SleepServer: a software-only approach for reducing the energy consumption of PCs within enterprise environments
USENIX Annual Technical ConferencePublished 23 June 2010
Yuvraj Agarwal, Stefan Savage, Rajesh K. Gupta
Citations117
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TL;DR
The transtympanic microendoscopic approach can be utilized for cochlear drug delivery through the RWM and enabled visualization of the R WM in all specimens, whereas the tran Stympanic microscopic approach only permitted visualization in three specimens.
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in cochlear drug delivery through the round window membrane (RWM). However, placing drugs on the RWM is difficult because of anatomical barriers. We examined the efficacy of a microendoscope for a transtympanic approach to the RWM. We evaluated the visibility of the RWM using four approaches: transtympanic microendoscopic, transtympanic microscopic, transmastoid microendoscopic, and transmastoid microscopic in ten human temporal bones. For the transtympanic approach, we made a fenestration (2 x 1 mm) in the postero-inferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane. For the transmastoid approach, conventional posterior hypotympanotomy was performed. The transtympanic microendoscopic approach enabled visualization of the RWM in all specimens, whereas the transtympanic microscopic approach only permitted visualization in three specimens. Through the transmastoid approach, the RWM was visible in all specimens using either a microendoscope or a microscope. The transtympanic microendoscopic approach can be utilized for cochlear drug delivery through the RWM.
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Computer ScienceEngineering
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