Discovery of breast changes

This was a retrospective descriptive study that examined the responses to the discovery of breast symptoms in women with breast cancer and found that there was a significant relationship found between older age and extended delay.

Abstract

This was a retrospective descriptive study that examined the responses to the discovery of breast symptoms in women with breast cancer. All women were recruited from the American Cancer Society's Reach to Recovery program after having mastectomy for primary breast cancer. Interviews occurred in the homes of participants following a semistructured questionnaire. Sessions were tape-recorded and later transcribed. Seventy-five percent (15) of the women had self-discovered breast symptoms that included breast lumps, nipple retraction, nipple secretion, and unusual sensation. The symptoms of the remaining five women were other-discovered (three by physicians, one breast screening clinic, and one granddaughter). Responses to the discovery were categorized as "early help-seeking," "wait and see," "ignoring symptoms," and "preparation for death." The delay time between the discovery and first seeking professional help ranged from less than 1 week to over 7 years. There was additional treatment delay ranging from approximately 6 months to over 1 year for four of the women. There was a significant relationship found between older age and extended delay. No relationship was found between delay and personal knowledge of cancer effects or reported nodal involvement. There was also no relationship found between age and nodal involvement. Nursing implications and strategies are discussed.