The Psychophysiology of Sex Differences as Related to Occupational Status
Published 1 January 1991
Marianne Frankenhaeuser
Citations82
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Abstract
This chapter is based on research carried out in the author's laboratory during the past decades (see reviews by Frankenhaeuser 1979; Frankenhaeuser 1983; Frankenhaeuser 1986). The central theme of the chapter is the study of the mechanisms by which psychosocial factors influence the health and behavior of men and women. The approach is multidisciplinary, focusing on the dynamics of stressful person—environment interactions, viewed from social, psychological, and biomedical perspectives.
Keywords
PsychologyHealth Professions
American PsychologistEmployment and women's health: Effects of paid employment on women's mental and physical health.
311 Citations1989Rena L. Repetti, Karen A. Matthews +1 more
It is concluded that women's employment does not have a negative effect on their health, on the average, and current evidence suggests that increased social support from co-workers and super- visors may be one important mediator of the beneficial health effects of employment.
Journal of Organizational BehaviorStress on and off the job as related to sex and occupational status in white‐collar workers
297 Citations1989Marianne Frankenhaeuser, Ulf Lundberg +7 more
International Journal of EpidemiologyType of Occupation and Near-Future Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction and Some Other Diagnoses
254 Citations1985Lars Alfredsson, Curt-Lennart Spetz +1 more
Male subjects employed in occupations where a high proportion reported a combination of hectic work and few possibilities to learn new things were more frequently hospitalized for myocardial infarction than other working men.
Psychosomatic MedicineSex Differences in Psychoneuroendocrine Reactions to Examination Stress
229 Citations1978Marianne Frankenhaeuser, Maijaliisa Rauste von Wright +4 more
Both sexes performed equally well in the examination, but self‐reports showed that feelings of success and confidence were common among males, whereas feelings of discomfort and failure dominated in the female group.
A Psychobiological Framework for Research on Human Stress and Coping
201 Citations1986Marianne Frankenhaeuser
PsychopharmacologySex differences in sympathetic-adrenal medullary reactions induced by different stressors
172 Citations1976Marianne Frankenhaeuser, Elizabeth Dunne +1 more
In males both stressors induced a significant increase, whereas in females adrenaline excretion remained on the same level under the two stress conditions as during relaxation, and noradrenaline excretion was not systematically affected by either stressor in either sex group.
Journal of Human StressStress Responses in Male and Female Engineering Students
159 Citations1978Aila Collins, Marianne Frankenhaeuser
Male and female engineering students were studies under stress induced by a congnitive-conflict task and in a control condition spent in inactivity, showing sex differences on the subjective level were not reflected in actual performance.
Applied PsychologyStress at work: psychobiological and psychosocial aspects <sup>1</sup>
139 Citations1986Marianne Frankenhaeuser, Gunn Johansson
Psychosomatic MedicineType A behavior in healthy males and females as related to physiological reactivity and blood lipids.
85 Citations1989Ulf Lundberg, Monica Hedman +2 more
The association between Type A behavior and physiological measurements was more pronounced for “extreme” Type A and B men and women than for the total groups of each sex.
Psychosomatic MedicineEffect of Mental Stress on Baroreceptor-Mediated Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate and on Plasma Catecholamines and Subjective Responses in Healthy Men and Women
77 Citations1983Lennart Forsman, Lars Erik Llndblad
The results suggest that nonspecific mental stress does not substantially influence the ability of carotid sinus baroreceptors to decrease heart rate or blood pressure in response to sustained changes in baroreceptor input.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology<b>Catecholamine output in school children as related to performance and adjustment</b>
71 Citations1973Gunn Johansson, Marianne Frankenhaeuser +1 more
Significant positive correlations were found between the secretion of both catecholamines and teachers' ratings indicating good social adjustment and emotional stability, as well as with measures of the pupils' subjective satisfaction with their school environment.
PubMedReciprocal effects of health and labor force participation among women: evidence from two longitudinal studies.
70 Citations1982Ingrid Waldron, Joan M. Herold +2 more
It is found that, on the average, labor force participation has either harmful or beneficial effects on the general health of middle-aged married women in the United States.
Journal of Human StressCatecholamine and Cortisol Excretion Patterns in Three-Year-Old Children and Their Parents
68 Citations1981Ulf Lundberg, Peter de Château +2 more
The findings of this study were interpreted within the context of the specific challenge that the situation represented to the mothers, and mothers also excreted more noradrenaline in the at-home condition.
Scandinavian Journal of PsychologyThe total workload of parents employed in white‐collar jobs: Construction of a questionnaire and a scoring system
67 Citations1991Bertil Mårdberg, Ulf Lundberg +1 more
Acta Physiologica ScandinavicaCatecholamine Output of Males and Females over a One‐Year Period
58 Citations1974Gunn Johansson, Birgitta Post
Large interindividual differences in the rate of catecholamine excretion were obtained, whereas most subject showed a high intra-individual constancy of excretion, neither variations over the year, nor differences between men and women in the excretion of adrenaline or noradrenaline were statistically significant.
Biological PsychologySex differences in behaviour pattern and catecholamine and cortisol excretion in 3–6 year old day-care children
31 Citations1983Ulf Lundberg
In both sexes, adrenaline excretion was significantly elevated at the day-care center compared with the at-home levels, indicating that mental arousal was greater at the center, and this relationship in childhood could be of relevance for sex differences in catecholamine responses observed in adulthood.
JAMACorrelates of Midlife Career Achievement Among Women Physicians
27 Citations1985Pirkko L. Graves
It is concluded that career achievement among women physicians is influenced less by marriage and family size than by motivational and personality factors shaped in early life.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorComparison of neuroendocrine measurements under laboratory and naturalistic conditions
25 Citations1990Ulf Lundberg, Bo Melin +3 more
The data suggest that generalizability of neuroendocrine reactivity from laboratory stress to real-life stress is low, and absolute levels of catecholamine and cortisol excretion were consistent over conditions and time.
Work & StressWorkload and catecholamine excretion in parents of preschool children
25 Citations1989Ulf Lundberg, Kerstin Palm
In women, but not in men, a significant positive correlation was found between the general amount of overtime at work and adrenaline excretion at home.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorBlood lipids as related to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine functions under different conditions in healthy males and females
20 Citations1989Ulf Lundberg, Mats Fredrikson +3 more
In men, but not in women, total serum cholesterol was significantly positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all conditions and epinephrine and norepinephrine during laboratory-induced mental stress were significantly positively correlation with total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides.
PubMedPsychophysiological stress responses in postmenopausal women before and after hormonal replacement therapy.
20 Citations1982Aila Collins, Ulf Hanson +4 more
Self-reports showed that tiredness, headache, tension and anxiety were significantly reduced following treatment, and there was no correlation between hormonal treatment and excretion of catecholamines during stress.
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & GynecologyAnti-Androgen Treatment of Hirsute Women: A Study on Stress Responses
5 Citations1984Ulf Lundberg, U. Hansson +3 more
Differences in the correlational pattern for steroid hormones in the patients and the control subjects suggest an imbalance in adrenal steroid biosynthesis in the Patients, which was probably due to an increased level of corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG).
Sex differences in psychoneuroendocrine stress responses : biological and social influences
2 Citations1985Aila Collins
Sex differences in psychoneuroendocrine stress responses are influenced by biological and social influences, as well as by sexual orientation and gender identity.