Three Dimensional Reconstructions of Spherical Viruses by Fourier Synthesis from Electron Micrographs
NaturePublished 1 May 1970
R.A. Crowther, Linda Amos, J.T. Finch, David J. De Rosier, A. Klug
Citations346
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score18.29
SNIP10.16
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Methods are developed for computing three dimensional density maps from transmission electron micrographs using Fourier transforms, which gives clear reconstructions of their surface structures when applied to negatively stained spherical viruses.
Abstract
Methods are developed for computing three dimensional density maps from transmission electron micrographs using Fourier transforms. The reconstructions objectively combine data from several different views of one or more particles. When applied to negatively stained spherical viruses, the technique gives clear reconstructions of their surface structures.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyEngineeringEnvironmental Science
Mathematics of ComputationAn algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series
12,195 Citations1965J.W. Cooley, John W. Tukey
Good generalized these methods and gave elegant algorithms for which one class of applications is the calculation of Fourier series, applicable to certain problems in which one must multiply an N-vector by an N X N matrix which can be factored into m sparse matrices.
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative BiologyPhysical Principles in the Construction of Regular Viruses
2,511 Citations1962D. L. D. Caspar, A. Klug
The authors' designs obey strict icosahedral symmetry, with the asymmetric unit in each case containing a heterodimer that comprises one subunit from each of the two components.
NatureReconstruction of Three Dimensional Structures from Electron Micrographs
1,329 Citations1968David J. De Rosier, A. Klug
General principles are formulated for the objective reconstruction of a three dimensional object from a set of electron microscope images and applied to the calculation of aThree dimensional density map of the tail of bacteriophage T4.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of EdinburghXVIII.—On the Functions which are represented by the Expansions of the Interpolation-Theory
815 Citations1915E. T. Whittaker
Advances in virus researchThe Structure of Small Viruses
349 Citations1961A. Klug, D. L. D. Caspar
This chapter considers those structural properties of TMV that can be accurately measured and provides a comparison of values of the diameters obtained from the X-ray work with those found by electron microscopy.
Journal of Molecular BiologyStructure of viruses of the papilloma-polyoma type
201 Citations1965A. Klug, J.T. Finch
Journal of Molecular BiologyStructure of viruses of the papilloma-polyoma type IV. Analysis of tilting experiments in the electron microscope
92 Citations1968A. Klug, J.T. Finch
The results of experiments in which “two-side” electron microscope images of the same virus particles obtained before and after tilting the supporting grid are compared with simulated images, i.e. superposition patterns from an appropriate model tilted through the same angle are presented.
Journal of General VirologyObservations on the Structure of the Nucleocapsids of some Paramyxoviruses
85 Citations1970J.T. Finch, Adrian J. Gibbs
Optical diffraction patterns of electron micrographs of mumps and measles nucleocapsids show that they have closely similar structures.
Journal of Physics E Scientific InstrumentsA computer-linked cathode-ray tube microdensitometer for X-ray crystallography
78 Citations1968U. W. Arndt, R. Anthony Crowther +1 more
A versatile double-beam microdensitometer has been constructed in which the source of light is the spot of a high resolution cathode-ray tube and the optical density is read directly into the computer.