Disclosing and sharing emotion: Psychological, social, and health consequences.
American Psychological Association eBooksPublished 1 January 2001
James W. Pennebaker, Emmanuelle Zech, Bernard Rimé
Citations305
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
Discusses how people naturally talk about—and sometimes avoid talking about—emotional events. The chapter attempts to sort out some of the complexities of social sharing and disclosure. The authors begin by reviewing the findings on social sharing of emotion. Next they focus on disclosure interventions that have been effective in improving health. The authors conclude with specific issues surrounding social sharing and disclosure and bereavement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords
Psychology
Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma
3,357 Citations1992Ronnie Janoff‐Bulman
Psychological ReviewHealth complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.
2,998 Citations1989David Watson, James W. Pennebaker
Results demonstrate the importance of including different types of health measures in health psychology research, and indicate that self-report health measures reflect a pervasive mood disposition of negative affectivity (NA), which will act as a general nuisance factor in health research.
Psychological ScienceWriting About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process
2,473 Citations1997James W. Pennebaker
ScienceBiological Bases of Childhood Shyness
1,587 Citations1988Jerome Kagan, J. Steven Reznick +1 more
The group differences in peripheral physiological reactions suggest that inherited variation in the threshold of arousal in selected limbic sites may contribute to shyness in childhood and even extreme degrees of social avoidance in adults.
Psychological BulletinSelf-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review.
1,541 Citations1994Nancy L. Collins, Lynn C. Miller
Results suggest that various disclosure-liking effects can be integrated and viewed as operating together within a dynamic interpersonal system.
Disorders of Affect Regulation: Alexithymia in Medical and Psychiatric Illness
1,406 Citations1997Graeme J. Taylor, R. Michael Bagby +2 more
The development and regulation of affects Graeme Taylor, Michael Bagby and James Parker, and the neurobiology of emotion, affect regulation and alexithymia are discussed.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyWritten emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables.
1,047 Citations1998Joshua M. Smyth
This writing task was found to lead to significantly improved health outcomes in healthy participants and was enhanced in 4 outcome types--reported physical health, psychological well-being, physiological functioning, and general functioning--but health behaviors were not influenced.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyThe myths of coping with loss.
853 Citations1989Camille B. Wortman, Roxane Cohen Silver
It is maintained that mistaken assumptions held about the process of coping with loss fail to acknowledge the variability that exists in response to loss, and may lead others to respond to those who have endured loss in ways that are unhelpful.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyLinguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement.
802 Citations1997James W. Pennebaker, Tracy J. Mayne +1 more
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyAttributions of blame and coping in the "real world": Severe accident victims react to their lot.
797 Citations1977Ronnie Janoff -Bulman, Camille B. Wortman
Advances in experimental social psychologyConfession, Inhibition, and Disease
736 Citations1989James W. Pennebaker
It is clear that requiring people to write or talk about traumas is associated with both immediate and long-term health benefits.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyReligion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child.
577 Citations1993Daniel N. McIntosh, Roxane Cohen Silver +1 more
Religious participation and importance were indirectly related to greater well-being and less distress among parents 18 months after their infants' deaths and suggest that further study of the social and cognitive aspects of religion would be profitable.
Cognition & EmotionBeyond the emotional event: Six studies on the social sharing of emotion
565 Citations1991Bernard Rimé, Batja Mesquita +2 more
Social Science & MedicineDisclosure of traumas and psychosomatic processes
559 Citations1988James W. Pennebaker, Joan R. Susman
Results from a series of studies are summarized in support of a general theory of inhibition and psychosomatics, suggesting childhood traumatic experiences, particularly those never discussed, are highly correlated with current health problems and ruminations about the traumas.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyLong-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash.
481 Citations1987Darrin R. Lehman, Camille B. Wortman +1 more
The data provide little support for traditional notions of recovery from the sudden, unexpected loss of a spouse or child, and significant differences between bereaved spouses and controls revealed on several indicators of general functioning.
European Review of Social PsychologySocial Sharing of Emotion: New Evidence and New Questions
464 Citations1998Bernard Rimé, Catrin Finkenauer +3 more
Advances in experimental social psychologyA Perceptual-Motor Theory of Emotion
407 Citations1984Howard Leventhal
Academy of Management JournalEXPRESSIVE WRITING AND COPING WITH JOB LOSS.
384 Citations1994Stefanie P. Spera, Eric D. Buhrfeind +1 more
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyFacial expressions of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement.
311 Citations1997George A. Bonanno, Dacher Keltner
Health PsychologyElevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity.
309 Citations1996Steve W. Cole, Margaret E. Kemeny +2 more
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyWhen avoiding unpleasant emotions might not be such a bad thing: Verbal^autonomic response dissociation and midlife conjugal bereavement.
301 Citations1995George A. Bonanno, Dacher Keltner +2 more
Emotional avoidance was measured 6 months after a conjugal loss as negative verbal-autonomic response dissociation as well as a contrasting adaptive hypothesis and negative dissociation scores were linked to initially high levels of somatic symptoms, which dropped to a low level by 14 months.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyEmotional disclosure about traumas and its relation to health: Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity.
300 Citations1992Melanie A. Greenberg, Arthur A. Stone
Results suggest that health benefits occur when severe traumas are disclosed, regardless of whether previous disclosure has occurred.
European Review of Social PsychologyLong-lasting Cognitive and Social Consequences of Emotion: Social Sharing and Rumination
298 Citations1992Bernard Rimé, Pierre Philippot +2 more
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyEmotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers.
276 Citations1994Brian A. Esterling, Michael H. Antoni +3 more
European Journal of Social PsychologyExposure to the social sharing of emotion: Emotional impact, listener responses and secondary social sharing
188 Citations1997Véronique Christophe, Bernard Rimé
“I Have to Talk to Somebody”
172 Citations1987William B. Stiles
Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologySocially Shared Emotional Experiences Vs. Emotional Experiences Kept Secret: Differential Characteristics and Consequences
167 Citations1998Catrin Finkenauer, Bernard Rimé
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyDoes "grief work" work?
162 Citations1991Margaret Stroebe, Wolfgang Stroebe
British Journal of Clinical PsychologyIntervention for the bereaved: Gender differences in the efficacy of two counselling programmes
158 Citations1997Henk Schut, Margaret Stroebe +2 more
Investigation of emotion-focused versus problem-focused intervention for widowers and widowers who were suffering elevated levels of distress 11 months after their loss supported the second hypothesis: widowers benefited more from emotion- focused, widows from problem- focused interventions.
Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologyCognitive and Emotional Changes in Written Essays and Therapy Interviews
154 Citations1991Daniel A. Donnelly, Edward J. Murray
Psychosomatic MedicineCynical hostility and cardiovascular reactivity during self-disclosure.
150 Citations1993Alan J. Christensen, Timothy W. Smith
Among subjects participating in the self‐disclosure discussion task, hostile individuals displayed significantly greater blood pressure reactivity compared with subjects low in hostility, support the psychophysiological reactivity model of hostility and health, and underscore the potential importance of social context in the psychosomatic process.
Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologyEmotional Expression in Written Essays and Psychotherapy
131 Citations1989Edward J. Murray, Alisa Lamnin +1 more
Journal of Traumatic StressEmotional processing in vocal and written expression of feelings about traumatic experiences
121 Citations1994Edward J. Murray, Daniel L. Segal
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchChanges in cognitive coping strategies predict EBV-antibody titre change following a stressor disclosure induction
90 Citations1994Susan K. Lutgendorf, Michael H. Antoni +2 more
Individual differences in subjects' ability to involve themselves in the disclosure process and abandon their avoidance of the stressful tropic during the course of the 3-wk period were predictive of antibody decrements, and were more pronounced for individuals who disclosed older and more troublesome events.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaFAMILY RESPONSE TO LOSS OF A CHILD BY SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
84 Citations1977Joanne Cornwell, Barry Nurcombe +1 more
The parents' perceptions of intervention are discussed, and recommendations are made about how best to help such families after their loss of an infant by sudden infant death syndrome.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologySocial schemata of peripheral changes in emotion.
81 Citations1990Bernard Rimé, Pierre Philippot +1 more
The data suggest that people can directly access schemata about peripheral changes in emotion, people are likely to do so when they believe to be reporting actual memories of such changes, and the specific patterns revealed by past research may reflect prototypical knowledge of emotion.
Journal of Health PsychologyKeeping Emotional Memories Secret
71 Citations1998Catrin Finkenauer, Bernard Rimé
Contrary to the prediction, emotional secrecy affected life satisfaction but indirectly through the mediating influence of physical health, which was not explained by NA, which contributed independently to physical health.
Journal of Research in PersonalityPredicting Cognitive and Social Consequences of Emotional Episodes: The Contribution of Emotional Intensity, the Five Factor Model, and Alexithymia
68 Citations2000Olivier Luminet, Emmanuelle Zech +2 more
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyInterpersonal ambivalence, perceived relationship adjustment, and conjugal loss.
55 Citations1998George A. Bonanno, Clifford I. Notarius +3 more
A measure of ambivalence based on an algorithmic combination of separate positive and negative evaluations of one's spouse found that Bereaved participants, relative to a nonbereaved comparison sample, recollected their relationships as better adjusted but were more ambivalent.
