Top Research Papers on Transportation Engineering

This book elucidates the important role of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer, mass transport in solids and fluids, and internal and external fluid flow in the behavior of materials processes. These phenomena are critical in materials engineering because of the connection of transport to the evolution and distribution of microstructural properties during processing. From making choices in the derivation of fundamental conservation equations, to using scaling (order-of-magnitude) analysis showing relationships among different phenomena, to giving examples of how to represent re...

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Polyethylene (PE) has emerged recently as a promising polymer for incorporation in wearable textiles owing to its high infrared transparency and tuneable visible opacity, which allows the human body to cool via thermal radiation, potentially saving energy on building refrigeration. Here, we show that single-material PE fabrics may offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional textiles, extending beyond radiative cooling. PE fabrics exhibit ultra-light weight, low material cost and recyclability. Industrial materials sustainability (Higg) index calculations predict a low env...

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells are new members of trillion‐dollar semiconductor industry. The structure of these devices generally consists of a stack of several organic layers sandwiched between two electrodes. The electronic processes such as the energy‐level alignment at and charge transport across these interfaces play a key role to the overall performance of the organic devices. Thus, interface physics is important for design and engineering of organic devices. Herein, recent progress in energy‐level alignment at and charge transport across organic interface...

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with angstrom-sized pores are promising functional nanomaterials for the fabrication of cation permselective membranes (MOF-CPMs). However, only a few research reports show successful preparation of the MOF-CPMs with good cation separation performance due to several inherent problems in MOFs, such as arduous self-assembly, poor water resistance, and tedious fabrication strategies. Besides, low cation permeation flux due to the absence of the cation permeation assisting functionalities in MOFs is another big issue, which limits their widespread use in me...

The electron transport layer plays an essential part for high-performing perovskite solar cells, on which successful extraction of charges from light harvester and the transfer to the electrode are critically dependent.

Current Greenhous gas emissions (GHG) from maritime transport represent around 3% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions and will have to be cut in half by 2050 to meet Paris agreement goals. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is by many seen as a potential transition fuel for decarbonizing shipping. Its favorable hydrogen to carbon ratio compared to diesel (marine gas oil, MGO) or bunker fuel (heavy fuel oil, HFO) translates directly into lower carbon emissions per kilowatt produced. However, these gains may be nullified once one includes the higher Well-to-tank emissions (WTT) of the LNG supply chai...

Abstract One of the most prominent hole‐transporting material (HTM) for hybrid perovskite solar cells has been 2,2″,7,7″‐tetrakis[ N , N ‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), which is commonly doped with metal bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (M(TFSI) n ) salts that contribute to generating the active radical cation HTM species. The underlying role of the metal cation, however, remains elusive. Here, the effect of metal cations (M = Li, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Sc) on doping spiro‐OMeTAD is analyzed by a combination of techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spe...

Modifying the exposed upper surface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has greatly contributed to improving their photovoltaic performance. The equally important buried interface (that is, the hidden bottom of perovskite film and the beginning of perovskite film crystallization) is much less studied due to great difficulties in tailoring it. Here we expose the large-area buried interface non-destructively for direct investigation. We find that the disordered beginning of the perovskite film growth deteriorates the buried interface. To address this issue, instead of using a passivator, we synthes...

Through molecular precursor engineering of COFs, the fabrication of tight COFs membrane with the ever-reported highest hydroxide ion conductivity is reported, conferring around 4~8 times the anion conductivity over the loose membranes via interfacial polymerization process.

Abstract The electron transport layer plays a key role in affecting the charge dynamics and photovoltaic parameters in perovskite solar cells. Compared to other counterparts, SnO 2 has unique advantages such as low temperature fabrication and high electron extraction ability, and it receives extra attentions from the research community since the first report. Planar‐type perovskite solar cells based on SnO 2 exhibit a simple architecture and state of art device can achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 23%, which can compete with traditional devices using mesoporous TiO 2 . The modific...

The automotive industry is experiencing a revolutionary moment in search of reducing the carbon footprint from its activities. Despite the demand for lower pollutant vehicles, there is no need for a complete disruption of the current industrial production processes. Notably, electric vehicles have been promoted by some parties as the only and best solution for the sustainable future of mobility, to the detriment of the internal combustion engine. This tendentious point of view, although controversial and potentially dangerous, has been gaining strength especially after the pandemic started in ...

Although oxygen vacancies (Ovs) have been intensively studied in single semiconductor photocatalysts, exploration of intrinsic mechanisms and in-depth understanding of Ovs in S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are still limited. Herein, a novel S-scheme photocatalyst made from WO 3 -Ov/In 2 S 3 with Ovs at the heterointerface is rationally designed. The microscopic environment and local electronic structure of the S-scheme heterointerface are well optimized by Ovs. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) reveals that Ovs trigger additional charge movement routes and therefor...

Although great interest is focused on development of semiconductor photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, the pressing bottleneck to address the intrinsic charge transport for enhancement of PEC performance still remains to be resolved. Herein, hole transport layer (Fh-MXene) constructed by doping of MXene (Ti3C2) in Ferrihydrite (Fh) is loaded on BiVO4 photoanode. This novel BiVO4@Fh-MXene photoanode achieves high current density of 4.55 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), exhibiting excellent photostability. From electrochemical an...

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted extensive attention and are considered to be promising energy storage devices, owing to their low cost, eco‐friendliness, and high security. However, insufficient energy density has become the bottleneck for practical applications, which is greatly influenced by their cathodes and makes the exploration of high‐performance cathodes still a great challenge. This review underscores the recent advances in the rational design of advanced cathodes for AZIBs. The review starts with a brief summary and evaluation of cathode materi...

As our society becomes increasingly dependent on engineering and technology, it is more important than ever that everyone have a basic understanding of what engineers do, and the uses and implications of the technologies they create.Yet few citizens are technologically literate, in large part because technology and engineering are not taught in our schools 1 .Just as it is important to begin science instruction in the elementary grades by building on children's curiosity about the natural world, it's important to begin engineering instruction in elementary school by building on children's natu...

Recently, solar-driven gas-liquid interfacial evaporation has mainly concentrated on the improvement of sunlight absorption efficiency while neglecting the regulation of water transportation. The blind pursuit of superwetting material design has ignored using excessive water transport instead to add unnecessary heat loss. Furthermore, the material biosafety also should be focused which can avoid damage to water-source biology and humans during application. Here, we successfully designed a biosafety cuttlefish juice (CJ)-based solar absorber via rotary filling SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to optimi...

This review provides an overview of different strategies to improve the ion transport of MOF/polymer composite electrolytes and stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface.

A mitochondria-targeting, defect-engineered AFCT nanozyme with enhanced multi-enzymatic activity was elaborately designed as a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activatable phototheranostic agent to achieve remarkable anti-tumor therapy via "electron transport chain (ETC) interference and synergistic adjuvant therapy".

Abstract Sluggish transport kinetics and rapid dendrite growth are considered the main obstacles that impair the performance of Zn metal batteries. This work has developed a unique strategy of dual‐interface engineering (DIE) to design the separator as efficient ions transport modulator. The dual function of spontaneous polarization effect and high zincophilicity of BaTiO 3 (BTO) is revealed by combining the theoretical and experimental studies. Benefiting from the decoration of BTO on glass fiber and well filling of the surface interspace, the DIE‐modified separator can not only effectively c...