GROUPKIT
Published 1 January 1992Open access
Mark Roseman, Saul Greenberg
Citations225
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The design is based on both the technical underpinnings necessary for real-time groupware, and on user-centered features identified by existing CSCW human factors work, and three strategies for building GROUPKIT's components are presented.
Abstract
This paper presents our approach to the design of groupware toolkits for real-time work, and how the design is instantiated in our toolkit, GROUPKIT. The design is based on both the technical underpinnings necessary for real-time groupware, and on user-centered features identified by existing CSCW human factors work. We also present three strategies for building GROUPKIT's components. First, an extendible, object-oriented run-time architecture supports managing distributed processes and the communication between them. Second, transparent overlays offer a convenient method for adding general components to various groupware applications, for example supporting gestures via multiple cursors and annotation via sketching.
Keywords
PsychologyComputer ScienceDecision Sciences
Communications of the ACMGroupware: some issues and experiences
2,749 Citations1991Clarence A. Ellis, Simon Gibbs +1 more
C categories and examples of groupware are described and some underlying research and development issues are discussed and GROVE, a novel group editor, is explained in some detail as a salient groupware example.
Communications of the ACMElectronic meeting systems
1,714 Citations1991Jay F. Nunamaker, Alan R. Dennis +3 more
International Journal of Man-Machine StudiesFindings from observational studies of collaborative work
580 Citations1991John Tang
Specific features of collaborative work activity that raise design implications for collaborative technology are identified: collaborators use hand gestures to uniquely communicate significant information; the process of creating and using drawings conveys much information not contained in the resulting drawings.
ACM Transactions on Information SystemsWYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces
547 Citations1987Mark Stefik, Daniel G. Bobrow +3 more
The design issues and choices that arose in the first generation of meeting tools based on WYSIWIS, a foundational abstraction for multiuser interfaces that expresses many of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face meetings, are presented.
Psychology Press eBooksPatterns of Contact and Communication in Scientific Research Collaborations
270 Citations2014Robert E. Kraut, Carmen Egido +1 more
Issues in the design of computer support for co-authoring and commenting
264 Citations1990Christine M. Neuwirth, David S. Kaufer +2 more
This paper reports on a project to develop a “work in preparation” editor, or PREP editor, to study co-authoring and commenting relationships and identifies three issues in designing computer support for co-authors and commenters.
MMConf: an infrastructure for building shared multimedia applications
247 Citations1990Terrence Crowley, P. M. Milazzo +3 more
This project focuses on applications that bring subject matter into a meeting, not on applications-such as voting or brainstorming tools-that aid the meeting process itself.
Rendezvous: an architecture for synchronous multi-user applications
194 Citations1990John F. Patterson, Ralph D. Hill +2 more
As a first test of the complete Rendezvous architecture, a multi-user card game will be implemented by the end of the summer to test the run-time architecture and the start-up architecture.
MMM
190 Citations1991Eric A. Bier, S. Freeman
The Multi-Device Multi-User Multi-Editor (MMM) project is developing a user interface and software architecture to support a new generation of editors specifically designed to be used by groups, including groups who share a single screen.
ACM Transactions on Information SystemsUnidraw: a framework for building domain-specific graphical editors
155 Citations1990John Vlissides, Mark Linton
The design, implementation issues, and three experimental domain specific editors developed with Unidraw are described: a drawing editor, a user interface builder, and a schematic capture system, indicating a substantial reduction in implementation time and effort compared with existing tools.
Personalizable groupware: Accommodating individual roles and group differences
139 Citations1991Saul Greenberg
The notion of personalizable groupware is proposed, defined as a system whose behaviour can be altered to match the particular needs of group participants and of each group as a whole.
Sharing views and interactions with single-user applications
118 Citations1990Saul Greenberg
The various roles and responsibilities of the view-sharing software that must be considered during its design and evaluation are discussed: view management, floor control, conference registration by participants, and handling of meta-level communications.
Commune: a shared drawing surface
115 Citations1990Sara Bly, Scott Minneman
The design of Commune makes marks and 2-dimensional cursor gestures visible simultaneously to all users, allows rapid transitions among drawing, writing, and gesturing, and provides a shared space with actions from multiple users occurring simultaneously.
Flexible user interface coupling in a collaborative system
105 Citations1991Prasun Dewan, Rajiv Choudhard
It is argued that a collaborative system must support flexible coupling, some of the issues in the design of SyS-tems supporting flexible coupling are identified, the approach to flexible coupling is described, and conclusions and directions for future work are presented.
Managing a trois
101 Citations1991Scott Minneman, Sara Bly
Observations suggest that drawing tools such as the one used by participants in a distributed design exercise may offer support for alternative forms of participation in collaborative work.
Replicated architectures for shared window systems: a critique
98 Citations1990J. C. Lauwers, Thomas Joseph +2 more
This paper shows that the most frequent synchronization problems can be solved without changing existing software and indicates how some of the limitations of the resulting system can be removed by making applications or system servers collaboration-aware.
Communications of the ACMPutting innovation to work
88 Citations1991Ellen Francik, Susan Ehrlich Rudman +2 more
Adoption strategies are needed to guide and accelerate the process of introducing appealing new technologies into the marketplace and finding productive uses for new systems takes time.
LIZA: an extensible groupware toolkit
84 Citations1989S. Gibbs
A definition of groupware is given and a model of group tools based on active objects is presented, applied to the design and implementation of an extensible groupware toolkit known as LIZA.
Unidraw: a framework for building domain-specific
82 Citations1989John Vlissides, Mark Linton
This paper presents Unidraw and three prototype domain-specific editors the authors have developed with it: a schematic capture system, a user interface builder, and a drawing editor that indicates a substantial reduction in implementation time and effort compared with existing tools.
Interacting with ComputersHuman and technical factors of distributed group drawing tools
74 Citations1992Saul Greenberg, Mark Roseman +2 more
This paper describes the human and technical factors that have been met and handled by researchers and implementors of group drawing tools, and summarizes empirically-derived design principles that are critical to building useful and usable collaborative drawing tools.
International Journal of Man-Machine StudiesPost-mechanistic groupware primitives: rhythms, boundaries and containers
57 Citations1991Peter Johnson-Lenz, Trudy Johnson-Lenz
The educational principles of purpose-centered groupware explored here potentially apply to any computer-supported group work and are an essential part of the necessary transition to a vital, sustainable culture.
Comparing the programming demands of single-user and multi-user applications
53 Citations1991John F. Patterson
It is argued that there are at least three dimensions of programming complexity that are differentially affected by the Programming of multi-user applications as compared to the programming of single- user applications.
International Journal of Man-Machine StudiesStructure and support in cooperative environments: the Amsterdam Conversation Environment
37 Citations1991Elizabeth A. Dykstra, Robert P. Carasik
An overall conceptual picture of what ACE does, how it feels, and how the user interface looks and works is created, which is called the “design image”.
North-Holland Publishing Co. eBooksConference Toolkit: A Framework for Real-Time Conferencing.
22 Citations1989Amedeo Bonfiglio, Giuseppe Malatesta +1 more
Conference Desk, a prototype based on the, Conference Toolkit model, is described, which allows both to integrate standard applications in a conference environment and to develop "conference aware" applications.
Psychology Press eBooksVisual Languages for Cooperation: A Performing Medium Approach to Systems for Cooperative Work
20 Citations2014Fred Lakin
PRISM (University of Calgary)GROUP SKETCH: A MULTI-USER SKETCHPAD FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY-DISTRIBUTED SMALL GROUPS
17 Citations1990Saul Greenberg, Ralph Bohnet
ACM SIGOIS BulletinSharing views and interactions with single-user applications
17 Citations1990Saul Greenberg
ACM SIGOIS BulletinReplicated architectures for shared window systems: a critique
10 Citations1990J. C. Lauwers, Thomas Joseph +2 more
Elsevier eBooksPUTTING INNOVATION TO WORK: ADOPTION STRATEGIES FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
6 Citations1995