Top Research Papers on Ulcerative Colitis

An UC-IUS index was developed which showed strong correlation with endoscopic disease activity using internal validation and is currently being validated in prospective studies.

The epidemiology, the current understanding of ulcerative colitis pathophysiology and its diagnosis are described, and the current and emerging therapeutic strategies are highlighted and the most pressing questions in the field are discussed.

Ulcerative colitis is a lifelong inflammatory disease affecting the rectum and colon to a variable extent. In 2023, the prevalence of ulcerative colitis was estimated to be 5 million cases around the world, and the incidence is increasing worldwide. Ulcerative colitis is thought to occur in people with a genetic predisposition following environmental exposures; gut epithelial barrier defects, the microbiota, and a dysregulated immune response are strongly implicated. Patients usually present with bloody diarrhoea, and the diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, endoscopic,...

This JAMA Patient Page describes the condition of ulcerative colitis and its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

An effective treatment for mild to moderate UC is 5-aminosalicylic acid, whereas moderate to severe UC can be treated with advanced therapies that target specific inflammation pathways, including monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor, α4β7 integrins, and IL-12 andIL-23 cytokines, as well as oral small molecule therapies targeting janus kinase or sphingosine-1-phosphate.

As the global UC incidence and prevalence continues to increase, there are multiple opportunities for continued investigation to clarify the understanding of UC, identify potential predictors of disease severity, response to therapy, and novel therapeutic targets.

Novel therapeutic approaches to UC are explored, including promising drugs in various stages of development, efforts to maximize the efficacy of currently available treatment options, and non-medication-based modalities.

Some drugs have been shown to that prevent and treat CAC effectively by targeting macrophages, which play an important role both in inflammatory response and tumor immunity.

The primary objective was to determine the efficacy of probiotics compared to placebo, no treatment, or any other intervention for the maintenance of remission in people with ulcerative colitis and the occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of Probiotics.

Probiotics did not lead to any serious adverse events in any of the seven studies that reported on it, however five adverse events were reported in the placebo arm of one study, and the certainty of the evidence was low.

A wide variety of drugs are now available for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, enabling the individualized choice of the best treatment for each patient.

A set of inflammatory proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be upregulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.

Mirikizumab was more effective than placebo in inducing and maintaining clinical remission in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

The history of severity scoring in UC is reviewed and a concise, clinically oriented approach to assessing disease severity is provided.

The findings of such studies strongly support the argument that future targeted therapies must focus on differences in cytokine levels associated with the stages of UC as well as on the distinct cytokine expression profiles of individual patients.

The molecular mechanisms related to macrophage polarization and the interactions between signaling pathways that regulate the pathogenesis of UC are reviewed and the macrophages-based nanotherapeutic strategies in UC are summarized.

Ozanimod was more effective than placebo as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and key secondary end points were significantly improved with ozanimod as compared with placebo in both periods.

Sutterella does not appear to induce substantial inflammation; rather, it has a capacity to degrade IgA; this activity, however, is not conserved, presenting a key target to deciphering the influence of Sutterella on the host.

The present article addresses medical treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis and surgical management of medically refractory UC patients, including preoperative optimization, surgical strategies, and technical issues.

Novel developments in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis are focused on, which suggest a de-regulation in the normal interaction among host genetics, immunity, microbiome, and the environment.

In patients with UC, six Bacteroides species exhibited significantly lower relative abundance, and twelve Bacteroidetes species were found significantly correlated with at least one metric of disease activity, which may exacerbate UC activity.

The present article addresses medical treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis and surgical management of medically refractory UC patients, including preoperative optimisation, surgical strategies, and technical issues.

The fabrication of 3D printed self-supporting suppositories to deliver personalised doses of a narrow therapeutic index drug, with potential benefits for patients with ulcerative colitis is reported on.

This Review objectively itemise the boundaries of therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis, provide possible explanations for the shortcomings of current strategies, and propose solutions to achieve better therapeutic outcomes in ulcersive colitis.

These underlying mechanisms are summarized and updated, and related interventions for treating UC, such as dietary adjustment, exogenous repair of the mucus barrier, microbiota transplantation and targeted elimination of pathogenic bacteria, are suggested.

A better understanding of the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the colon's mucus layer, which covers and protects intestinal tissue, could aid in developing effective treatments for ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease.

Clinical guidelines on optimal drug therapy in moderate-severe UC are developed, with limited guidance on comparative efficacy and safety of different treatments, leading to considerable practice variability.

The prospects of harnessing the gut microbiota to improve understanding of the etiology of CD and UC and to develop novel prognostic, and therapeutic approaches are highlighted.

Real-world safety signals for tofacitinib are similar to those for clinical trials, with AEs reported from almost 16% of patients, support dose de-escalation after induction therapy, to reduce the risk of AEs.

Dietary patterns with high inflammatory potential are found to be associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease but not UC.

Increased fecal proteolytic activity that precedes the clinical diagnosis of UC and associates with gut microbiota changes is identified and may constitute a non-invasive biomarker of inflammation to monitor at-risk populations that can be targeted therapeutically with anti-proteases.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. It affects 5 million people globally, and is a chronic and recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with clinical presentation of abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The cause and the etiology of UC remain poorly understood. There is no cure and no 'gold standard diagnostic' for UC. The existing treatments are ineffective, and UC patients have a lower life expectancy with a risk of colorectal cancer. Recent studies in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and biomarkers ...

In a phase 2b trial, 8 weeks treatment with upadacitinib was more effective than placebo for inducing remission in patients with moderately to severely active UC.

This review focuses on treatment recommendations for different clinical scenarios in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: Active UC of any extent not responding to aminosalicylates, steroid-dependent UC, steroids-refractory UC, immunomodulator-refracted UC, and acute severe UC.

Early results support the potential for artificial intelligence to provide endoscopic disease grading in UC that approximates the scoring of experienced reviewers and support the possible use of convolutional neural networks.

A significant majority of ulcerative colitis patients had autoantibodies against integrin αvβ6, which may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity.

The results suggest that ferroptosis involves in IEC death in UC, NF-κBp65 play a critical role in the ferroPTotic inhibition, and ferroaptosis is a potential therapeutic target for UC.

Findings suggest that CUR protects against ferroptosis in UC by the induction of GPX4, which presents a potential agent for UC treatment.

Dioscin protected mice against DSS-induced UC by regulating mTOR signalling, thereby adjusting macrophage metabolism and polarization, and showed that Dioscin ameliorated colitis in mice, reduced Macrophage M1 polarization, but markedly promoted M2 polarization in mice colon.

Oral 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo for maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis (UC), but had a significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP.