An input-process-output analysis of influence and performance in problem-solving groups.

Abstract

Member characteristics and social processes that determine influence in problem-solving groups were examined. University students completed a non-eureka intellective task-the Desert Survival Situation-both individually and in small groups. LEVEL-adjusted correlations and EQS structural modeling revealed that the extent of talking was predicted by dominance and confidence, but not actual expertise. Perceived expertise was most closely predicted by the extent of talking. Perceived expertise mediated the relation between talking and influence. Groups attempted to base decisions on expertise, but were not proficient at recognizing expertise. Additional analyses, which examined the impact of influence tactics, indicated that the tactics of reason and autocracy predicted perceived expertise. Group performance was related to level of member expertise and recognition of expertise.