The Structure of Developmental Theory

The thesis that any theory is generated out of a matrix of philosophical values is explored and the epistemological rationalist approach to empirical scientific knowledge is compared and contrasted with the current knowledge building activities.

Abstract

This paper explores the thesis that any theory is generated out of a matrix of philosophical values. Evaluations of theories of development presuppose the acknowledgement that any theory emerges from an ontological and epistemological realist matrix, or, from an epistemological rationalist matrix. Theories are sets of propositions designed to explain some domain. The realist matrix leads to developmental theories that are particularistic, bottom up, inductive, and reductionistic. These theories accept only causal or antecedent factors as ultimately explanatory. Pattern explanations are viewed as reducible to such material explanations. The rationalist matrix leads to developmental theories that are universal, top down, retroductive, and holistic. These theories offer pattern explanations as primary non-reducible modes of explanation. Pattern-progressive explanations explain various levels of organization in the developmental series. Material explanations, within the rationalistic matrix, are understood as operating within the framework established by the pattern explanations. The epistemological rationalist approach to empirical scientific knowledge is compared and contrasted with the current knowledge building activities called hermeneutics and narrative knowing.