Role of pulmonary function tests in the prevention of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity during chemotherapy for metastatic testicular teratoma

Routine pulmonary function tests are unnecessary if the total bleomycin dose in less than or equal to 360 mg, unless there are particular risk factors, and late drug-induced pulmonary damage is unlikely to develop after treatment withdrawal.

Abstract

Thirty-eight men were treated for metastatic teratoma with up to four courses of chemotherapy, each containing 90 mg bleomycin. Routine pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before each course to assess their value in detecting bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. PFTs were repeated 2-5 yr after completion of chemotherapy in 10 disease-free survivors. Analysis of changes in individual PFT values showed a fall in the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) after 90 mg bleomycin (P less than 0.005). The DLco remained depressed with subsequent doses of bleomycin, but there was no further statistically significant fall. There was no significant change in any other PFT. Similarly, late PFT values showed no significant change. There was no correlation between changes in the visible extent of metastases as assessed from the chest radiography and changes in serial PFTs. It is concluded that routine PFTs are unnecessary if the total bleomycin dose in less than or equal to 360 mg, unless there are particular risk factors. Late drug-induced pulmonary damage is unlikely to develop after treatment withdrawal.