Top Research Papers on Physics

The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF,...

Physical activity and physical exercise are key factors to help the population to mitigate the effects that the current pandemic is causing on the mental and physical health of citizens worldwide.

The 4th edition of this highly successful textbook features copious material for a complete upper-level undergraduate or graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a specialized topic and begin supervised research. The textbook provides an integrated approach beginning from the essential principles of solid-state and semiconductor physics to their use in various classic and modern semiconductor devices for applications in electronics and photonics. The text highlights many practical aspects of semiconductors: alloys, strain, heterostructures, nanostructures, amorphous ...

The future for social physics is bright, by comprehensively (but not exhaustively) reviewing the current state of the art of physics-inspired and physics-like work on societal problems, and paying respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured the field to its maturity.

The state-of-the-art architectures and their applications are reviewed, limitations are discussed, and future research opportunities are presented in terms of improving algorithms, considering causalities, expanding applications, and coupling scientific and deep learning solvers.

This book is about the dark photon which is a new gauge boson whose existence has been conjectured. Due to its interaction with the ordinary, visible photon, such a particle can be experimentally detected via specific signatures. In this book, the authors review the physics of the dark photon from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They discuss the difference between the massive and the massless case, highlighting how the two phenomena arise from the same vector portal between the dark and the visible sector. A review of the cosmological and astrophysical observations is provided,...

Definition of a plasma. Single-particle motion: Uniform fields. Static, non-uniform fields. Tune-dependent fields. Mappings. Plasmas as fluids: Fluid equations for a plasma. Relation between fluid equations and guiding-centre drifts. Single-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. Small-Larmor-radius approximation. Magnetohydrodynanmic equilibrium. Collisional processes in plasmas: Fully and partially ionized plasmas. Collisions in fully ionized plasmas. Diffusion in plasmas. The Fokker-Planck equation for Coulomb collisions. Collisions of beam ions in a plasma. Waves and instabilities in a fluid plasma: W...

This book provides a thorough overview of mathematical physics, highlighting classical topics as well as recent developments.

Beneficial microbes, including probiotics, may promote health in athletes and enhance physical performance and exercise capacity and the modes of action behind their potential benefits are discussed.

Posttransplant exercise improves fitness, which is a conclusion based on 2 observational studies and 3 randomized trials that assessed endpoints of strength testing, energy expenditure in metabolic equivalents, and peak or maximal oxygen uptake.

The authors provide a conceptual framework and discuss the origins of these distinct physical traits of cancer and how they enable and synergize with aberrant cancer biology to fuel cancer initiation, progression, immune evasion, and treatment resistance.

Advances in quantum technologies are giving rise to a revolution in the way fundamental physics questions are explored at the empirical level. At the same time, they are the seeds for future disruptive technological applications of quantum physics. Remarkably, a space-based environment may open many new avenues for exploring and employing quantum physics and technologies. Recently, space missions employing quantum technologies for fundamental or applied studies have been proposed and implemented with stunning results. The combination of quantum physics and its space application is the focus of...

This Perspective article provides a systematic explanation of why and how optics might be able to give speed or energy-efficiency benefits over electronics for computing, enumerating 11 features of optics that can be harnessed when designing an optical computer.

We study the imprints of new ultralight particles on the gravitational-wave signals emitted by binary black holes. Superradiant instabilities may create large clouds of scalar or vector fields around rotating black holes. The presence of a binary companion then induces transitions between different states of the cloud, which become resonantly enhanced when the orbital frequency matches the energy gap between the states. We find that the time dependence of the orbit significantly impacts the cloud's dynamics during a transition. Following an analogy with particle colliders, we introduce an S-ma...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector\nat 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial\nvolume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in\nneutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass\nordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be\nmeasured to a precision of 0.6% or better by detecting reactor antineutrinos.\nWith 10 years of data, DSNB could be observed at 3-sigma; a lower limit of the\nproton lifetime of 8.34e33 years (90% C.L.) can be ...

Physical Chemistry provides a comprehensive overview of this topic. It starts off with looking into the properties of gases. It then covers the First, Second, and Third Laws. Next it looks into physical transformations of pure substances, simple mixtures, and chemical equilibrium. The text also considers quantum theory, atomic structure and spectra, molecular structure, molecular symmetry, and molecular spectroscopy. There follows a chapter about magnetic resonance. The text then looks at statistical thermodynamics. The last quarter of the book considers molecular interactions, solids, molecul...

A review is given on the foundations and applications of non-Hermitian classical and quantum physics. First, key theorems and central concepts in non-Hermitian linear algebra, including Jordan normal form, biorthogonality, exceptional points, pseudo-Hermiticity, and parity-time symmetry, are delineated in a pedagogical and mathematically coherent manner. Building on these, we provide an overview of how diverse classical systems, ranging from photonics, mechanics, electrical circuits, and acoustics to active matter, can be used to simulate non-Hermitian wave physics. In particular, we discuss r...

Preface. Acknowledgments. Dedication. Glossary. 1. Volcanic Systems. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Styles of Volcanic Eruptions. 1.3 Volcanic Systems. 1.4 The Structure and Aims of this Book. 1.5 Further Reading. 1.6 Questions to Think About. 2. Magma Generation and Segregation. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Rock Melting Mechanisms. 2.3 Volcanism and Plate Tectonics. 2.4 Melting and Melt Segregation in the Mantle. 2.5 Summary. 2.6 Further Reading. 2.7 Questions to Think About. 3. Magma Migration. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Diapiric Rise of Melt. 3.3 The Change from Diapir Rise to Dike Formation. 3.4 Dike Propagati...

This book introduces the concepts of physical chemistry of polymers in a format targeted for a blended-learning approach. It provides a basis to bridge polymer chemistry, which targets microscopic chain structures, and polymer engineering, which targets macroscopic material properties and functions. Topics covered are single chain statistics, multi-chain interactions, and chain dynamics, both from a viewpoint of structure, properties (mostly mechanical ones), and their interrelation. In all that, the author encourages the reader to think conceptually. Explains complex facts through simplifying...

This concise volume presents an overview of mathematical physics & generalized functions, an in-depth study of the “generalized” differential equation.