Mindfulness: a systematic review of instruments to measure an emergent patient-reported outcome (PRO)

Current mindfulness scales have important conceptual differences, and none can be strongly recommended based solely on superior psychometric properties, and investigators need to proceed cautiously before optimizing any mindfulness intervention based on the existing scales.

Abstract

Current mindfulness scales have important conceptual differences, and none can be strongly recommended based solely on superior psychometric properties. Important limitations in the field are the absence of qualitative evaluations and accepted external referents to support construct validity. Investigators need to proceed cautiously before optimizing any mindfulness intervention based on the existing scales.