Top Research Papers on Brain

Findings indicate that CBD can modify the deleterious effects on BBB caused by inflammatory cytokines and may play a pivotal role in ameliorating BBB dysfunction consequent to ischemia, supporting the therapeutic potential of CBD for the treatment of ischemic and inflammatory diseases of CNS.

This approach revolutionizes brain-targeting strategies by implementing a two-step targeting method which exploits the physiology of the BBB to generate the required brain specificity for nanoparticle delivery, paving the way to overcome targeting limitations and achieve clinical translation of neurological therapies.

Emerging and exciting evidence of intricate and crucial connections between the gut microbiota and the brain involving multiple biological systems, and possible contributions by the Gut microbiota to neurological disorders are discussed.

How BBB integrity adjusts in critical stages along the life span is summarized, as well as how BBB permeability can be altered by common stressors derived from nutritional habits, environmental factors and psychological stress.

The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases.

It is argued that the key principles underlying backprop may indeed have a role in brain function and induce neural activities whose differences can be used to locally approximate these signals and hence drive effective learning in deep networks in the brain.

Parts of the unique architecture of brain arterioles, histomorphologic features of B-ASC, relevant neuroimaging findings, epidemiology and association with aging, established genetic risk factors, and the co-occurrence with other neuropathologic conditions are described.

Music is ubiquitous across human cultures - as a source of affective and pleasurable experience, moving us both physically and emotionally - and learning to play music shapes both brain structure and brain function. Music processing in the brain - namely, the perception of melody, harmony and rhythm - has traditionally been studied as an auditory phenomenon using passive listening paradigms. However, when listening to music, we actively generate predictions about what is likely to happen next. This enactive aspect has led to a more comprehensive understanding of music processing involving brai...

This work reviews neural and behavioral data in sequential decision-making tasks that elucidate the ways in which the brain does-and does not-plan and proposes a new approach leveraging AI advances to drive experiments that can adjudicate between competing candidate algorithms.

Future drug or gene development for the brain will be accelerated by future advances in BBB delivery technology in parallel with new drug discovery.

B-ECM hydrogels can be used as an alternative scaffold for human cerebral organoid formation, and may be further optimized for improved organoid growth by further improving protein retention other than collagen after decellularization.

Many molecules have been developed in the last years with a better penetration across BBB, resulting in better progression-free survival and overall survival compared to older molecules, and promising studies concerning neural stem cells, CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptors) strategies and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing.

The current review provides an overview of the BBB, novel detection methods for disruption, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in regulating its stability following TBI.

This review firmly establishes TBI as a systemic condition and describes the growing evidence of how extracranial factors, such as polytrauma and infection, can significantly alter TBI neuropathology.

Gene and protein expression data provide useful resources for understanding brain function, but little is known about the lipid composition of the brain. Here, we perform quantitative shotgun lipidomics, which enables a cell-type-resolved assessment of the mouse brain lipid composition. We quantify around 700 lipid species and evaluate lipid features including fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and number of acyl chain double bonds, thereby identifying cell-type- and brain-region-specific lipid profiles in adult mice, as well as in aged mice, in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice, in a model...

The importance of brain-gut communication in maintaining GI homeostasis highlights it as a viable therapeutic target for TBI, and treatments directed toward dysautonomia, dysbiosis, and/or systemic inflammation offer the most promise.

Changes in neuronal excitability systems during this period that lead to neural circuit reformation after stroke are reviewed, and how they may be targeted to promote functional recovery is reviewed.

This review focuses on nanoscale brain-targeting drug delivery strategies designed based on BBB evolutions and related applications in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and brain tumor.

This study shows that patient-derived α-synuclein aggregates are able to induce nigrostriatal lesions and enteric nervous system pathology after either enteric or striatal injection in a non-human primate model, and suggests a possible systemic mechanism in which the general circulation would act as a route for long-distance bidirectional transmission of endogenous α- synuclein between the enteric and the central nervous systems.

This review briefly retraces the main discoveries linking the activity of gut microbiota to prevalent brain neurodegenerative disorders, and provides a deep insight into the state-of-the-art for in vitro modeling of the brain and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), two key players of the MGBA.