Top Research Papers on Universal Human Values

The Tanner Lectures on Human Values The trustees Preface to Volume VII 1. The standard of living Amartya Sen 2. Moderation, rationality and virtue Michael Slote 3. Authority and inequality under capitalism and socialism Marrington Moore, Jr. 4. The paradoxes of political liberty Quentin Skinner 5. The uses of diversity Clifford Geetz The Tanner Lecturers Index to Volume VII.

In this article in the series on artificial intelligence in medicine, the authors explore how human values influence the outputs of large language models and other artificial intelligence models.

With the ETHICS dataset, it is found that current language models have a promising but incomplete understanding of basic ethical knowledge, and it provides a steppingstone toward AI that is aligned with human values.

A simple and robust scaling law is revealed that captures the temporal and spatial spectrum of population movement on the basis of large-scale mobility data from diverse cities around the globe and gives rise to prominent spatial clusters with an area distribution that follows Zipf's law.

The results indicate a well-conserved dermal community that is functionally distinct from the epidermal community, challenging the current dogma and future studies in cutaneous disorders and chronic infections may benefit by focusing on the dermal microbiota as a persistent microbial community.

This meticulously researched recounting of the last decade of research into AI safety provides a broad perspective of the field and its future and explores the alignment problem in the context of reinforcement learning.

Human feelings measured in integers ( my happiness is an 8 out of 10 , my pain 2 out of 6 ) have no objective scientific basis. They are “made-up” numbers on a scale that does not exist. Yet such data are extensively collected—despite criticism from, especially, economists—by governments and international organizations. We examine this paradox. We draw upon longitudinal information on the feelings and decisions of tens of thousands of randomly sampled citizens followed through time over four decades in three countries ( n = 700,000 approximately). First, we show that a single feelings integer ...

This Review summarizes recent advances in the molecular, cellular, and clinical characterization of human inborn errors of immunity and challenges a number of immunological notions initially established in inbred mice.

The term “Metaverse” first used in Neal Stephenson's sci-fi book Snow Crash in 1992, refers to a fusion of virtual and real existence. Nearly 30 years later, that definition is taking shape and promises to alter how people live and operate. This next evolution of Internet also known as Web3.0 will combine digital and physical elements. Multiple definitions can be found in the literature, with the most prevalent being the “new internet”, among others such as “democratized virtual society”, “persistent virtual spaces”, “a digital twin of our own world for personalized value creation”. Consequent...

The differences in nutritional value of milk could be perceived as a milk profile marker, helping to choose the best food for human nutrition.

Human values are identified as particularly important in driving both behavioural compliance to government guidelines and promoting prosocial behaviours to alleviate the strains arising from a prolonged pandemic.

It is demonstrated that ChP enlargement—reconstructed from MRI—is highly associated with acute disease activity, both in the studied mouse models and in humans, and could serve as a promising interspecies marker for translational and reverse-translational approaches.

Abstract There is a growing research interest in a variety of emotions in foreign and second language (L2) classrooms, especially since the introduction of positive psychology. However, research on the ubiquitous emotional experience of boredom is scant. Building on its prevalence and documented deleterious effects, I argue that research on the antecedents for the instigation of boredom is needed. Based on the control–value theory (CVT) of achievement emotions in educational psychology, this study took a mixed methods approach to examine control–value appraisals as antecedents of boredom in En...

Over one million CCS values of tryptic peptides are measured and a deep learning model for peptide CCS prediction is developed, forming a basis for advanced proteomics workflows that make full use of the additional information.

The strategy for deriving HBM-GVs is based on already existing approaches from the German HBM Commission, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety as well as from the US-based scientific consultant Summit Toxicology, the allocation of a level of confidence to the derived values, and the consultation process within the project are comprehensively described to enlighten the work accomplished under the HBM4EU initiative.

The focus of this work was to present U.S. based reference and background exposure values for heavy metals and chromium, although the tool can use inputs that may be more appropriate for other countries, cultures, and situations.

The link to this resource on the website of the Parliament of Ghana is broken (or blocks IP addresses that are not in Ghana). In the interest of freedom of information and academic rigour, I am uploading it to provide a DOI for this resource.

Abstract In its original version, control-value theory describes and explains achievement emotions. More recently, the theory has been expanded to also explain epistemic, social, and existential emotions. In this article, I outline the development of the theory, from preliminary work in the 1980s to early versions of the theory and the recent generalized control-value theory. I provide summaries of the theory’s evidence-based propositions on antecedents, outcomes, and regulation of emotions, including the fundamentally important role of control and value appraisals across different types of hu...

This work applies the stacked modeling approach to produce a universal chromatin state annotation of the human genome using over 1000 datasets from more than 100 cell types, with the learned model denoted as the full-stack ChromHMM model.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly adopted within Human Resource management (HRM) due to its potential to create value for consumers, employees, and organisations. However, recent studies have found that organisations are yet to experience the anticipated benefits from AI adoption, despite investing time, effort, and resources. The existing studies in HRM have examined the applications of AI, anticipated benefits, and its impact on human workforce and organisations. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the multi-disciplinary literature stemming from International Busines...

How AI affects the B2B sales funnel is described, key sales tasks are described, specific contributions AI can bring are explained, and the role humans play are clarified.

The obtained evidence confirms that BG has several advantages over FG in certain product attributes and biological properties (especially antioxidant activity), and the factors affecting the quality of BG include the type and characteristics of FG and processing technologies and methods (especially pretreatments, and processing temperature and humidity).

Free radicals and oxidants are involved in physiological signaling pathways, although an imbalance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems in favor of the former leads to major biomolecular damage. This is the so-called oxidative stress, a complex process that affects us all and is responsible for the development of many diseases. Lipids are very sensitive to oxidant attack and to-date, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and F2-isoprostane are the main biomarkers for lipid peroxidation assessment. They all derive from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) either by enzyme-ca...

Although values were once the central focus of institutional scholarship, they occupy a marginal position in the contemporary literature. Viewing this situation as both a significant problem and a latent opportunity, our paper seeks to stimulate change by pursuing three broad aims. The first is to present an integrative review of the institutional and sociological literatures on values. This review addresses basic questions about values' nature, origins, and functions, and uncovers many latent connections between these currently separate bodies of research. Drawing on this literature review, o...

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly modified Earth’s social-ecological systems in many ways; here we study its impacts on human-nature interactions. We conducted an online survey focused on peoples’ relationships with the non-human world during the pandemic and received valid responses from 3,204 adult residents of the state of Vermont (U.S.A.). We analyzed reported changes in outdoor activities and the values associated with human-nature relationships across geographic areas and demographic characteristics. We find that participation increased on average for some activities (foraging, gardening...

The HVL model proposes and empirically validates the humanness ‐ value ‐ loyalty model and reveals that human ‐ likeness positively affects four dimensions of service value expectations.

Abstract Extant literature has generated limited understanding of whether and how sustainable human resource management (HRM) will lead to better and more sustainable outcomes, such as enhanced employee well‐being and improved employee performance. Moving toward common good values and drawing on the job demands‐resources model, this study theorizes and tests the relationships among sustainable HRM practices, employee resilience, work engagement, and employee performance. The empirical results of a multilevel and multisource study in the Chinese context provide supporting evidence for our theor...

Abstract The development of aqueous rechargeable zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I 2 ) batteries is still plagued by the polyiodide shuttle issue, which frequently causes batteries to have inadequate cycle lifetimes. In this study, quaternization engineering based on the concept of “electric double layer” is developed on a commercial acrylic fiber skeleton ($1.55–1.7 kg −1 ) to precisely constrain the polyiodide and enhance the cycling durability of Zn‐I 2 batteries. Consequently, a high‐rate (1 C–146.1 mAh g −1 , 10 C–133.8 mAh g −1 ) as well as, ultra‐stable (2000 cycles at 20 C with 97.24% capacity retenti...

Purpose Drawing on the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) theory, this study aims to test the effect of green human resource management (G-HRM) on green organizational citizenship behavior (G-OCB) taking into consideration green culture as the mediator and green values as the moderator. Design/methodology/approach Valid data from 240 entities collected in Taiwan were analyzed to test the five hypotheses. The valid data were analyzed using confirmatory factor model, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis. Findings The results for all relationships show s...

The slow and inefficient environmental performance of universities is drawing the attention of scholars towards behavioural change in employees rather than just relying on technological upgrades. Drawing upon the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, the purpose of this study is first to examine the influence of Green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices (green competence building practices, green motivation enhancing practices, and green employee involvement practices) on the organisational citizenship behaviour towards the environment (OCBE) of academic staff and, in turn, its im...

The higher education sector faces considerable competition around the world. Accordingly, universities need to make more efforts to increase their competitive advantages. This study aimed to empirically investigate the effect of organizational innovation (OI), knowledge management (KM), and strategic human resource management (SHRM), with a dependent variable of sustainable competitive advantages (SCAs), at Jordanian Universities. For this aim, a specially designed questionnaire has been distributed to study a convenience sample of 400 academic and administrative staff at Jordanian private and...

Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, Hedonic Motivation, Learning Value and Habit had a significant impact on students’ intention to use eLearning platforms to learn, while Facilitating Conditions and Learning Value had a direct impact on actual use.

Abstract The intraindividual process of study dropout, from forming dropout intention to deregistration, is of motivational nature. Yet typical studies investigate interindividual differences, which do not inform about intraindividual processes. Our study focused on the intraindividual process of forming dropout intention, and applied expectancy-value theory to analyze its motivational underpinnings. To expand research, we considered associations of intraindividual deviations in expectancy, intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and cost to intraindividual deviations in dropout inte...

Retraction Al‐Ghazali, BM, Afsar, B. Green human resource management and employees' green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag. 2020; 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1987 ] The above article, published online on 2nd July 2020 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Richard Welford and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to unattributed overlap between this article and the following article under revi...

Purpose Green management initiatives are an influential factor for forward-thinking corporations across the globe. Human resource (HR) practitioners find incorporating sustainable development into HR practices a significant challenge, but green initiatives enhance environmental quality. This study aims to analyze the impact of green human resources management (GHRM) practices on hotel environmental performance (HEP) by incorporating environmental knowledge (EK) and individual green values (IGV) as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The software Smart PLS has been used for data analysis, ...

This work solves university-level mathematics courses and improves upon state-of-the-art, increasing automatic accuracy on randomly sampled questions on a benchmark by order of magnitude.

Recent advances in engineering of the soil microbe Corynebacterium glutamicum into novel cell factories that overproduce these precious molecules from pioneering proofs-of-concept up to industrial productivity are highlighted.

Findings suggest that BPA remains the major BPs used in consumer products and that exposure to non-dietary BPs may also be significant to human exposure.

Understanding the spatiotemporal variety and influencing mechanisms of ecosystem service value (ESV) can provide a scientific guide for the regional ecological management and sustainable development. However, the joint effect of factors influencing ESV is ignored, which is an important way for influencing factors to work in the complex and frequently interacting ecosystem. In this study, we used remote sensing data, grid statistics data, and machine learning methods to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of ESV and to explore the combined effects of influencing factors in the Guangdong-Hong Ko...

It is suggested that self-report questionnaires for abstract and complex phenomena, such as values, are inadequate for painting an accurate picture of individual mental life and free response language data and language modeling show greater promise for understanding both the structure and content of concepts such asvalues.