Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease
JAMAPublished 6 April 1994Open access
Yaakov Stern
Citations1,423
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations.
Abstract
The data suggest that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations.
Keywords
Medicine
Springer series in statisticsNonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
45,533 Citations1992Edward L. Kaplan, Paul Meier
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & PsychiatryA RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION
32,633 Citations1960M. Hamilton
The present scale has been devised for use only on patients already diagnosed as suffering from affective disorder of depressive type, used for quantifying the results of an interview, and its value depends entirely on the skill of the interviewer in eliciting the necessary information.
NeurologyClinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
27,993 Citations1984Guy M. McKhann, David A. Drachman +4 more
The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information becomes available.
The British Journal of PsychiatryA New Clinical Scale for the Staging of Dementia
7,049 Citations1982Charles P. Hughes, Leonard van den Berg +3 more
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CRD) was developed for a prospective study of mild senile dementia—Alzheimer type (SDAT), and was found to distinguish unambiguously among older subjects with a wide range of cognitive function.
The British Journal of PsychiatryThe Association Between Quantitative Measures of Dementia and of Senile Change in the Cerebral Grey Matter of Elderly Subjects
4,123 Citations1968G. Blessed, B. E. Tomlinson +1 more
The expectation of mental disorder shows a steep increase with advancing chronological age, and beyond 75 years a large part of this increase is accounted for by disorders associated with degenerative changes in the central nervous system for which the authors lack remedies at the present time.
American Journal of PsychiatryValidation of a short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test of cognitive impairment
2,106 Citations1983Robert Katzman, Theodore Brown +4 more
A 6-item Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test has been validated as a measure of cognitive impairment and has been shown to discriminate among mild, moderate, and severe cognitive deficits.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
2,094 Citations1988Janet B. W. Williams
A test-retest reliability study conducted on a series of psychiatric inpatients demonstrated that the use of the SIGH-D results in a substantially improved level of agreement for most of the HDRS items.
NeurologyEvaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning
1,612 Citations1974Herman Buschke, Paula Altman Fuld
These new methods provide simultaneous analysis of storage, retention, and retrieval during verbal learning because they let the patient show learning by spontaneous retrieval without csnfounding by continual presentation.
Annals of NeurologyThe prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education
1,079 Citations1990Mingyuan Zhang, Robert Katzman +10 more
The findings indicate that the prevalence of dementia in Shanghai is very much higher than figures published earlier for China and Japan, and at the lower part of the range of values reported for community residents in the United States and other Western countries, but less than half of that reported in the recently published survey of the elderly in East Boston.
NeurologyPrevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population
530 Citations1991Laura Fratiglioni, M. Grut +8 more
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was confirmed as the most frequent type of dementia and the positive association of dementias with age, even in the most advanced ages, and no sex differences regarding the prevalence of different dementia types were found.
Annals of NeurologyInverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease
481 Citations1992Yaakov Stern, Gene E. Alexander +2 more
It is concluded that education or its covariates or both may provide a reserve that compensates for the neuropathological changes of AD and delays the onset of its clinical manifestations.
Archives of NeurologyDiagnosis of Dementia in a Heterogeneous Population
370 Citations1992Yaakov Stern
The findings suggest that the neuropsychological battery may have utility in the diagnosis of dementia, however, neuro psychological performance may be influenced by education, and some form of adjustment, such as correction for activities of daily living, may be required in epidemiological studies.
NeurologyWomen, myocardial infarction, and dementia in the very old
258 Citations1990M. K. Aronson, Wee Lock Ooi +7 more
A new finding is that history of myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with dementia, such that women with a history of MI were 5 times more prone to dementia than those without a history, which was not true for men.
NeurologyPrevalence of severe dementia in Finland
234 Citations1985Raimo Sulkava, J. Wikström +5 more
A sample of 8,000 subjects to represent the population of Finland aged 30 years and over was used to identify patients with severe dementia; 141 cases were found and primary degenerative dementia constituted 50% of all cases.
Journal of Chronic DiseasesMethodological issues in screening for dementia: The problem of education adjustment
198 Citations1986Steven J. Kittner, Lon R. White +6 more
Two education adjustment methods, a stratified regression method and a nonparametric method, which take the age-education correlation into account are described, compared, and illustrated.
NeurologyLack of association between Alzheimer's disease and education, occupation, marital status, or living arrangement
140 Citations1992C. Mary Beard, Emre Kokmen +2 more
There was little difference between cases and controls for educational attainment, marital status, type of dwelling, living arrangement, or occupation, and future attempts to identify etiologic risk factors for dementing illness should probably move toward other areas of research.
NeurologyEpidemiology, education, and the ecology of Alzheimer's disease
129 Citations1993Robert P. Friedland
Education was found to be protective against the development of AD in prevalence studies performed in Israell8; the Netherland; Shanghai7JoJ7; Sweden; Finland; Italy; and France, and the evidence supports the protective effect of education.
Revue NeurologiqueLe programme de recherche paquid sur l'épidémiologie de la démence méthodes et résultats initiaux
73 Citations1991J. F. Dartigues, Mathieu Gagnon +12 more
L'analyse transversale des donnees initialement recueillies en Gironde a montre une forte liaison inverse entre le niveau d'etudes and le risque de demence qui devra etre confirmee par le suivi de the cohorte.
Archives of Internal MedicineLipids, Vascular Disease, and Dementia With Advancing Age
17 Citations1991Peter Zimetbaum
There is now preliminary evidence from epidemiologic studies that relative elevations of levels of lipid and lipoprotein fractions in an elderly population might be associated with an independent and increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and possibly dementia.
The British Journal of Psychiatry1984 Year Book of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health. Edited by Daniel X. Freedman, John A. Talbott, Reginald S. Lourie, Herbert Y. Meltzer, John C. Nemiah and Herbert Weiner. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 1984. Pp 439. £34.50.
10 Citations1985Bernard Heine
