1967William A. Roberts
Three groups of immature rats were given partially reinforced training, one group with an alternating pattern, another with a Gellermann pattern, and a third with an extended pattern, while a fourth group was consistently reinforced, and the alternating pattern was clearly discriminated in acquisition.
Psychonomic ScienceExtinction performance as a function of R-R transitions with abbreviated training
5 Citations1967James E. Spivey, David T. Hess +1 more
Psychological ReportsAcquisition and Extinction of the Conditioned Eyelid Response in the Squirrel Monkey as Functions of the CS-UCS Interval
5 Citations1967H. S. Pennypacker, William A. Cook
The results suggest the operation of pseudoconditioning and sensitization of spontaneous blinks in addition to revealing marked differences from human eyelid conditioning data, particularly in extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceTests of frustration theory extended to the generalized PRE
5 Citations1970W. Bedford Waters, Paul D. Knott
Psychonomic ScienceUnrewarded trials and resistance to extinction of a bar-pressing response
5 Citations1967J. Dutch, David Quartermain
The Journal of General PsychologyShifts in Bar Pressing as a Function of Alternating Extinction and Reinforcement
5 Citations1961Robert Adamson, William Bevan +1 more
The Journal of Genetic PsychologyMassed and Spaced Extinction in an Avoidance Conditioning Situation
5 Citations1955John F. Hall
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyDependence of the Overtraining Extinction Effect on Attention to Runway Cues
5 Citations1968David G. Likely, Samuel B. Schnitzer
Six groups of rats were given 60 extinction trials in a runway following 30, 90 or 120 acquisition trials, and a hurdle was interposed in the runway during both acquisition and extinction to support the hypothesis that overtraining transfers control of responding from external to internal cues.
Psychological ReportsEffect of Electroconvulsive Shock (ECS) on Extinction of an Approach Response
5 Citations1963Millard C. Madsen, Marvin W. Luttges
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorRESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION IN THE GOLDFISH FOLLOWING SCHEDULES OF CONTINUOUS AND VARIABLE INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT<sup>1</sup>
4 Citations1964George A. Wertheim, Robert D. Singer
Four goldfish (Carassius auratus, comet) were reinforced with food when they intercepted a beam of light and each fish performed on both CRF and VI 50-sec schedules, agreeing with those previously obtained in birds and mammals.
Psychonomic ScienceStimulus variation and resistance to extinction: Satiation or disinhibition?
4 Citations1965W. Edward Bacon, Dalbir Bindra
Psychonomic ScienceThe effect of degree and type of training upon extinction of a response chain in pigeons
4 Citations1967Kurt W. Fischer
Pigeons were given extensive training in a two link response chain with a variable interval (VI) schedule in each link and animals with high training in the satiation condition differed from other animals in that they showed higher response rates in the initial link relative to the terminal link.
Psychonomic ScienceOverlearning, extinction, and superstition effects on observing behavior in concept learning
4 Citations1969Sven Rydberg, Peter W Arnberg
Psychonomic ScienceThe facilitative effects of shock and sensory deprivation on bar-pressing during extinction
4 Citations1968Alan R. Miller, Robert A. Stewart +1 more
The results indicate that sensory deprivation and shock generate the highest bar-press rate prior to and during extinction, and that there is an interaction between shock and sensory deprivation.
Psychonomic ScienceResponse availability and extinction of conditioned suppression
4 Citations1970Donald E. Jackson
Psychonomic ScienceExtinction behavior following differential partial reward sequences
4 Citations1968J. M. Bloom
In three experiments, rats were trained in the straight runway on NRR or RNR partial reward sequences and then extinguished, and RNR produced greater resistance to extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceEffects in extinction, with and without free choice, of degree of experience with stimuli associated with both partial and continuous reinforcement
4 Citations1967Michael Divak, Rogers Elliott
The effect of two degrees of training of rats to both arms of a T-maze, one associated with partial reinforcement and the other with continuous, were investigated: extinction took as long to CRF- as it did to PR-associated stimuli.
Psychonomic ScienceIncreased resistance to extinction as a function of the opportunity to retrace in the runway
4 Citations1967Melvin H. Marx
Markedly superior resistance to extinction in the runway was shown by rats which were allowed to retrace immediately after entering the goalbox and receiving a buzzer cue formerly associated with reinforcement.
Psychological ReportsDifferentiation of Response Characteristics during Multiple Fixed Ratio Extinction
4 Citations1964Jeremy D. Birch
It appeared that S discriminated the response requirements, and that the procedure can be used to study such discrimination in detail.
Psychological ReportsRole of Multiple-Pellet Rewards in Acquisition and Extinction of a Runway Response
3 Citations1970Amado M. Padilla, Douglas Spanier
Psychonomic ScienceAcquisition and extinction as a function of magnitude and percentage of reinforcement
3 Citations1967Melvin H. Marx
The Psychological RecordN-reinforcements and extinction responding
3 Citations1963Robert W. Schaeffer
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction following exposure to a complex situation
3 Citations1966L. S. Hommel, H. B. Altman
During the second extinction phase, Group C performed better than either the P or N groups, and response facilitation was attributed to the activating effects of the exposure situations.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyExtinction of a Running Response as a Function of Reinforcement Magnitude
3 Citations1966Richard Wilton
It was concluded that resistance to extinction is an inverted U-shaped function of reinforcement magnitude found in training.
Psychological ReportsExtinction Responding as a Function of the Schedule of Secondary Reinforcement during Extinction
3 Citations1961Thomas J. Mc Crystal, Fogle C. Clark
The present experiment was designed to obtain extinction data from human Ss under three schedules ofsecondary reinforcement following a common training procedure, and in a situation relevant to the hypotheses of Bitterman, Melching, and others, as well as to the account of secondary reinforcement in terms of discriminative effects.
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction in rats as a function of drive level and amount of training
3 Citations1970John H. Mueller, D. Gene Davenport
Psychonomic ScienceA facilitating effect of latent extinction: Further evidence
3 Citations1970Elvis C. Jones, Donald Sytsma +1 more
The Japanese journal of psychologyAn Experimental Investigation of Partial reinforcement
3 Citations1954Shizuko Ishihara
Psychological ReportsMagnesium Pemoline: Activation of Extinction Responding after Continuous Reinforcement
3 Citations1967George S. Grosser, Richard C. Sprinthall +1 more
Magnesium pemoline prolongs performance in extinction following continuous reinforcement although not affecting prior acquisition of food-reinforced lever pressing, and significantly prolong extinction.
Psychonomic ScienceResistance to extinction following discrimination and nondiscrimination training with intermittent reinforcement
3 Citations1970James H. McCroskery
Psychonomic ScienceThe effect of paired neutral stimuli on the acquisition and extinction of the classical eyeblink response
2 Citations1968Mark Ominsky, Gregory M. Posnick
The effect of pairing two neutral stimuli at the same inter-stimulus interval subsequently used for conditioning the eye-blink response was compared to an unpaired control group and no differences were found during acquisition.
Psychonomic ScienceThe cognitive factor in the extinction of a conditioned GSR
2 Citations1969Philip S. Hall, Carol R. Prior
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