Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care: Impact on Perceived Quality of Care
Journal of General Internal MedicinePublished 9 February 2010Open access
Dara H. Sorkin, Quyen Ngo‐Metzger, Israel De Alba
Citations188
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.99
SNIP1.71
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Patient perceptions of discrimination may play an important, yet variable role in ratings of health care quality across racial/ethnic minority groups, and health care institutions should consider how to address this patient concern.
Abstract
Patient perceptions of discrimination may play an important, yet variable role in ratings of health care quality across racial/ethnic minority groups. Health care institutions should consider how to address this patient concern as a part of routine quality improvement.
Keywords
Social SciencesHealth ProfessionsEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
Journal of Chronic DiseasesA new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation
49,938 Citations1987Mary E. Charlson, Peter Pompei +2 more
The method of classifying comorbidity provides a simple, readily applicable and valid method of estimating risk of death fromComorbid disease for use in longitudinal studies and further work in larger populations is still required to refine the approach.
Choice Reviews OnlineUnequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
7,044 Citations2003A. L. Nelson
A heating element includes an elongated tubular sheath which confines a resistance wire supported by a thermally conductive electrical insulation material which extends to a position flush with the end surface of the sheath.
JAMAWhat's the Relative Risk?
3,993 Citations1998Jun Zhang, Kai Yu
This work proposes a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.
American Journal of Public HealthRacial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings From Community Studies
2,633 Citations2003David R. Williams, Harold W. Neighbors +1 more
The authors review the available empirical evidence and indicates that discrimination is associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and, especially, mental health status, but the extant research does not adequately address whether and how exposure to discrimination leads to increased risk of disease.
Social Science & MedicineThe effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients
1,504 Citations2000Michelle van Ryn, Jane K. Burke-Miller
The hypothesis that physicians' perceptions of patients were influenced by patients' socio-demographic characteristics was supported, with results supported by survey data.
Archives of Internal MedicinePatient-Physician Racial Concordance and the Perceived Quality and Use of Health Care
1,106 Citations1999Somnath Saha, Miriam Komaromy +2 more
Findings confirm the importance of racial and cultural factors in the patient-physician relationship and reaffirm the role of black and Hispanic physicians in caring for black andHispanic patients.
Medical Care Research and ReviewAttitudes about Racism, Medical Mistrust, and Satisfaction with Care among African American and White Cardiac Patients
918 Citations2000Thomas A. LaVeist, Kim J. Nickerson +1 more
Multivariate analysis found that the perception of racism and mistrust of the medical care system led to less satisfaction with care and when perceived racism and medical mistrust were controlled, race was no longer a significant predictor of satisfaction.
American Journal of Public HealthPerceived Discrimination and Depression: Moderating Effects of Coping, Acculturation, and Ethnic Support
904 Citations2003Samuel Noh, Violet Kaspar
It is suggested that, when empowered with sufficient social resources, racial minority individuals of diverse cultural heritages are more likely to confront than to accept racial bias.
Journal of Health and Social BehaviorPerceived Discrimination and Depression among Mexican-Origin Adults in California
819 Citations2000Brian Karl Finch, Bohdan Kolody +1 more
Investigating the direct and moderating connections between perceived discrimination, acculturative stress, and mental health (CES-D) in adults of Mexican origin found discrimination was directly related to depression, but this effect was moderated through nativity/country of residence, English-language acculturation, sex, and country of education variables.
American Journal of Public HealthRacial/ethnic bias and health. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies.
795 Citations2003Williams, Neighbors Hw +1 more
Journal of General Internal MedicineRacial and ethnic differences in patient perceptions of bias and cultural competence in health care
545 Citations2004Rachel L. Johnson, Somnath Saha +3 more
While demographics, source of care, and patient-physician communication explain most racial and ethnic differences in patient perceptions of PCP cultural competence, differences in perceptions of health care system-wide bias and cultural competence are not fully explained by such factors.
Medical CareResearch on the Provider Contribution to Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Medical Care
486 Citations2002Michelle van Ryn
Little is known about why black patients and other ethnic/racial minorities are less likely to receive the best treatments independent of clinical appropriateness, payer, and treatment site.
Journal of General Internal MedicineProviding High-Quality Care for Limited English Proficient Patients: The Importance of Language Concordance and Interpreter Use
432 Citations2007Quyen Ngo‐Metzger, Dara H. Sorkin +5 more
Language barriers are associated with less health education, worse interpersonal care, and lower patient satisfaction, and using a clinic interpreter did not mitigate these effects and exacerbated disparities in patients’ perceptions of their providers.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and UnderservedThe Association between Perceived Discrimination and Underutilization of Needed Medical and Mental Health Care in a Multi-Ethnic Community Sample
388 Citations2008Diana J. Burgess, Yingmei Ding +3 more
Perceived discrimination was associated with underutilization of medical care among Whites, U.S.-born Blacks, and American Indians and was associatedwith underutilized of mental health care among Blacks, Southeast Asians, andAmerican Indians.
Health Services ResearchRace/Ethnicity, Language, and Patients' Assessments of Care in Medicaid Managed Care
353 Citations2003Robert Weech‐Maldonado, Leo S. Morales +4 more
This study suggests that racial and ethnic minorities and persons with limited English proficiency face barriers to care, despite Medicaid-enabled financial access, as part of their quality improvement efforts.
The American Journal of the Medical SciencesRacism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans
310 Citations2003Rosie Lee Calvin, Karen Winters +4 more
The evidence on the ways racism can affect the disproportionate rates of cardiovascular disease in African Americans is provided and it is suggested that racial disparities should be understood within the context of persistent inequities in societal institutions and relations.
Discrimination and Health
300 Citations2000Nancy Krieger
PubMedEffects of perceived racism, cultural mistrust and trust in providers on satisfaction with care.
280 Citations2006Ramona Benkert, Rosalind M. Peters +2 more
Testing a mid-range theoretical model that hypothesized that perceived racism influences cultural mistrust, which affects trust in providers--and these combined psychosocial aspects of healthcare affect satisfaction with the care received suggests that improving health outcomes for African Americans requires a broader understanding of cultural competence.
Journal of General Internal MedicinePerceived discrimination and use of preventive health services
270 Citations2006Amal N. Trivedi, John Z. Ayanian
Persons who report discrimination may be less likely to receive some preventive health services, however, perceived discrimination is unlikely to account for a large portion of observed disparities in receipt of preventive care.
Medical CareRacial and Ethnic Differences in a Patient Survey
267 Citations2000Jann Murray-García, Joe V. Selby +3 more
In a large HMO population, significant differences were found by race and ethnicity, and among Asian ethnic subgroups, in levels of patient satisfaction with primary care.
PubMedPerceived race-based and socioeconomic status(SES)-based discrimination in interactions with health care providers.
254 Citations2001Sheryl Thorburn Bird, Laura M. Bogart
Education and stigma consciousness were positively correlated with perceptions of both race-based and SES-based discrimination, suggesting that expectations that one will be stereotyped by doctors do not account for the relationship between education and reports of perceived discrimination in interactions with health care providers.
Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)Racism, discrimination and hypertension: evidence and needed research.
251 Citations2001David R. Williams, Harold W. Neighbors
The existing literature identifies important new directions for the comprehensive measurement of discrimination and the design of rigorous empirical studies that can evaluate theoretically derived ideas about the association between discrimination and hypertension.
PubMedR-E-S-P-E-C-T: patient reports of disrespect in the health care setting and its impact on care.
220 Citations2004Janice Blanchard, Nicole Lurie
Minorities were significantly more likely to report being treated with disrespect or being looked down upon in the patient-provider relationship, and Persons who thought that they would have received better treatment if they were of a different race were significantly less likely to receive optimal chronic disease screening and more likelyto not follow the doctor's advice or put off care.
Journal of General Internal MedicineAsian Americans’ reports of their health care experiences
217 Citations2004Quyen Ngo‐Metzger, Anna Legedza +1 more
The Annals of Family MedicinePatients' Beliefs About Racism, Preferences for Physician Race, and Satisfaction With Care
213 Citations2005Frederick M. Chen
Many African Americans and Latinos perceive racism in the health care system, and those who do are more likely to prefer a physician of their own race or ethnicity.
PubMedPerceived discrimination and reported delay of pharmacy prescriptions and medical tests.
153 Citations2005Courtney H. Van Houtven, Corrine I. Voils +5 more
PubMedDifferences in CAHPS adult survey reports and ratings by race and ethnicity: an analysis of the National CAHPS benchmarking data 1.0.
150 Citations2001Leo S. Morales, Marc N. Elliott +3 more
Members of racial/ethnic minority groups, with the exception of Asians/Pacific Islanders, reported experiences with health care similar to those of whites, however, global ratings of care by Asians/ Pacific Islanders are similar toThose of whites.
Medical CareImmigrant Perceptions of Discrimination in Health Care
132 Citations2006Diane S. Lauderdale, Ming Wen +2 more
Immigration status should be included in studies of healthcare disparities because nativity is a key determinant of discrimination experiences for Asians and Latinos.
Journal of General Internal MedicinePerceived discrimination and reported delay of pharmacy prescriptions and medical tests
131 Citations2005Courtney H. Van Houtven, Corrine I. Voils +5 more
A prospective cohort study with both personal and macro measures of discrimination, as well as more refined measures of treatment delays, would help to better understand the relationship between perceived discrimination and treatment delays.
Journal of General Internal MedicineImpact of U.S. Citizenship status on cancer screening among immigrant women
127 Citations2005Israel De Alba, F. Allan Hubbell +3 more
Not being a U.S. citizen is a barrier to receiving cervical and breast cancer screening among immigrant women in California, and income, having a usual source of care, and having health insurance are associated with receiving cancer screening.
International Journal of Health ServicesPrevalence and Patterns of Discrimination among U.S. Health Care Consumers
115 Citations2003Thomas A. LaVeist, Nicole C. Rolley +1 more
Age, race, ethnicity, social class, sex, and health status placed respondents at greater risk of perceiving discrimination based on the corresponding source of discrimination.
Medical CareRacial Differences in How Patients Perceive Physician Communication Regarding Cardiac Testing
113 Citations2002Tracie C. Collins, Jack A. Clark +2 more
Although there were no apparent differences by race in patients’ perception of the information they received, black patients consistently expressed a preference for building a relationship with physicians before agreeing to an invasive cardiac procedure, and just as consistently complained that trust was lacking.
Journal of General Internal MedicinePerceived Discrimination and Self-Reported Quality of Care Among Latinos in the United States
100 Citations2009Debra Joy Pérez, William M. Sribney +1 more
Given the association between perceived discrimination and quality of care, strategies to address discrimination in health-care settings may lead to improved patient satisfaction with care and possibly to improved treatment outcomes.
American Journal of Medical QualityRace/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Satisfaction With Health Care
94 Citations2005Mark G. Haviland, Leo S. Morales +2 more
In general, satisfaction ratings were high across all global and composite measures; however, Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics gave lower ratings than did whites, and African Americans gave a mix of higher and lower ratings (vs whites).
The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and SafetyDo Health Care Ratings Differ by Race or Ethnicity?
65 Citations2003Mark G. Haviland, Leo S. Morales +2 more
This study of differences in health care experiences by race and ethnicity was the first to use nationally representative data and the results are consistent with those of other recent studies in which these racial and ethnic groups are represented.
American Journal of Medical QualityExplaining Low Ratings of Patient Satisfaction Among Asian-Americans
40 Citations2003Somnath Saha, David H. Hickam
Lower satisfaction ratings among Asians may be due to different response tendencies rather than to differences in quality of care, according to a national household telephone survey examining various aspects of health and health care across racial or ethnic groups.
PubMedMeasurement in a multi-ethnic society. Overview to the special issue.
37 Citations2006Jeanne A. Teresi, Anita L. Stewart +2 more
This special issue is to provide state-of-the-art overviews of both qualitative and quantitative methods that can be used to examine measurement equivalence in health disparities research and/or measurement methods and statistics.
Journal of General Internal MedicineAssociation Between Prior Experiences of Discrimination and Patients’ Attitudes Towards Health Care Providers Collecting Information About Race and Ethnicity
19 Citations2009Namratha R. Kandula, Romana Hasnain‐Wynia +3 more
Medical CareMeasurement in a Multi-Ethnic Society
15 Citations2006Jeanne A. Teresi, Anita L. Stewart +2 more
American Journal of Health PromotionConsumers of Health Information and Health Care: Challenging Assumptions and Defining Alternatives
11 Citations2003Shoshanna Sofaer, Jessie Gruman
How the term “consumer” is used by various stakeholders in the health care sector is described and the assumptions that underlie the notion that a “new” kind of health care consumer can (and should) have a significant effect on their own health and on the health Care system are challenged.