Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory.
Journal of Studies on AlcoholPublished 1 September 1992
Denise B. Kandel, Kazuo Yamaguchi, K Chen
Citations1,047
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TL;DR
Age of onset and frequency of use at a lower stage of drug use are strong predictors of further progression, and progression to illicit drugs among men is dependent upon prior use of alcohol.
Abstract
Sequential stages of involvement in alcohol and/or cigarettes, marijuana, other illicit drugs and medically prescribed psychoactive drugs from adolescence to adulthood are investigated in a longitudinal cohort that has been followed from ages 15 to 35. Alternative models of progression are tested for their goodness of fit. Four stages are identified: that of legal drugs, alcohol or cigarettes; marijuana; illicit drugs other than marijuana; and medically prescribed drugs. Whereas progression to illicit drugs among men is dependent upon prior use of alcohol, among women either cigarettes or alcohol is a sufficient condition for progression to marijuana. Age of onset and frequency of use at a lower stage of drug use are strong predictors of further progression.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicine
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