Top Research Papers on Addiction

D dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards, and most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Many have argued that digital technologies such as smartphones and social media are addictive. We develop an economic model of digital addiction and estimate it using a randomized experiment. Temporary incentives to reduce social media use have persistent effects, suggesting social media are habit forming. Allowing people to set limits on their future screen time substantially reduces use, suggesting self-control problems. Additional evidence suggests people are inattentive to habit formation and partially unaware of self-control problems. Looking at these facts through the lens of our model s...

Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enables learning—long-term potentiation (LTP)—of search and avoidance responses. It sets the stage for learning that occurs between glutamatergic sensory inputs and GABAergic motor-related outputs of the striatum; this learning establishes the ability to search and avoid. Independent of burst-firing, the...

Recent insights into the behavioral actions of nicotine, and the nAChR subtypes involved, which likely contribute to the development of tobacco dependence in smokers are reviewed.

The intricate bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and addiction is analyzed, showing surge of addictive behaviors (both new and relapse) including behavioral addiction in this period and people with SUD are at greater risk of worse CO VID-19 outcome.

This Review integrates accounts of the neuropharmacological mechanisms that underlie the transition to compulsion with overarching learning theories, to outline how compulsion develops in addiction, highlighting the conceptual distinctions between compulsive drug-seeking behaviour and compulsivedrug-taking behaviour.

Stigma and the Toll of Addiction Among the challenges in delivering appropriate care to the millions of people in the United States with substance use disorder is the chilling effect of stigma.

Broadly, the existing literature suggests biological and behavioral parallels between food addiction and substance addictions, with ultraprocessed foods high in both added fat and refined carbohydrates being most implicated in addictive-like eating.

Plenary presentationsas well be applied to the symptom oriented classification of gambling disorder (Rehm et al., 2013(Rehm et al., , 2014a(Rehm et al., , 2014b)).To this end, the appropriateness of the application of the concept of "heavy use over time" to gambling under the category of "addictive disorders" will be discussed.The concept of "heavy use" in the context of substance use disorders was found to be more relevant from a public health perspective, better fitted the empirical data, and was argued to reduce stigmatization and help to better and earlier reach those in need for help.

An overview of how sex and gender may influence epidemiology, clinical manifestations, social impact, and the neurobiological basis of these differences of women with SUD is presented, based on human research.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of different types of social media use on social media addiction and subjective well-being, and the relationship between social media addiction and subjective well-being. Using random sampling, we collected a sample of 370 Chinese college students. According to the scores of social media addiction scale, the respondents were divided into addicted group and non-addicted group. On the basis of literature review, a research model was constructed, which was verified by using the data of total students, addicted students and non-addicted studen...

The conceptual model of these hypothetical interactions between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, gaming internet disorder, and hikikomori-tendencies is proposed to solve these crucial issues for contemporary urban societies.

The risks of the collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics are described, which could put at risk those who have opioid use disorder and methamphetamine use disorder.

Problematic internet use parallels drug addiction, but the mechanisms are not yet clear

This study provides first evidence for distinct structural and functional correlates of behavioral addiction in individuals meeting psychometric criteria for SPA, and investigates gray matter volume and intrinsic neural activity in individuals with SPA.

The highest prevalence was found in the group of participants with eating disorders and weight disorders, which is a topic in which there has been a significant growth in studies.

The evidence is compiled that added sugar, and by proxy the ultraprocessed food category, meets the four criteria set by the public health community as necessary and sufficient for regulation—abuse, toxicity, ubiquity, and externalities.

Overall, clinical studies suggest that smoking is associated to decreased fertility, although causal inference should be further demonstrated, and clinical studies addressing the effect of alcohol consumption on female fertility provide conflicting results.

This systematic review assessed the efficacy of psilocybin in patients with a SUD or non-substance-related disorder with no publication date restrictions and found all four clinical trials indicated a beneficial effect of p silocybin-assisted therapy on SUD symptoms.

The effects of oncogenic driver mutations on the efficacy of ICIs and the immune tumour microenvironment as well as the potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited to overcome the challenges of immunotherapy for oncogene-addicted NSCLC are discussed.

This study adopted an inductive approach, analyzing contents of reviews and blogs, and uncovered a temporary sense of isolation and the addictive nature of virtual reality as hidden themes within virtual reality tourism experiences.

Research on smartphone use among college students is extensive. Although numerous studies have examined the relationships between mobile phone use and academic achievements, many such studies have yielded mixed findings. Hence, the overarching goal of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively synthesize existing research to investigate the effects of smartphone addiction on learning. The authors included 44 studies (45 effects) in the analysis yielding a sample size of N ​= ​147,943 college students from 16 countries. The results show that smartphone addiction negatively impacts students' lear...

ReDACT (Restoring Disomy in Aneuploid cells using CRISPR Targeting), a set of chromosome engineering tools that allow us to eliminate specific aneuploidies from cancer genomes, discovered that trisomy of chromosome 1q in particular is advantageous to cancer cells and phenocopies the loss of tumor suppressor TP53 signaling.

This review article focuses on the association between addiction and depression, highlighting the potential mediating role of the NAc in this comorbidity via the regulation of changes in the neural circuits and molecular signaling.

A systems biology model of BGM interactions is proposed, which incorporates published reports on food addiction, and novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis are provided.

Gene editing approaches may have the potential to directly modify specific genes to treat alcoholism caused by genetic defects and gene editing therapy such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) may be another potential research target.

Based on the consistent findings of positive associations between online addictions and mental health problems across cultures in combination with relatively high prevalence rates amongst adolescents and university students, further research is needed and prevention strategies and treatment offers require developing and implementing.

The study highlights that students with high levels of Internet addiction are more likely to be at an increased risk of negative outcomes such as insufficiently controlled Internet use.

It is shown that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death.

The expression of physical withdrawal symptoms depends mainly on the α2, α3, α5, and β4 nicotinic subunits in the epithalamic habenular complex and its target regions.

The results reveal that GIA may reflect a pattern of increasing human-machine interaction and be moderated by year, regions, types of scales, and sample representativeness.

This work critically review recent advances linking ferroptosis vulnerabilities of dedifferentiating and persister cancer cells to the dependency of these cells on iron, a potential Achilles heel for small-molecule intervention.

Findings point toward a predisposing vulnerability in the causation of addiction, related to impaired goal-directed actions, as well as countervailing resilience systems implicated in behavioral regulation, and may inform novel strategies for therapeutic and preventative interventions.

Social media companies commonly design their platforms in a way that renders them addictive. Some governments have declared internet addiction a major public health concern, and the World Health Organization has characterized excessive internet use as a growing problem. Our article shows why scholars, policy makers, and the managers of social media companies should treat social media addiction as a serious moral problem. While the benefits of social media are not negligible, we argue that social media addiction raises unique ethical concerns not raised by other, more familiar addictive product...

The effect sizes of gender-related differences in IGD and SMA at the country-level were significantly larger than those in generalized IA, which suggests that gender- related differences in specific IAs may be underestimated in the “umbrella” of generalized IA.

The initial level of problematic use of smartphone/internet increased the psychological distress among university students, and helping young adults address problematic Use of the smartphone/ internet may prevent psychological distress.

A BSMAS score of 24 is the optimal clinical cut-off score for future research that measure SMD and its impact on health among adolescents and criteria of “mood modification”, “conflict”), “withdrawal” and “relapse” are the most relevant to the diagnosis of SMA in Chinese adolescents.

The findings uncover the negative association between Instagram addiction and academic performance and show a positive impact of Instagram addiction on shyness and loneliness; although life satisfaction was positively influenced by academic performance, it was negatively influenced by shynessand loneliness.

The potential of harnessing clinical agents that target oncogene and non-oncogene addiction to enhance ICI sensitivity by converting immunologically ‘cold’ tumours into ‘hot’ lesions is discussed.

A proteolysis-targeting chimera degrader of the SWI/SNF ATPase subunits, SMARCA2 and SMARCA4, called AU-15330 is developed that induces potent inhibition of tumour growth in xenograft models of prostate cancer and synergizes with the AR antagonist enzalutamide, even inducing disease remission in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) models without toxicity.