Minimal Sleep to Maintain Performance: The Search for Sleep Quantum in Sustained Operations
Birkhäuser Boston eBooksPublished 1 January 1992
Paul Naitoh
Citations24
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The purpose of this chapter is to review some of the current research findings that have contributed to determining the minimal amount of sleep needed to maintain a high level of task performance for days, weeks, and even months.
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to review some of the current research findings that have contributed to determining the minimal amount of sleep needed to maintain a high level of task performance for days, weeks, and even months.
Keywords
Psychology
Archives of General PsychiatryShort and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills
655 Citations1979Daniel F. Kripke
Results do not prove that mortality could be reduced by altering sleep durations or by reducing hypnotic prescribing, but studies are needed to determine the causes of these mortality risk factors.
SLEEPEffect of Sleep Disruption on Sleep, Performance, and Mood
367 Citations1985Michael H. Bonnet
It was concluded that periodic disruption of sleep, perhaps by destroying sleep continuity, quickly results in impaired function and may help explain function loss in severe sleep apneics.
Choice Reviews OnlineWhy we sleep: the functions of sleep in humans and other mammals
254 Citations1988
Sleep deprivation physiological effects of sleep deprivation body restitution and sleep waking awareness, subsequent sleep and cerebral restitution core and optical sleep sleep in other mammals REM sleep is studied.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismEffects of a Prolonged 3-Hour Sleep-Wake Cycle on Sleep Stages, Plasma Cortisol, Growth Hormone and Body Temperature in Man*
234 Citations1974Elliot D. Weitzman, Christopher Nogeire +6 more
Despite significant sleep deprivation, a circadian pattern of total sleep time persisted throughout the 10-day ultradian condition and the distribution and amount of REM sleep time was most affected with stages 3–4 sleep least affected.
PsychophysiologyPerformance and Sleepiness as a Function of Frequency and Placement of Sleep Disruption
231 Citations1986Michael H. Bonnet
It was concluded that the data were most parsimoniously explained by the Sleep Continuity Theory—i.e., that periods of uninterrupted sleep in excess of 10 min are required for sleep to be restorative.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologySleep studies on a 90-minute day
195 Citations1975Mary A. Carskadon, William C. Dement
Compared to baseline, REM sleep 24 h was decreased in the normals and increased in the narcoleptic, and time spent in slow wave sleep and stage 2 was also reduced in the normal subjects on the 90-min schedule, and stage 1 sleep time was increased.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & ComputersAssessing performance upon abrupt awakening from naps during quasi-continuous operations
183 Citations1985David F. Dinges, Martin T. Orne +1 more
PsychophysiologyThe Effects of a Chronic Limitation of Sleep Length
168 Citations1974Wilse B. Webb, And H. W. Agnew
It is suggested that a chronic loss of sleep as much as 2 1/2 hours a night is not likely to result in major behavioral consequences and the mood scales showed no changes associated with continuing to sleep 5 1/5 hrs a night.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & ComputersEffects of sleep loss on sustained cognitive performance during a command and control simulation
150 Citations1985Robert G. Angus, Ronald J. Heslegrave
The research described here addresses the limitations of earlier studies by requiring and measuring performance on a continuous basis in a computerized laboratory environment that produces greater mood and performance decrements as a function of sleep loss than previous, less-demanding studies.
PsychophysiologyEffects of Exercise, Bedrest and Napping on Performance Decrement During 40 Hours
143 Citations1976Ardie Lubin, David J. Hord +2 more
It is suggested that exercise increases the impairment due to sleep loss, and naps reduce or remove this impairment.
Psychonomic SciencePerformance following a night of reduced sleep
140 Citations1966Robert T. Wilkinson, R. S. EDWARDS +1 more
PsychophysiologySleepiness and Sleep State on a 90‐Min Schedule
127 Citations1977Mary A. Carskadon, William C. Dement
Differences between pre- and post-sleep SSS scores were correlated with the sleep states: increased sleepiness was correlated with SWS and decreased sleepiness with REM sleep and with post- sleep SSS ratings and REM sleep.
PsychophysiologyPerformance and Mood During and After Gradual Sleep Reduction
122 Citations1977Joyce K. Friedmann, Gordon G. Globus +4 more
It was concluded that 6–8 months of gradual sleep restriction, down to 4.5–5.5 hrs per night, does not result in behavioral effects measurable by the instruments used, and subjective fatigue appears to be the limiting factor in determining tolerability of gradualSleep restriction.
PubMedFragmenting sleep diminishes its recuperative value.
114 Citations1987Brian J. Levine, T Roehrs +3 more
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyUltrashort sleep-waking schedule. I. Evidence of ultradian rhythmicity in ‘sleepability’
109 Citations1981Peretz Lavie, Andreas Scherson
Both REM deprivation and total sleep deprivation disrupted the 100 min periodicity in stage 1 and modified the distribution of stage 2 toward a bimodal rather than a unimodal distribution.
SLEEPPerformance During Frequent Sleep Disruption
108 Citations1987Ralph Downey, Michael H. Bonnet
Sleep stages (slow-wave sleep, SWS + REM (SWSR), and total sleep time minus stage 1 sleep) were poor predictors of performance changes across the 2 disruption nights, and arousal threshold was significantly positively correlated with response latency.
Biological PsychologyRelationship between sleep inertia and sleepiness: Cumulative effects of four nights of sleep disruption/restriction on performance following abrupt nocturnal awakening
100 Citations1988Thomas J. Balkin, Pietro Badia
ErgonomicsSleep loss, recovery sleep, and military performance
100 Citations1982By D. R. HASLAM
The results indicated that tasks with a vigilance and cognitive component began to deteriorate after one night without scheduled sleep, and block sleep had a marked beneficial effect upon performance.
PsychophysiologyThe Alerting Effects of Naps in Sleep‐Deprived Subjects
90 Citations1986Mark A. Lumley, Timothy Roehrs +3 more
Increased alertness was not strongly related to the sleep stage composition of the naps, the best predictor being minutes of slow wave sleep, and was not detected until the second latency test 4 hrs after napping.
PsychophysiologySleep Loss and Nap Effects on Sustained Continuous Performance
78 Citations1983Daniel J. Mullaney, Daniel F. Kripke +2 more
Time-of-day (circadian) effects were at times stronger than fatigue, and subjects permitted six 1-hr naps over the 42 hrs performed more successfully than those allowed no sleep.
PubMedAnchor sleep as a synchronizer of rhythms on abnormal routines.
76 Citations1981D S Minors, James Waterhouse
Irregular sleeping routines, whether as a single randomly-timed 8-hour sleep or as two randomly-arranged 4-hourSleep periods, were associated with free-running rhythms with periods greater than 24 hours, even though mealtimes continued to be taken as customary times of day.
Psychonomic SciencePerformance after awakening at different times of night
76 Citations1971Robert T. Wilkinson, M. Stretton
SLEEPFragmenting Sleep Diminishes Its Recuperative Value
74 Citations1987Brian Levine, Timothy Roehrs +3 more
The recuperative effects of naps fragmented by different rates of electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal were evaluated and natural sleep provided recuperation relative to no sleep or fragmented sleep, but it did not restore daytime sleepiness to the screening level.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyDynamics of nap sleep during a 40 hour period
73 Citations1975J. Moses, David J. Hord +3 more
The sleep of 8 adult males in equally space 1 h naps during a 40 h period was examined, demonstrating that the organization of sleep within a nap is quite different from that in monophasic nocturnal sleep.
PsychophysiologyThe Recuperative Effects of REM Sleep and Stage 4 Sleep on Human Performance After Complete Sleep Loss: Experiment 1
70 Citations1974Ardie Lubin, J. Moses +2 more
Depriving the S of stage REM or stage 4 during recovery sleep does not affect the recuperation rate and the amount of sleep is probably more important than the kind of sleep.
PsychophysiologySleep Efficiency for Sleep‐Wake Cycles of Varied Length
64 Citations1975Wilse B. Webb, H. W. Agnew
The primary variables which resulted in less efficient sleep were schedule differences in prior wakefulness, circadian effects on the displacement of sleep onset times, a sleep termination effect, and the frequency of occurrence of the allotted sleep periods.
PsychophysiologyInteraction of REM Deprivation and Stage 4 Deprivation With Total Sleep Loss: Experiment 2
57 Citations1974L. C. Johnson, Paul Naitoh +2 more
Ss who had no stage deprivation prior to 1 night of sleep loss had more impairment following sleep loss than did the Ss of this study, and there were no marked changes in any area following 3 nights of stage REM and stage 4 deprivation.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & ComputersCognitive performance during successive sustained physical work episodes
49 Citations1985Carl E. Englund, David H. Ryman +2 more
ErgonomicsInfluence of back angle on the quality of sleep in seats
42 Citations1987A. N. Nicholson, Barbara M. Stone
It would appear that adequate sleep may be obtained in seats as long as the back angle with the vertical approaches 40°, but in the reclining seat the duration of sleep was reduced and the amount of awake activity was increased.
Napping and Human Functioning during Prolonged Work
42 Citations1987Paul Naitoh, Robert G. Angus
Naps are shown not only to refresh and restore human functioning, but also to maintain performance and mood during a prolonged work period, as a counter-degradation measure.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyA Comparison of Continuous and Distributed Reduced Sleep Schedules
39 Citations1974L. R. Hartley
Overall performance was rather better following distributed than following continuous reduced sleep, but rather worse than following 8 h of sleep, which reflected the difference in time since the two groups had last slept.
Work & StressPolyphasic sleep strategies improve prolonged sustained performance: A field study on 99 sailors
35 Citations1989Claudio Stampi
ErgonomicsNight shift paralysis in air traffic control officers
30 Citations1987Simon Folkard, R. Condon
The incidence of a temporary but incapacitating paralysis known as ‘night shift paralysis’ appeared to be a special form of sleep paralysis that occurs when night workers manage to maintain a state of wakefulness despite considerable pressures to sleep.
PsychophysiologyEffects of Experimentally‐Induced Sleep Fragmentation on Sleep and Sleepiness
30 Citations1987Jon Magee, John Harsh +1 more
It was concluded that the most parsimonious explanation of these results is (he Continuity of Sleep hypothesis).
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & ComputersExperiments on extended performance: Repetition, age, and limited sleep periods
20 Citations1985Wilse B. Webb
Psychological ReportsSleep in Industrialized Settings in the Northern Hemisphere
13 Citations1985Wilse B. Webb
An analysis of the data on sleep patterns indicates a common sleep demand averaging about 8 hours, however, this demand shows wide individual differences and is responsive to site and employment conditions.
PsychophysiologyThirty‐Six Hour Correspondence Between Performance and Sleepiness Cycles
13 Citations1987Peretz Lavie, D. Gophe +1 more
Results support a theory that the performance and sleep wake cycles are not causally related but rather, may be regulated independently, and support the idea that rhythmicity in performance efficiency and sleepiness are regulated independently.
PsycEXTRA DatasetSleep Management In Sustained Operations User's Guide
12 Citations1986Paul Naitoh, Carl E. Englund +1 more
Journal of Experimental PsychologyThe comparative value of continuous versus interrupted sleep.
11 Citations1935Richard Wellington Husband
The subject suffered no ill consequences at all from the slight reduction of sleep and the complete change in normal sleep habits, and all indications are in one direction.
ErgonomicsSleeping on the job: the use of anecdotes for recording rare but serious events
10 Citations1987Alexander Wedderburn
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooksUltrashort Sleep-Wake Cycles During Single-handed Transatlantic Races
2 Citations1985Claudio Stampi
Short and ultrashort schedules of sleep and wakefulness, which provide subjects with multiple sleep opportunities throughout the 24 hours, have demonstrated that in laboratory situations adult humans are able to adapt without notable difficulties to sleep/waking patterns.