De novo production of α2-macroglobulin in cultured astroglia from rat brain
Molecular Brain ResearchPublished 1 January 1992
Shigeharu Saitoh, Noboru Iijima, Masa‐Aki Ikeda, Kazuyuki Nakajima, Minoru Kimura, Motoya Katsuki
Citations26
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
It was concluded thatalpha 2M is produced in the cultured astroglia which is the major source of alpha 2M production among various types of cells in rat brain.
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is one of the neurite-promoting factors in the conditioned medium of astroglia. In the present study, we further examined the de novo production of alpha 2M in cultured astroglia by determining the expression of alpha 2M mRNA, and the biosynthesis of [35S]methionine-labeled alpha 2M protein. We analyzed the mRNA of cultured astroglia by differential hybridization using specific probes to alpha 2M and its homologous protein, alpha 1-inhibitor 3 (alpha 1I3), after amplification of reverse-transcribed cDNA with the polymerase chain reaction. The result clearly showed that only alpha 2M mRNA is expressed in cultured astroglia. Northern blotting analysis revealed that alpha 2M mRNA is expressed mainly in the astroglia and is not detected in neurons, microglia and meningeal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of alpha 2M protein in the astroglia was confirmed by an immunoprecipitation experiment after labeling of each type of cell with [35S]methionine. It was concluded that alpha 2M is produced in the cultured astroglia which is the major source of alpha 2M production among various types of cells in rat brain.
Keywords
NeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
BiochemistryIsolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease
22,203 Citations1979John M. Chirgwin, Alan Przybyla +2 more
Intact ribonucleic acid has been prepared from tissues rich in ribonuclease such as the rat pancreas by efficient homogenization in a 4 M solution of the potent protein denaturant guanidinium thiocyanate plus 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol to break protein disulfide bonds.
The Journal of Cell BiologyPreparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue.
3,879 Citations1980Ken D. McCarthy, Jean de Vellis
These preparations should significantly aid in efforts to examine the biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology of these two major classes of central nervous system cells.
BiochemistryRibonucleic acid isolated by cesium chloride centrifugation
2,207 Citations1974Vladimir Glišin, Radomir Crkvenjakov +1 more
Journal of Molecular BiologyPolypeptides of the tail fibres of bacteriophage T4
957 Citations1971Jonathan King, Ulrich K. Laemmli
The products of four of the six genes involved in bacteriophage T4 tail fibre assembly by sodium dodecyl sulphate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of tail fibre mutant lysates and particles purified from them are identified, allowing the formulation in greater detail of the early stages of the fibre assembly pathway.
European Journal of ImmunologyOn the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases
687 Citations1989Karl Frei, Ursula Malipiero +4 more
IL 6 induced an increase of the secretion of a neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor by astrocytes, which may be part of the host response to infection favoring immune‐mediated elimination of the infectious agent as well as trophic support for neurons.
ScienceTrophic Interactions Between Astroglial Cells and Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
677 Citations1980Gary Banker
Astroglial cells in primary culture release factors into the medium that promote the growth and prolong the survival of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.
Developmental Brain ResearchImmunohistochemical studies on the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins following brain injury in rats
279 Citations1988Yoshiaki Takamiya, Shinichi Kohsaka +3 more
From results, it was suggested that astrocytes in the molecular layer of the cortex and the white matter adjacent to the lesion proliferated in response to the injury and expressed vimentin transiently, then acquired GFAP, and that astrosciences in the IInd to VIth layers of the cerebral cortex became reactive astroCytes without mitosis.
The Journal of Cell BiologyDistinct molecular interactions mediate neuronal process outgrowth on non-neuronal cell surfaces and extracellular matrices.
239 Citations1986K J Tomaselli, Louis F. Reichardt +1 more
Results provide evidence for at least two types of neuronal interactions with cells that promote neurite outgrowth, mediated through detergent- extractable macromolecules present on non-neuronal cell surfaces and different, uncharacterized receptor(s) on neurons.
Immunology TodayInteractions between cytokines and α2-macroglobulin
238 Citations1990Keith James
The interaction between alpha 2-macroglobulin and a number of cytokines has recently come under scrutiny, revealing a new and potentially important mechanism for the modulation of cytokine activity, while in the following paper a modulatory role for anti-cytokine antibodies is considered.
The Journal of Cell BiologyPreferential outgrowth of central nervous system neurites on astrocytes and Schwann cells as compared with nonglial cells in vitro.
231 Citations1985JR Fallon
These experiments strongly suggest that molecules specific to the surfaces of astrocytes make these cells particularly attractive substrates for CNS neurite outgrowth, and they raise the possibility that similar molecules on embryonic glial cells may play a role in guiding axonal growth during normal CNS development.
Journal of Biological ChemistrySequence of rat liver alpha 2-macroglobulin and acute phase control of its messenger RNA.
181 Citations1987Chris Gehring, Brian Shiels +6 more
The results suggest that the accummulation of alpha 2M mRNA is due to the combined effects of increased transcription rates and post-transcriptional processing.
Journal of Biological ChemistryThree high molecular weight protease inhibitors of rat plasma. Isolation, characterization, and acute phase changes.
111 Citations1987K. Lonberg-Holm, Donna Reed +4 more
In rats with adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, the concentration of alpha 1I3 dramatically decreases and alpha 2M appears and continues to increase in a biphasic manner for 2 weeks, while the alpha 1M concentration remains relatively constant.
Biomedical Research<b>Inhibitory effect of peripheral myelin P2 protein on the proliferation of a tumor cell </b><b>line </b>
85 Citations1989Kimio Akagawa, Keiichi Uyemura
It is reported that bovine myelin P2 protein, a member of the lipid-binding protein family, also inhibits the tumor cell growth, adding further support to the possibility described above.
Journal of Neurochemistry<i>α</i><sub>2</sub>‐Macroglobulin Synthesis in an Astrocyte Subpopulation
60 Citations1987Peter J. Gebicke‐Haerter, Joachim Bauer +2 more
It is shown that astroglial cells cultured from newborn rat brain synthesize and secrete alpha 2-M, an acute phase protein in the adult rat, and its synthesis markedly increases with time in culture.
Brain Researchα2-Macroglobulin is an astroglia-derived neurite-promoting factor for cultured neurons from rat central nervous system
43 Citations1990Toshio Mori, Noboru Iijima +2 more
The neurite promoting factors in the astroglial conditioned medium (As-CM) were characterized by using primary cultures of embryonic rat neocortical neurons and alpha 2M is strongly suggested to be one of the neurite-promoting factors.
The EMBO JournalAlpha 2‐macroglobulin gene expression during rat development studied by in situ hybridization.
31 Citations1986V. Kodelja, Michael Heisig +3 more
The sites of alpha 2‐macroglobulin mRNA synthesis during rat development have been localized by in situ hybridization using a rat alpha 2-macrogLobulin cDNA probe using a rats' fetal liver as a major site.
Journal of Biological ChemistryMolecular cloning of DNA complementary to rat alpha 2-macroglobulin mRNA.
29 Citations1985Kazuhiro Hayashida, H Okubo +5 more
It is demonstrated that the level of alpha 2M mRNA in the liver of inflamed animal markedly increased up to 1000-fold, and the cDNA clone was used as a probe to demonstrate this increase.
Journal of NeurochemistryIdentification of Meningeal Cell Released Neurite Promoting Activities for Embryonic Hippocampal Neurons
28 Citations1991H. Peter Matthiessen, Corinne Schmalenbach +1 more
Primary cultures of meningeal cells from embryonic rat cerebra secrete neurite growth‐inducing components into serum‐free culture medium and were identified as laminin (LN)‐proteoglycan complexes and fibronectin (FN), respectively, as the major neurite promoting components withinMeningeal cell CM.
Journal of NeurochemistryImmunohistochemical Localization of 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphodiesterase and Myelin Basic Protein in the Chick Retina
26 Citations1983Shinichi Kohsaka, Yozo Nishimura +3 more
Electron microscopic immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that the myelin‐like neural sheaths in the optic nerve fiber layer were clearly stained by both antisera, whereas the membranes of the Müller cell were not stained.
Neuroscience LettersSubcultured astrocytes suppress the proliferation of neuroblasts in vitro
20 Citations1986Kazunari Yoshida, Shinichi Kohsaka +5 more
It is suggested that astrocytes enhance the maturation of neuroblasts possibly via either cell-cell contact or trophic substances.