Neuropsychological Deficits in Neuroleptic Naive Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Archives of General PsychiatryPublished 1 February 1994
Andrew J. Saykin
Citations1,084
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Verbal memory, as a primary neuropsychological deficit present early in the course of schizophrenia, implicates the left temporal-hippocampal system.
Abstract
Verbal memory, as a primary neuropsychological deficit present early in the course of schizophrenia, implicates the left temporal-hippocampal system. Neuropsychological evaluations before treatment permit differentiation of primary deficits from changes secondary to medication or chronicity. This is essential for developing a neurobehavioral perspective on schizophrenia.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscience
Archives of General PsychiatryImplications of Normal Brain Development for the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
3,716 Citations1987Daniel R. Weinberger
The findings suggest that nonspecific histopathology exists in the limbic system, diencephalon, and prefrontal cortex, that the pathology occurs early in development, and that the causative process is inactive long before the diagnosis is made.
The Neuropsychology of Memory
2,129 Citations1984Larry R. Squire
Archives of General PsychiatryPhysiologic Dysfunction of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia
2,019 Citations1986Daniel R. Weinberger
Autonomic arousal measures, the pattern of WCS errors, and results of complementary studies suggest that the DLPFC finding is linked to regionally specific cognitive function and is not a nonspecific epiphenomenon.
Archives of General PsychiatryPositron Emission Tomographic Analysis of Central D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Occupancy in Patients Treated With Classical Neuroleptics and Clozapine
1,415 Citations1992Lars Farde
This finding indicates that neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes are related to the degree of central D2 occupancy induced in the basal ganglia of drug-treated schizophrenic patients and demonstrates that clozapine is also "atypical" with respect to the central D1 occupancy in patients.
Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe neuropsychology of schizophrenia
1,366 Citations1991J.A. Gray, Joram Feldon +3 more
A model is proposed for integrating the neural and cognitive aspects of the positive symptoms of acute schizophrenia, using evidence from postmortem neuropathology and neurochemistry, clinical and preclinical studies of dopaminergic neurotransmission, anatomical connections between the limbic system and basal ganglia, attentional and other cognitive abnormalities underlying the positive Symptoms of schizophrenia.
Archives of General PsychiatryNeuropsychological Function in Schizophrenia
1,155 Citations1991Andrew J. Saykin
Findings lend support to the hypothesized importance of the temporal-hippocampal region in understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the selectivity and relative severity compared with other behavioral functions.
Archives of General PsychiatryFurther Evidence for Dementia of the Prefrontal Type in Schizophrenia?
520 Citations1987Terry E. Goldberg
The data suggest that prefrontal-type cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may be more profound than is generally appreciated.
Schizophrenia BulletinSymptomatic and Neuropsychological Components of Defect States
504 Citations1985Robert M. Bilder, Sukdeb Mukherjee +2 more
Preliminary findings of investigations in which symptomatic and neuropsychological assessments were conducted in a sample of chronic schizophrenic inpatients suggest that the "defect state" may not be a monothetic construct, and that within the domain of "type II" schizophrenia, disturbances of thought may be distinguished from those of affect and motivation.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseasePerformance of Schizophrenic Patients on Tests Sensitive To Left or Right Frontal, Temporal, or Parietal Function in Neurological Patients
466 Citations1983Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw
The performances of schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects were compared on an extensive battery of psychological tests and imply that schizophrenia results, at least in part, from a bilateral dysfunction of the frontal and temporal lobes.
Schizophrenia BulletinTemporal Lobe Asymmetries as the Key to the Etiology of Schizophrenia
399 Citations1990T. J. Crow
A candidate locus for an asymmetry determinant and the psychosis gene within the exchange region of the sex chromosomes is proposed and some sex differences in schizophrenia may relate to subtle differences in the rate of asymmetry development in the two sexes.
Archives of General PsychiatryNeuropsychological Assessment of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia
384 Citations1990Terry E. Goldberg
The results suggest that neuropsychological dysfunction is a consistent feature of schizophrenia and that it is related primarily to the clinical disease process and not to genetic or nonspecific environmental factors.
Archives of General PsychiatryImpairments on Neuropsychologic Tests of Temporohippocampal and Frontohippocampal Functions and Word Fluency in Remitting Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders
363 Citations1988John Gruzelier
Patients with affective disorders had patterned deficits characterized by bilateral impairments that disclosed a preponderance of deficits in spatial learning and memory; depressives demonstrated impairments in digit span.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyRelation of neuroleptic and anticholinergic medication to cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
354 Citations1989Herbert Spohn, Milton E. Strauss
It is found that neuroleptic treatment is associated with limited normalization on many psychological measures, whereas anticholinergics appear to disrupt some aspects of memory.
American Journal of PsychiatryNeuropsychological functioning of first-episode schizophreniform patients
322 Citations1992A.L. Hoff, Henry Riordan +3 more
It is suggested that substantial cognitive deficits, comparable to those of chronic patients, are present early in the course of psychotic illness.
Schizophrenia BulletinIntellectual Deficits in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Evidence for Progressive Deterioration
287 Citations1992Robert M. Bilder, L. Lipschutz-Broch +4 more
The hypothesis that patients differ in the course of cognitive decline is supported and deterioration of function may follow the onset of overt psychosis in some patients is suggested; Prospective longitudinal studies of first-episode schizophrenic patients could directly test this hypothesis.
Schizophrenia BulletinNeuroleptics: Effects on Neuropsychological Function in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
272 Citations1990Geraldine Cassens, A. K. Inglis +2 more
There is consistent evidence to suggest that chronic administration of neuroleptics in this patient population does not impair neuropsychological function independent of motor function, and these findings have direct implications regarding the risk/benefit ratio and legal ramifications for the use of neuroscience in chronic schizophrenic patients.
Psychological BulletinNeuropsychological test results associated with psychiatric disorders in adults.
250 Citations1978Robert K. Heaton, Lyle E. Baade +1 more
This review addresses the question of whether neuropsychological tests can be used to discriminate between cerebral dysfunction and nonorganic psychiatric disorders by considering 94 studies that compared test scores of psychiatric patients with scores of brain-damaged patients or with established norms for organicity.
Archives of Clinical NeuropsychologyThe effects of neuroleptics on neuropsychological test results of schizophrenics
201 Citations1988Alice Medalia, James M. Gold +1 more
A synthesis of findings suggests that specific cognitive functions are differentially affected by antipsychotic medication effects, raising the possibility that frontal lobe functioning is adversely affected by neuroleptic treatment.
Schizophrenia ResearchRecall memory deficit in schizophrenia
187 Citations1989Terry E. Goldberg, Daniel R. Weinberger +3 more
While normal subjects performed at a higher level on various measures of recall, a significant effect of repeated trials was present for each group for each measure, indicating that both groups learned.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyContributions of clinical neuropsychology to the study of schizophrenia.
183 Citations1989Smadar Levin, Deborah Yurgelun‐Todd +1 more
Empirical data provide support for two general models of structural and functional impairment in schizophrenia and suggest that the explanatory power of these models may vary when they are applied to different subtypes of schizophrenia.
Archives of General PsychiatryVolunteers for Biomedical Research
171 Citations1991Derri Shtasel
Of 312 volunteers passing the telephone screening who came to an in-person evaluation by a physician and agreed to participate, 49.7% were found to meet exclusionary criteria, and only 157 were admitted to the study.
Schizophrenia BulletinAnomalous Lateral Sulcus Asymmetry and Cognitive Function in First-episode Schizophrenia
154 Citations1992A.L. Hoff, Henry Riordan +6 more
It is suggested that atypical lateralization in an area critical to language function may be related to cognitive function in schizophreniform illness.
Schizophrenia BulletinEvidence for Distinct Verbal Memory Pathologies in Severely and Mildly Disturbed Schizophrenics
135 Citations1983Avraham Calev, Peter H. Venables +1 more
Three experiments show that more severely disturbed schizophrenics, unlike mildly disturbed patients, have memory deficits that cannot be located at the encoding stage, and this postencoding deficit is a differential deficit and does not simply reflect the schizophrenia generalized deficit.
PsychopharmacologyStriatal dopamine receptor occupancy during and following withdrawal from neuroleptic treatment: correlative evaluation by positron emission tomography and plasma prolactin levels
119 Citations1989Jean‐Claude Baron, J. L. Martinot +8 more
Overall, PET was much more sensitive than PRL to estimate striatal D2 receptor occupation in vivo, and longer intervals could be appropriate to support the D2-mediated hypothesis of neuroleptic action.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyStrategies for resolving the heterogeneity of schizophrenics and their relatives using cognitive measures.
118 Citations1989Loren J. Chapman, Jean P. Chapman
Psychiatry ResearchEvaluation of the stability of neuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: One-year followup study
116 Citations1991John A. Sweeney, Gretchen L. Haas +2 more
It is indicated that considerable improvement in neuropsychological functioning can occur in schizophrenic patients over the months following an acute episode of illness, and that recovery of cognitive function can occur after substantial clinical recovery from an acuteepisode of illness has already been achieved.
American Journal of PsychiatryMemory deficits and anticholinergic levels in chronic schizophrenia
111 Citations1986Deborah Perlick, Peter Šťastný +3 more
Recent memory correlated inversely with serum anticholinergic levels for verbal recall but not for recognition memory in chronic schizophrenic inpatients taking neuroleptic medications.
Archives of General PsychiatryNeurobehavioral Probes for Physiologic Neuroimaging Studies
106 Citations1992Ruben C. Gur
The potential of physiologic neuroimaging for contributing to the understanding of behavior and the psychopathologic condition is being enhanced by increased application of "neurobehavioral probes," tasks performed during measurement, and steps for applying such probes are proposed.
Schizophrenia BulletinPhenomenology and Functioning in First-Episode Schizophrenia
100 Citations1992D. L. Shtasel, Ruben C. Gur +4 more
The symptom profile of schizophrenia exists at the outset, that negative symptoms are associated with poor premorbid and current functioning, but that the role of positive symptoms is more complex and may vary in subtypes.
Archives of Clinical NeuropsychologyNeuropsychological heterogeneity in schizophrenia: A consideration of abstraction and problem-solving abilities
85 Citations1990Gerald Goldstein
There is extensive heterogeneity in both pattern and level of performance of schizophrenics on tests of abstraction and problem solving, and some, but not all of this heterogeneity is associated with variations in age, education, general intelligence, and neurological comorbidity.
Journal of Communication DisordersThe neuropsychology of schizophrenic speech
70 Citations1989William Barr, Robert M. Bilder +3 more
In a study of errors observed during a sample of 15 schizophrenics performance on a confrontation naming test, it is able to reliably identify and classify hierarchic categories of verbal perseverations occurring at both semantic and phonemic levels and argues that these perseverations represent a special case of executive dysfunction resulting from a disturbance of language monitoring mechanisms.
Schizophrenia BulletinNeuropsychological and Eye Movement Abnormalities in First-episode and Chronic Schizophrenia
68 Citations1992John A. Sweeney, G. L. Haas +1 more
Patients with a history of prior psychotic episodes demonstrated more severe pursuit eye movement dysfunction than first-episode patients and more severe disturbances on neuropsychological tests sensitive to prefrontal and left temporal cortical dysfunction.
Schizophrenia Research11. Neuropsychological deficits in the early course of first episode schizophrenia
59 Citations1991Robert M. Bilder, L. Lipschutz-Broch +4 more
Schizophrenia ResearchLongitudinal perspectives on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
19 Citations1991Lynn E. DeLisi, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
British Medical BulletinLaterality and psychosis: neuropsychological evidence
11 Citations1987Graham Robertson, Pamela J. Taylor
Archives of Clinical NeuropsychologyCharacterization of neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia: Relation to clinical subtypes and positive and negative features
2 Citations1990Andrew J. Saykin, Ruben C. Gur +6 more