Synaptic tagging — who's it?
Nature reviews. NeurosciencePublished 1 October 2002
Kelsey C. Martin, Kenneth S. Kosik
Citations215
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score9.33
SNIP5.31
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
A synaptic tag transiently marks a synapse after activation in a way that allows the local recognition of transcriptional products to effect an enduring change in transmission efficiency.
Abstract
A synaptic tag transiently marks a synapse after activation in a way that allows the local recognition of transcriptional products to effect an enduring change in transmission efficiency. The idea of the synaptic tag as a single molecule might be misguided; instead, a process such as activation of local translation or cytoskeletal reorganization could mark a synapse. A change of this nature might be modulated directly or indirectly by transcriptional products that, for example, modulate translational activity, mRNA stability or protein degradation, or are ensconced in a cytoskeletal configuration, and thereby lead to long-term changes in synaptic strength.
Keywords
Materials ScienceNeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Nature reviews. NeuroscienceThe molecular basis of CaMKII function in synaptic and behavioural memory
1,857 Citations2002John Lisman, Howard Schulman +1 more
Genetic mutations that prevent persistent activation of CaMKII block LTP, experience-dependent plasticity and behavioural memory, making this kinase a leading candidate in the search for the molecular basis of memory.
NatureSynaptic tagging and long-term potentiation
1,757 Citations1997Uwe Frey, Richard Morris
It is shown that weak tetanic stimulation, which ordinarily leads only to early LTP, or repeated tetanization in the presence of protein-Synthesis inhibitors, each results in protein-synthesis-dependent late LTP; this indicates that the persistence of LTP depends not only on local events during its induction, but also on the prior activity of the neuron.
NatureDendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity
1,707 Citations1999Florian Engert, Tobias Bonhoeffer
After induction of long-lasting (but not short-lasting) functional enhancement of synapses in area CA1, new spines appear on the postsynaptic dendrite, whereas in control regions on the same dendrites or in slices where long-term potentiation was blocked, no significant spine growth occurred.
CellmicroRNAs
1,706 Citations2001Victor Ambros
Animal genomes contain an abundance of small genes that produce regulatory RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length, and these microRNAs are diverse in sequence and expression patterns, suggesting that they may participate in a wide range of genetic regulatory pathways.
NeuronCa2+ Influx Regulates BDNF Transcription by a CREB Family Transcription Factor-Dependent Mechanism
1,557 Citations1998Tao Xu, Steven Finkbeiner +3 more
The findings suggest that a CREB family member acts cooperatively with an additional transcription factor(s) to regulate BDNF transcription, and concludes that the BDNF gene is aCREB family target whose protein product functions at synapses to control adaptive neuronal responses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesHippocampal long-term potentiation is impaired in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
1,421 Citations1995Martin Körte, Patrick Carroll +4 more
It is suggested that BDNF might have a functional role in the expression of LTP in the hippocampus, and the magnitude of the potentiation, as well as the percentage of cases in which LTP could be induced successfully, was clearly affected.
ScienceLong-Lasting Neurotrophin-Induced Enhancement of Synaptic Transmission in the Adult Hippocampus
1,354 Citations1995Hyejin Kang, Erin M. Schuman
Long-term potentiation could still be elicited in slices previously potentiated by exposure to the neurotrophic factors, which implies that these two forms of plasticity may use at least partially independent cellular mechanisms.
ScienceRapid Spine Delivery and Redistribution of AMPA Receptors After Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activation
1,268 Citations1999Song‐Hai Shi, Yasunori Hayashi +5 more
Tetanic synaptic stimulation induced a rapid delivery of tagged receptors into dendritic spines as well as clusters in dendrites and may contribute to the enhanced AMPA receptor-mediated transmission observed during long-term potentiation and activity-dependent synaptic maturation.
ScienceRapid Dendritic Morphogenesis in CA1 Hippocampal Dendrites Induced by Synaptic Activity
1,177 Citations1999Mirjana Maletić‐Savatić, Roberto Malinow +1 more
High-frequency focal synaptic stimulation induced a period of enhanced growth of small filopodia-like protrusions in dendritic regions close to the stimulating electrode and was prevented by blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
ScienceA Requirement for Local Protein Synthesis in Neurotrophin-Induced Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity
983 Citations1996Hyejin Kang, Erin M. Schuman
Two neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), are able to produce a long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, allowing synapses to exert local control over the complement of proteins expressed at individual synaptic sites.
NatureLTP promotes formation of multiple spine synapses between a single axon terminal and a dendrite
962 Citations1999Nicolas Toni, Pierre‐Alain Buchs +3 more
ScienceRole for Rapid Dendritic Protein Synthesis in Hippocampal mGluR-Dependent Long-Term Depression
944 Citations2000Kimberly M. Huber, Matthew S. Kayser +1 more
Local postsynaptic protein synthesis, triggered by synaptic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, was found to modify synaptic transmission within minutes.
Annual Review of PhysiologyStructural Changes Accompanying Memory Storage
857 Citations1993Craig H. Bailey, Eric R. Kandel
The recent evidence for structural changes in learning is considered by considering the structural changes that accompany long-term memory and how they compare with the de novo synapse formation and synaptic pruning that occur during development.
NeuronSynaptic Activation Causes the mRNA for the IEG Arc to Localize Selectively near Activated Postsynaptic Sites on Dendrites
826 Citations1998Oswald Steward, Christopher S. Wallace +2 more
It is reported that high frequency activation of the perforant path projections to the dentate gyrus causes newly synthesized mRNA for the immediate-early gene (IEG) Arc to localize selectively in activated dendritic segments.
NeuronChemotropic Responses of Retinal Growth Cones Mediated by Rapid Local Protein Synthesis and Degradation
776 Citations2001Douglas S. Campbell, Christine E. Holt
The results suggest that guidance molecules steer axon growth by triggering rapid local changes in protein levels in growth cones by activating translation initiation factors and stimulating a marked rise in protein synthesis within minutes, while netrin-1 and LPA elicit similar rises in ubiquitin-protein conjugates.
NaturePotentiation of developing neuromuscular synapses by the neurotrophins NT-3 and BDNF
754 Citations1993Ann M. Lohof, Nancy Y. Ip +1 more
Reports that acute exposure to neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)5, but not nerve growth factor (NGF)6, rapidly potentiates the spontaneous and impulse-evoked synaptic activity of developing neuromuscular synapses in culture provide evidence for the regulation of the function of developing synapses by neurotrophins.
CellSynapse-Specific, Long-Term Facilitation of Aplysia Sensory to Motor Synapses: A Function for Local Protein Synthesis in Memory Storage
740 Citations1997Kelsey C. Martin, Andrea Casadio +6 more
By perfusing serotonin onto the synapses made onto one motor neuron, it is found that a single axonal branch can undergo long-term branch-specific facilitation, which depends on CREB-mediated transcription and involves the growth of new synaptic connections exclusively at the treated branch.
Annual Review of NeuroscienceProtein Synthesis at Synaptic Sites on Dendrites
686 Citations2001Oswald Steward, Erin M. Schuman
Recent information about how synaptic signaling is coupled to local translation and to the delivery of newly transcribed mRNAs to activated synaptic sites is summarized and how local translation may play a role in activity-dependent synaptic modification is summarized.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesBrain-derived neurotrophic factor rapidly enhances synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons via postsynaptic tyrosine kinase receptors.
613 Citations1995Eric S. Levine, Cheryl F. Dreyfus +2 more
A role for BDNF in the modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus is suggested through a previously unreported mechanism--increased postsynaptic responsiveness via a phosphorylation-dependent pathway.
NeuronDynamic Visualization of Local Protein Synthesis in Hippocampal Neurons
607 Citations2001Girish Aakalu, W. Bryan Smith +3 more
A protein synthesis reporter in which the coding sequence of green fluorescent protein is flanked by the 5' and 3' untranslated regions from CAMKII-alpha, conferring both dendritic mRNA localization and translational regulation is developed, showing that dendrites appear to possess translational hot spots, regions near synapses where protein synthesis consistently occurs over time.
CellExpression of Constitutively Active CREB Protein Facilitates the Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation by Enhancing Synaptic Capture
576 Citations2002Ángel Barco, Juan Marcos Alarcón +1 more
CellSynaptic Strength Regulated by Palmitate Cycling on PSD-95
566 Citations2002Alaa El-Din El-Husseini, Eric Schnell +8 more
It is found that palmitate cycling on PSD-95 can regulate synaptic strength and regulates aspects of activity-dependent plasticity, and that rapid glutamate-mediated AMPA receptor internalization requires depalmitoylation of PSd-95.
NeuronNeurotrophin expression in rat hippocampal slices: A stimulus paradigm inducing LTP in CA1 evokes increases in BDNF and NT-3 mRNAs
557 Citations1992Susan L. Patterson, Larry M. Grover +2 more
It is reported that stimulation inducing long-term potentiation in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus evokes significant increases in both BDNF and NT-3 mRNAs in CA1 neurons, which suggest that relatively normal levels of activity may regulate region-specific neurotrophin levels in the hippocampus.
NeuronNeuronal RNA Granules
554 Citations2001Anna M. Krichevsky, Kenneth S. Kosik
It is concluded that RNA granules are a local storage compartment for mRNAs under translational arrest but are poised for release to actively translated pools, which may serve as a macromolecular mechanism linking RNA localization to translation and synaptic plasticity.
NeuronDisruption of Dendritic Translation of CaMKIIα Impairs Stabilization of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation
515 Citations2002Stephan Miller, Masahiro Yasuda +4 more
Removal of dendritic mRNA produced a dramatic reduction of CaMKIIalpha in postsynaptic densities, a reduction in late-phase long-term potentiation (LTP), and impairments in spatial memory, associative fear conditioning, and object recognition memory.
CellA Transient, Neuron-Wide Form of CREB-Mediated Long-Term Facilitation Can Be Stabilized at Specific Synapses by Local Protein Synthesis
505 Citations1999Andrea Casadio, Kelsey C. Martin +6 more
The short-term process initiated by a single pulse of 5-HT serves not only to produce transient facilitation, but also to mark and stabilize any synapse of the neuron for long-term facilitation by means of a covalent mark and rapamycin-sensitive local protein synthesis.
Nature NeuroscienceRapid turnover of actin in dendritic spines and its regulation by activity
473 Citations2002Erin N. Star, David J. Kwiatkowski +1 more
Using hippocampal neurons expressing fluorescent actin and the method of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, it is found that 85 ± 2% of actin in the spine was dynamic, with a turnover time of 44.2 ± 4.0 s.
NeuronPolyribosomes Redistribute from Dendritic Shafts into Spines with Enlarged Synapses during LTP in Developing Rat Hippocampal Slices
470 Citations2002Linnaea Ostroff, John C. Fiala +2 more
Coincident polyribosomes and synapse enlargement might indicate spines that are expressing long-term potentiation induced by tetanic stimulation, which might serve to stabilize stimulation-induced growth of the postsynaptic density.
SciencePostsynaptic Induction of BDNF-Mediated Long-Term Potentiation
460 Citations2002Yury Kovalchuk, Eric Hanse +2 more
The results suggest thatBDNF-mediated LTP is induced postsynaptically, and the finding that dendritic spines are the exclusive synaptic sites for rapid BDNF-evoked Ca2+ signaling supports this conclusion.
Nature NeuroscienceGlutamate receptors regulate actin-based plasticity in dendritic spines
448 Citations2000Maria Fischer, Stefanie Kaech +3 more
Results suggest a two-step process in which spines initially formed in response to NMDA receptor activation are subsequently stabilized by AMPA receptors, which may contribute to plasticity in brain circuits.
Nature NeuroscienceProtein kinase Mζ is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance
425 Citations2002Douglas S.F. Ling, Larry S. Benardo +5 more
This work shows the constitutively active form of an atypicalprotein kinase C (PKC) isozyme, protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance.
NeuronMobile NMDA Receptors at Hippocampal Synapses
418 Citations2002Kenneth R. Tovar, Gary L. Westbrook
It is shown thatNMDA receptors can move laterally between synaptic and extrasynaptic pools, providing evidence for a dynamic organization of synaptic NMDA receptors in the postsynaptic complex.
NatureUbiquitination-dependent mechanisms regulate synaptic growth and function
385 Citations2001Aaron DiAntonio, A. Pejmun Haghighi +4 more
It is shown that ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms regulate synaptic development at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and genetic interactions between fat facets and highwire suggest that synaptic development may be controlled by the balance between positive and negative regulators of ubiquitination.
ScienceModulation of an NCAM-Related Adhesion Molecule with Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in <i>Aplysia</i>
376 Citations1992Mark Mayford, Ari Barzilai +3 more
A group of cell surface proteins, designated Aplysia cell adhesion molecules (apCAM's) was down-regulated in the sensory neurons in response to serotonin, and may be one of the early molecular changes in long-term synaptic facilitation.
NeuronGenetic Dissection of Structural and Functional Components of Synaptic Plasticity. II. Fasciclin II Controls Presynaptic Structural Plasticity
375 Citations1996Christoph Schuster, Graeme W. Davis +2 more
It is shown that the increase in synaptic growth is accompanied by an approximately 50% decrease in synaptic levels of the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin II (Fas II), which is both necessary and sufficient for presynaptic sprouting.
NeuronIncreasing Numbers of Synaptic Puncta during Late-Phase LTP
374 Citations2000Ozlem Bozdagi, Weisong Shan +3 more
It is shown that late-phase LTP (L-LTP) is associated with a significant increase in numbers of synaptic puncta identified by synaptophysin and N-cadherin, an adhesion protein involved in synapse formation during development.
Nature NeuroscienceNMDA receptor-mediated control of protein synthesis at developing synapses
367 Citations2000A. J. Scheetz, Angus C. Nairn +1 more
Observations suggest that regulation of peptide elongation via eEF2 phosphorylation can link NMDAR activation to local increases in the synthesis of specific proteins during activity-dependent synaptic change.
CellUbiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase Is an Immediate-Early Gene Essential for Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia
357 Citations1997Ashok N. Hegde, Kaoru Inokuchi +7 more
Through induction of the hydrolase and the resulting up-regulation of the ubiquitin pathway, learning recruits a regulated form of proteolysis that removes inhibitory constraints on long-term memory storage.
Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryImmediate-Early Genes and Synaptic Function
343 Citations1998Anthony A. Lanahan, Paul Worley
This work has developed whole-animal models that maximize the induction of activity-dependent genes and used differential cloning techniques to identify a set of novel, neuronal immediate-early genes (IEGs), a subset of IEGs that appear to function at the synapse.
Annual Review of NeuroscienceGENE DISCOVERY IN<i>DROSOPHILA</i>: New Insights for Learning and Memory
341 Citations1998Josh Dubnau, Tim Tully
The current state of genetic analysis of learning and memory in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, is reviewed, suggesting that core cellular mechanisms of simple forms of learning are evolutionarily conserved and biological pathways discovered in invertebrates are likely to be conserved in vertebrates as well.
NeuronDepolarization Drives β-Catenin into Neuronal Spines Promoting Changes in Synaptic Structure and Function
338 Citations2002Sachiko Murase, Eric A. Mosser +1 more
It is demonstrated that β-catenin, which mediates interactions between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton, moves from dendritic shafts into spines upon depolarization, increasing its association with cadherin.
Journal of NeuroscienceActivity-Dependent Dendritic Targeting of BDNF and TrkB mRNAs in Hippocampal Neurons
333 Citations1997Enrico Tongiorgi, Massimo Righi +1 more
The activity-dependent modulation of mRNA targeting and protein accumulation in the dendrites may provide a mechanism for achieving a selective local regulation of the activity of neurotrophins and their receptors, close to their sites of action.
ScienceSerotonin-Mediated Endocytosis of apCAM: an Early Step of Learning-Related Synaptic Growth in <i>Aplysia</i>
318 Citations1992Craig H. Bailey, Mary Chen +2 more
To examine the mechanisms of this down-regulation in the sensory neuron of Aplysia cell adhesion molecules, thin-section electron microscopy was combined with immunolabeling by gold-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to apCAM to examine the internalization and apparent degradation of APCAM.
NeuronMolecular Modification of N-Cadherin in Response to Synaptic Activity
305 Citations2000Hidekazu Tanaka, Weisong Shan +7 more
Upon depolarization of hippocampal neurons in culture by K+ treatment, or application of NMDA or alpha-latrotoxin, synaptic N-cadherin dimerizes and becomes markedly protease resistant, which strongly suggest that synaptic adhesion is dynamically and locally controlled, and modulated by synaptic activity.
Journal of NeuroscienceTetanic Stimulation Leads to Increased Accumulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II via Dendritic Protein Synthesis in Hippocampal Neurons
296 Citations1999Yannan Ouyang, Alan H. Rosenstein +3 more
It is concluded that dendritic protein synthesis must produce a portion of the newly accumulated CaMKII because transport mechanisms for macromolecules from neuronal cell bodies are not fast enough to account for this rapid increase in distal portions of the dendrites.
CellRemodeling of Synaptic Actin Induced by Photoconductive Stimulation
272 Citations2001Michael A. Colicos, Boyce Collins +2 more
This work uses photoconductive stimulation to demonstrate activity-dependent morphological synaptic plasticity by video imaging of GFP-actin at individual synapses and indicates that activity- dependent presynaptic structural plasticity facilitates the formation of new active Presynaptic terminals.
Journal of NeuroscienceCaMKIIα 3′ Untranslated Region-Directed mRNA Translocation in Living Neurons: Visualization by GFP Linkage
264 Citations2000Martha Rook, Mei Lü +1 more
The CaMKIIα mRNA extends into distal hippocampal dendrites, and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) is sufficient to mediate this localization, and oscillatory movements allowed the granules to sample several local synapses.
The EMBO JournalN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor signaling results in Aurora kinase‐catalyzed CPEB phosphorylation and αCaMKII mRNA polyadenylation at synapses
263 Citations2002Yi‐Shuian Huang, Mi‐Young Jung +2 more
It is demonstrated that several of the factors known to control polyadenylation‐induced translation in early vertebrate development also reside at synaptic sites of rat hippocampal neurons and elucidates an axis connecting the NMDA receptor to localized protein synthesis at synapses.
NeuropharmacologyWeak before strong: dissociating synaptic tagging and plasticity-factor accounts of late-LTP
240 Citations1998Uwe Frey, Richard Morris
Results indicate that weak tetanisation of pathway S2 at intervals of 5 min or 1 h prior to strong tetanisations on pathway S1 does result in late-LTP on pathways S2, upholding a key prediction of the synaptic tag hypothesis and have implications for the functional role of synaptic tagging for cortical plasticity.
NeuronGenetic Dissection of Structural and Functional Components of Synaptic Plasticity. III. CREB Is Necessary for Presynaptic Functional Plasticity
236 Citations1996Graeme W. Davis, Christoph Schuster +1 more
CREB, the cAMP response element-binding protein, acts in parallel with Fas II to cause an increase in synaptic strength, which is due to increased presynaptic transmitter release.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental BiologyGetting the Message Across: The Intracellular Localization of mRNAs in Higher Eukaryotes
205 Citations2001Isabel M. Palacios, Daniel St Johnston
This work considers the evidence for a variety of mechanisms including local protection from degradation, diffusion to a localized anchor, and active transport, before discussing the cis-acting elements that direct the localization of specific mRNAs and the trans-acting factors that bind them.
NeuronA novel intermediate stage in the transition between short- and long-term facilitation in the sensory to motor neuron synapse of aplysia
201 Citations1995Mirella Ghirardi, Pier Giorgio Montarolo +1 more
This work has examined the steps whereby short-term facilitation is converted to a long-term form in the sensorimotor connection of the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex and uncovered a new transient phase that involves three mechanistically different mechanisms--covalent modification, translation, and transcription.
NeuronMechanisms for Generating the Autonomous cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Required for Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia
184 Citations1999Daniel G. Chain, Andrea Casadio +8 more
The formation of a persistently active cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critical for establishing long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) in Aplysia and appears to be a key function of proteasomes in LTF.
Journal of NeuroscienceProtein synthesis-dependent formation of protein kinase Mzeta in long- term potentiation
177 Citations1996Pavel Osten, L Valsamis +2 more
NeuronSynaptic Strength as a Function of Post- versus Presynaptic Expression of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM
173 Citations2000Alexander Dityatev, Alexander Dityatev +1 more
Observations indicate that the relative levels of postsynaptic NCAM expression control synaptic strength in an activity-dependent manner by regulating the number of synapses.
The Journal of Cell Biologyδ-catenin, an Adhesive Junction–associated Protein Which Promotes Cell Scattering
173 Citations1999Qun Lu, Mercedes F. Paredes +6 more
It is proposed that δ-catenin can regulate adhesion molecules to implement the organization of large cellular arrays necessary for tissue morphogenesis.
Nature NeuroscienceMemory enhancement and formation by atypical PKM activity in Drosophila melanogaster
167 Citations2002Eric A. Drier, MARCELA KAREY TELLO +5 more
Results show that atypical PKM is sufficient to enhance memory in Drosophila and suggest that it is necessary for normal memory maintenance, and show that the induction of DaPKM after training also enhanced memory.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesInternal initiation of translation of five dendritically localized neuronal mRNAs
166 Citations2001Jason Pinkstaff, Stephen A. Chappell +3 more
Analysis of mechanisms by which translation of five dendritically localized mRNAs is initiated suggests that IRESes may increase translation efficiency at postsynaptic sites after synaptic activation.
Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceHomer-Dependent Cell Surface Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 in Neurons
142 Citations2002Fabrice Ango, David Robbe +6 more
The results indicate that Homer1 proteins regulate synaptic cycling and Ca2+ signaling of mGlu5 receptors, in response to neuronal activity.
The Journal of Cell BiologyMicro-RNAs
142 Citations2002Helge Großhans, Frank J. Slack
Two small temporally regulated RNAs (stRNAs)* of ∼22 nucleotides regulate timing of gene expression during development of the nematode C. elegans, suggesting a wide employment of stRNA-mediated gene regulation.
NeuronParallel Molecular Pathways Mediate Expression of Distinct Forms of Intermediate-Term Facilitation at Tail Sensory–Motor Synapses in Aplysia
140 Citations2000Michael A. Sutton, Thomas Carew
It is demonstrated that SN-MN synapses can exhibit two distinct forms of ITF that are mediated by parallel molecular pathways that require persistent activation of PKC but not PKA.
Learning & MemoryInteraction between Amount and Pattern of Training in the Induction of Intermediate- and Long-Term Memory for Sensitization in <i>Aplysia</i>
126 Citations2002Michael A. Sutton, Jasmine Ide +2 more
The results indicate that in addition to three identified phases of memory for sensitization--STM, ITM, and LTM--a unique temporal profile of memory, E-ITM, is revealed by varying either the amount or pattern of training.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesIdentification of sites for exponential translation in living dendrites
122 Citations2001Christy Job, James Eberwine
It is proposed that dendrites have specific sites specialized for fast translation, consistent with ribosome subunit assembly for initiation, the first step of translation.
NeuronPhosphorylation and Local Presynaptic Protein Synthesis in Calcium- and Calcineurin-Dependent Induction of Crayfish Long-Term Facilitation
95 Citations2001Vahri Beaumont, Ning Zhong +3 more
An important role for protein synthesis in the expression of activity-dependent plasticity is defined, and mechanistic insight is provided for the induction of this process at presynaptic sites.
Journal of NeurosciencePersistent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by regulated proteolysis suggests a neuron-specific function of the ubiquitin system in Aplysia
87 Citations1995DG Chain, A. Hegde +3 more
It is shown that ubiquitin (Ub), Ub-conjugates and proteasomes are present in cell bodies, axon, neuropil and nerve terminals of Aplysia neurons, and evidence that the susceptibility of R subunits to degradation in neurons relative to muscle results from the greater capacity of neurons to degrade ubiquitinated proteins through the proteasome.
Journal of NeurosciencePresynaptic Morphological Changes Associated with Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation Are Triggered by Actin Polymerization at Preexisting Varicositis
84 Citations2000Yohko Hatada, Fang Wu +3 more
The results imply that serotonin induces persistent effects at preexisting presynaptic varicosities, which enhance actin polymerization, and that this is essential for Presynaptic morphological changes of long-term facilitation.
Journal of Biological ChemistryDensin-180 Interacts with δ-Catenin/Neural Plakophilin-related Armadillo Repeat Protein at Synapses
82 Citations2002Ichiro Izawa, Miwako Nishizawa +2 more
It is proposed that Densin-180 is associated in vivo with δ-catenin/NPRAP and may be involved in organization of the synaptic cell-cell junction through interaction with the δ/NPR/N-cadherin complex.
ScienceCoincident Induction of Long-Term Facilitation in <i>Aplysia</i> : Cooperativity Between Cell Bodies and Remote Synapses
80 Citations1999Carolyn M. Sherff, Thomas Carew
Evidence is presented here that if Aplysia sensory neuron somata and their remote motor neuron synapses are simultaneously exposed to serotonin pulses insufficient to induce long-term facilitation (LTF) at either site alone, processes activated at these sites interact to induce LTF.
Journal of NeurobiologySynthesis and functional integration of a neurotransmitter receptor in isolated invertebrate axons
77 Citations2000Gaynor E. Spencer, Naweed I. Syed +4 more
This study provides the first direct evidence that isolated axons (in the absence of the soma) can intrinsically synthesize and functionally integrate a membrane-bound receptor protein from an axonally injected mRNA.
NeuronTemporal Synaptic Tagging by Ih Activation and Actin
70 Citations2002Vahri Beaumont, Ning Zhong +3 more
Actin-stabilized "temporal synaptic tagging" set by I(h) activation is prolonged when I( h) is activated concurrent with an elevation in presynaptic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), permitting the further strengthening of synapses given appropriate additional stimuli.
PubMedSerotonin activates S6 kinase in a rapamycin-sensitive manner in Aplysia synaptosomes.
66 Citations2001Arshad Khan, Antonio M. Pepio +1 more
A mechanism by which the levels of translation factors can be increased specifically at activated synapses generating a long-lasting synaptic tag is suggested.
Journal of NeuroscienceSerotonin Activates S6 Kinase in a Rapamycin-Sensitive Manner in<i>Aplysia</i>Synaptosomes
63 Citations2001Asad Khan, Antonio M. Pepio +1 more
Journal of Neuroscience ResearchFinding new candidate genes for learning and memory
39 Citations2002Tarek A. Leil, Alexei Ossadtchi +3 more
Identification of 27 differentially expressed genes could be used to place the F1 hybrid and inbred strains into separate clusters based on singular value decomposition and those with known functions may provide clues to the molecular mechanisms of learning.
Behaviour Research and TherapyExamination of a backchaining/counterconditioning process during the extinction of conditioned fear
5 Citations1990Edward J. Callen, Thomas L. Boyd
Two experiments using rat subjects are reported which attempt to delineate the theoretical mechanisms involved in exposure/extinction procedures that are used to eliminate conditioned fear and the results are discussed with implications for exposure-based therapies.
…