Top Research Papers on Physics

Physical activity and physical exercise are key factors to help the population to mitigate the effects that the current pandemic is causing on the mental and physical health of citizens worldwide.

The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF,...

The 4th edition of this highly successful textbook features copious material for a complete upper-level undergraduate or graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a specialized topic and begin supervised research. The textbook provides an integrated approach beginning from the essential principles of solid-state and semiconductor physics to their use in various classic and modern semiconductor devices for applications in electronics and photonics. The text highlights many practical aspects of semiconductors: alloys, strain, heterostructures, nanostructures, amorphous ...

The future for social physics is bright, by comprehensively (but not exhaustively) reviewing the current state of the art of physics-inspired and physics-like work on societal problems, and paying respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured the field to its maturity.

The state-of-the-art architectures and their applications are reviewed, limitations are discussed, and future research opportunities are presented in terms of improving algorithms, considering causalities, expanding applications, and coupling scientific and deep learning solvers.

This book is about the dark photon which is a new gauge boson whose existence has been conjectured. Due to its interaction with the ordinary, visible photon, such a particle can be experimentally detected via specific signatures. In this book, the authors review the physics of the dark photon from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They discuss the difference between the massive and the massless case, highlighting how the two phenomena arise from the same vector portal between the dark and the visible sector. A review of the cosmological and astrophysical observations is provided,...

Posttransplant exercise improves fitness, which is a conclusion based on 2 observational studies and 3 randomized trials that assessed endpoints of strength testing, energy expenditure in metabolic equivalents, and peak or maximal oxygen uptake.

Beneficial microbes, including probiotics, may promote health in athletes and enhance physical performance and exercise capacity and the modes of action behind their potential benefits are discussed.

Problems in theoretical physics often lead to paradoxical answers; yet closer reasoning and a more complete analysis invariably lead to the resolution of the paradox and to a deeper understanding of the physics involved. Drawing primarily from his own experience and that of his collaborators, Sir Rudolf Peierls selects examples of such from a wide range of physical theory, from quantum mechanical scattering theory to the theory of relativity, from irreversibility in statistical mechanics to the behavior of electrons in solids. By studying such surprises and learning what kind of possibilities ...

Definition of a plasma. Single-particle motion: Uniform fields. Static, non-uniform fields. Tune-dependent fields. Mappings. Plasmas as fluids: Fluid equations for a plasma. Relation between fluid equations and guiding-centre drifts. Single-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. Small-Larmor-radius approximation. Magnetohydrodynanmic equilibrium. Collisional processes in plasmas: Fully and partially ionized plasmas. Collisions in fully ionized plasmas. Diffusion in plasmas. The Fokker-Planck equation for Coulomb collisions. Collisions of beam ions in a plasma. Waves and instabilities in a fluid plasma: W...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton LS detector\nat 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial\nvolume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in\nneutrino and astro-particle physics. With 6 years of data, the neutrino mass\nordering can be determined at 3-4 sigma and three oscillation parameters can be\nmeasured to a precision of 0.6% or better by detecting reactor antineutrinos.\nWith 10 years of data, DSNB could be observed at 3-sigma; a lower limit of the\nproton lifetime of 8.34e33 years (90% C.L.) can be ...

This book provides a thorough overview of mathematical physics, highlighting classical topics as well as recent developments.

The handbook offers valuable information on nuclear physics, unstable nuclei, and their exotic structures, which has been developed by RI beam technology.

This Perspective article provides a systematic explanation of why and how optics might be able to give speed or energy-efficiency benefits over electronics for computing, enumerating 11 features of optics that can be harnessed when designing an optical computer.

We study the imprints of new ultralight particles on the gravitational-wave signals emitted by binary black holes. Superradiant instabilities may create large clouds of scalar or vector fields around rotating black holes. The presence of a binary companion then induces transitions between different states of the cloud, which become resonantly enhanced when the orbital frequency matches the energy gap between the states. We find that the time dependence of the orbit significantly impacts the cloud's dynamics during a transition. Following an analogy with particle colliders, we introduce an S-ma...

This analysis is particularly timely since financial stability as well as recent innovations in climate finance, once properly analysed and understood in terms of complex network theory, can play a pivotal role in the transformation of the authors' society towards a more sustainable world.

In the late 1980s, the relationship between physical activity or exercise and aging was one of great contemporary interest. On the one hand there was a growing elderly population in industrialized societies seeking an active rather than a passive retirement, while on the other hand there was much current interest in the benefits to health of physical activity. The first edition of this book, published in 1978, was acknowledged as a major review of the field. In the years since its publication, however, there were many advances in our knowledge, made evident by the fact that this second edition...

Abstract The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, G...

Classical, Conformal and Topological Field Theory Classical Mechanics Condensed Matter Physics and Optics Differential Geometry Dirac Operators Dynamical Systems Fluid Dynamics Functional Analysis and Variational Techniques Gauge Theory General Relativity Integrable Systems Lie Groups and Lie Algebras Many Particle Systems Noncommutative Geometry Partial Differential Equations and ODEs Path Integrals and Functional Integrals Perturbation Theory Quantization Techniques Quantum Field Theory Quantum Gravity Quantum Groups Quantum Information and Computation Quantum Mechanics Renormalization Scatt...

The focus is on the dynamical properties of viruses, the different physical virology techniques that are being used to study them, and the physical concepts that have been developed to describe viral dynamics.