Top Research Papers on Dopamine

D dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards, and most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Parkinson resting tremor can be divided into 3 partially overlapping phenotypes, based on the dopamine response, which may be associated with different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, requiring a different therapeutic approach.

The aims of this review were to discuss and explain the role of dopamine and explore its physiology and specificity in Parkinson's disease, as well as its role in other physiological functions.

Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enables learning—long-term potentiation (LTP)—of search and avoidance responses. It sets the stage for learning that occurs between glutamatergic sensory inputs and GABAergic motor-related outputs of the striatum; this learning establishes the ability to search and avoid. Independent of burst-firing, the...

This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopamine regulation of immunity.

The biosynthesis of dopamine is described, as well as its role in plant growth and development, and endogenous or exogenously applied dopamine improved the tolerance against several abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and nutrient stress.

Dopamine detection focusing on the molecular recognition methods including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, as well as new advances based on nanomaterials and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are discussed, promising rapid detection and increased selectivity.

The evidence indicates that impaired dopamine release can result from disruption to a diverse range of Parkinson’s disease-associated genetic and molecular disturbances, and can be considered as a potential pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

The findings reveal that the midbrain dopamine system contains subsystems that track different modalities and stages of ingestion, on timescales from seconds to tens of minutes, and that this information is used to drive learning about the consequences of ingestion.

The domain-overlap model is proposed, in which release and receptors are arranged relative to one another in micrometre-scale structures, which enables the activation of receptor subsets that are within micromets-scale domains of release sites during baseline activity and broader receptor activation with domain overlap when firing is synchronized across dopamine neuron populations.

A pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains, and recent discoveries on DA-linked pathophysiologic pathways are highlighted.

The materials (metals and metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers) that are frequently used for the electrochemical biosensing of dopamine and point out their respective advantages and drawbacks are reviewed.

An algorithm for retrospective causal learning was developed and it was found that mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations but not RPE, thereby challenging the dominant theory of reward learning.

This review discusses how dopaminergic, serotonin, and endocannabinoid systems interact at the cellular and circuit levels, and the potential relevance for motivated behavior.

Rapid phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is thought to signal reward prediction errors (RPEs), resembling temporal difference errors used in machine learning. However, recent studies describing slowly increasing dopamine signals have instead proposed that they represent state values and arise independent from somatic spiking activity. Here we developed experimental paradigms using virtual reality that disambiguate RPEs from values. We examined dopamine circuit activity at various stages, including somatic spiking, calcium signals at somata and axons, and striatal dopamine concentrati...

A major challenge is to reconcile RPE theory with other current theories of dopamine function to account for dopamine's role in movement, motivation, and goal-directed planning.

The development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.

This study illustrates that adhesiveness can be regulated by changing the degree of dopamine substitution, and shows that this tunable Gel-dop adhesives are to non-cytotoxic, indicating a potential use in clinic applications.

A more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of how sex differences in dopamine function manifest will be particularly important in developing evidence-based therapeutics that target this system and show efficacy in both sexes.

Abstract The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT density is implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by neuroimaging; dopamine turnover is dopamine turnover is elevated in early symptomatic PD and in presymptomatic individuals with monogenic mutations causal for parkinsonism. As an integral plasma membrane protein, DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated through endocytic trafficking, enabling flexible control of dopamine signaling in time and space, whic...