Pharmacological and Psychological Determinants of Smoking
Annals of Internal MedicinePublished 1 January 1978
Stanley Schachter
Citations201
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.38
SNIP3.27
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Research indicates that smokers regulate nicotine intake and that variations in smoking rate that customarily have been interpreted in psychological terms are better understood as attempts to regulate nicotine.
Abstract
Arguments for and against low-nicotine cigarettes are examined by considering evidence relevant to the gratification of smoking and to nicotine as an addicting agent. A variety of studies indicates that smokers regulate nicotine intake and that variations in smoking rate that customarily have been interpreted in psychological terms are better understood as attempts to regulate nicotine. These findings bring into question the justification for the low-nicotine cigarette campaign.
Keywords
Medicine
NatureCigarette Smoking and Plasma Levels of Nicotine
258 Citations1972P.F. Isaac, M. J. Rand
Improved the method by using the newly developed alkali flame ionization detector6 (AFID) with the gas-liquid chromatograph (GLC) so that it is sensitive to 1 ng/ml of nicotine in a 2.5 ml.
Environmental Research“Tar” and nicotine content of cigarette smoke in relation to death rates
147 Citations1976Edward Hammond, Lawrence Garfinkel +2 more
In this analysis, cigarette smokers were classified by the amount of tar and nicotine delivered by the brand they usually smoked at the start of each of two 6-year periods, and the death rates of subjects who smoked “low” tar-nicotine cigarettes were far higher than thedeath rates of Subjects who never smoked regularly.
BMJPuffing Frequency and Nicotine Intake in Cigarette Smokers
141 Citations1970H. Ashton, Daniella Watson
The smoking behaviour of 36 subjects smoking cigarettes with different filter retention efficiencies for nicotine was studied and results are compatible with the possibility that smokers automatically adjust the nicotine dose obtained from a cigarette to some “optimum” level which may vary with different activities.
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsThe role of nicotine as a determinant of cigarette smoking frequency in man with observations of certain cardiovascular effects associated with the tobacco alkaloid
136 Citations1967Benedict R. Lucchesi, C. R. Schuster +1 more
Recordings of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the "Ocardiogram indicate that the physiological alterations in these parameters produced by smoking can be reproduced by parenteral nicotine.
BMJComparison of Effect on Tobacco Consumption and Carbon Monoxide Absorption of Changing to High and Low Nicotine Cigarettes
107 Citations1973Michael A. Russell, Caroline Wilson +3 more
The findings support the view that smoking behaviour is modified to regulate nicotine intake, and the least harmful cigarettes for heavy smokers may be those with a high, rather than low, nicotine yield.
NatureEnzyme Induction in Man caused by Smoking
103 Citations1967A H Beckett, E. J. Triggs
The induced enzyme metabolism of nicotine in man by tobacco smoking is reported and many compounds have been listed which induce microsomal oxidizing enzymes in rats, and phenobarbital has been shown to stimulate the metabolism of the anti-coagulant coumarin in man.
The LancetREALISTIC GOALS FOR SMOKING AND HEALTH A CASE FOR SAFER SMOKING
92 Citations1974Michael A. Russell
It is argued that the carbon monoxide yield of cigarette brands should be added to the official tar and nicotine tables and that the safer cigarette is likely to be the one with low tar and CO yields but a high, rather than low, nicotine yield.
PsychopharmacologyThe effect of varying the nicotine content of cigarettes on human smoking behaviour
78 Citations1971Chris Frith
It was found that the larger the content of nicotine in the cigarettes offered the smaller was the number smoked during the 8-h period, and the more nicotine there was in a cigarette the longer a subject took to smoke it.
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsInhibition of cigarette smoking by orally administered nicotine
70 Citations1970Murray E. Jarvik, S.D. Glick +1 more
Nicotine administration was found to produce a small but significant decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked in volunteers smoking cigarettes ad libitum.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteSmoking Habits of Men and Women
66 Citations1961Edward Hammond, Lawrence Garfinkel
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsNicotine regulation and cigarette smoking
61 Citations1975Lynn T. Kozlowski, Murray E. Jarvik +1 more
Tar levels, which often covary with nicotine manipulations, were controlled for by the use of nicotine in chewing gums and nicotine in cigarettes was also used for preloading.
PsychopharmacologyCigarette nicotine content as a determinant of human smoking behavior
48 Citations1970T. L. Goldfarb, Murray E. Jarvik +1 more
The smoking that did occur in the absence of both tobacco and nicotine indicates that the habit itself often exhibits functional autonomy from the physiological effects of nicotine.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteChanges in Cigarette Smoking
36 Citations1964Sc.D. E. Cuyler Hammond, Lawrence Garfinkel
NatureSignificance of Smoking in Investigations of Urinary Excretion Rates of Amines in Man
33 Citations1965A H Beckett, M Rowland +1 more
In smokers, large differences were observed in the ‘apparent amphetamine’ content of the urine determined by a methyl orange complexing method, and the amphetamine content determined by gas–liquid chromatography1.