Generation and maintenance of immunological memory
Seminars in ImmunologyPublished 1 October 2004
Tania Gourley, E. John Wherry, David Masopust, Rafi Ahmed
Citations237
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.42
SNIP1.35
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TL;DR
The current understanding of the generation and maintenance of B cell and T cell memory is reviewed.
Abstract
The key feature of the adaptive immune response is its specificity and the ability to generate and maintain memory. Preexisting antibodies in the circulation and at the mucosa provide the first line of defense against re-infection by extracellular as well as intracellular pathogens. Memory T cells are an important second line of defense against intracellular pathogens, and in particular against microbes that can cause chronic or latent infection. In this article we will review our current understanding of the generation and maintenance of B cell and T cell memory.
Keywords
Immunology and Microbiology
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The EMBO JournalClonal recruitment and somatic mutation in the generation of immunological memory to the hapten NP.
224 Citations1986Ana Cumano, Klaus Rajewsky
The nucleotide sequences of the variable regions of lambda 1 chain bearing anti-NP antibodies from the secondary response of C57BL/6 mice were determined and indicate that the V186.2 VH gene which dominates the primary anti‐NP response is expressed in nine out of 10 secondary response antibodies and is extensively mutated.
BloodGene expression profiling of plasma cells and plasmablasts: toward a better understanding of the late stages of B-cell differentiation
216 Citations2003Karin Tarte, Fenghuang Zhan +3 more
Data from an in vitro model making it possible to obtain a large number of cells with the morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of normal polyclonal plasmablastic cells should help to better understand the molecular events that regulate commitment to a PC fate, mediate PC maintenance in survival niches, and could facilitate PC immortalization in plasma cell dyscrasias.
European Journal of ImmunologyDistinct kinetics of cytokine production and cytolysis in effector and memory T cells after viral infection
200 Citations1999Martin F. Bachmann, Marijke Barner +2 more
Memory T’cells exhibit a unique phenotype in that they produce cytokines and commit to proliferation as rapidly as effector cells, whereas they resemble naive T cells in the time requirement for development of cytolytic function.
The Journal of ImmunologyCutting Edge: CCR7+ and CCR7− Memory T Cells Do Not Differ in Immediate Effector Cell Function
189 Citations2002Heike Unsoeld, Stefan Krautwald +3 more
In vivo-activated T cells from P14 and SMARTA TCR-transgenic mice specific for MHC class I- and II-restricted epitopes of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are tested, and the proposed concept of differential effector cell function of CCR7+ and C CR7− memory T cells is questioned.
PubMedProlonged antigen half-life in the lymphoid follicles of specifically immunized mice.
187 Citations1979John G. Tew, T E Mandel
The long antigen T½ in the lymph node follicles indicates that antigen is available inThe lymph node to play a role in the maintenance and regulation of immune responses for many months or even years.
ScienceCD8αα-Mediated Survival and Differentiation of CD8 Memory T Cell Precursors
184 Citations2004Loui Madakamutil, Urs Christen +9 more
It is shown that homodimeric α chains of the CD8 molecule (CD8αα) are transiently induced on a selected subset of CD8αβ+ T cells upon antigenic stimulation, which promotes the survival and differentiation of activated lymphocytes into memory CD8 T cells.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesSelection of a Single Antibody-Forming Cell Clone and Its Propagation in Syngeneic Mice
175 Citations1970B A Askonas, A. R. Williamson +1 more
This report describes the history of one clone of cells (E9) producing IgG antibody to dinitrophenyl, which is long-lived and has been maintained for five transplant generations (over 6 months) by serial transfer of spleen cells into irradiated syngeneic mice.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineGerminal Center Initiation, Variable Gene Region Hypermutation, and Mutant B Cell Selection without Detectable Immune Complexes on Follicular Dendritic Cells
175 Citations2000Lynn G. Hannum, Ann M. Haberman +2 more
Transgenic mice in which all B lymphocytes produce only the membrane-bound form of immunoglobulin M are developed, suggesting that ICs on FDCs do not play critical roles in immune response initiation and GC formation, and memory cell formation and selection appear normal in these IC-deficient GCs.
BloodDifferentiation of early plasma cells on bone marrow stromal cells requires interleukin-6 for escaping from apoptosis
169 Citations1995MM Kawano, Keichiro Mihara +3 more
BM stromal cells control the final checkpoint of plasma cell differentiation with secretion of IL-6 in the BM, and here is direct evidence that early plasma cells found in the PB differentiated into mature plasma cells withStromal cell-derived IL- 6 in vitro.
The Journal of ImmunologyNaive, Effector, and Memory CD8 T Cells in Protection Against Pulmonary Influenza Virus Infection: Homing Properties Rather Than Initial Frequencies Are Crucial
168 Citations1999Adelheid Cerwenka, Tammy Morgan +1 more
The finding that similar numbers of naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells are not protective supports the view that qualitative differences between the two resting populations, the naive and the memory population, may play a major role in their protective value against disease.
BloodTransregulation of memory CD8 T-cell proliferation by IL-15Rα+ bone marrow–derived cells
164 Citations2003Kimberly S. Schluns, Kimberly D. Klonowski +1 more
Results indicate that transpresentation of IL-15 byIL-15Ralpha on BM-derived cells mediates the basal proliferation of memory CD8 T cells, indicating that IL- 15 interacted directly with the T cells.
Current Opinion in ImmunologyNegative co-receptors on lymphocytes
160 Citations2002Rebecca J. Greenwald, Yvette Latchman +1 more
The past year has seen significant advances in the understanding of critical roles of negative immunoregulatory signals delivered through the B7-CD28 superfamily in regulating T cell activation and tolerance.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineShort-lived and Long-lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Are Derived from a Novel Precursor Population
158 Citations2002Brian P. O’Connor, Marília Cascalho +1 more
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesIL-15Rα expression on CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells is dispensable for T cell memory
155 Citations2003Patrick R. Burkett, Rima Koka +5 more
Surprisingly, expression of the high-affinity receptor for IL-15, IL- 15Rα, on T cells is dispensable for the generation or maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells.
The Journal of ImmunologyEnhancement of CD8+ T Cell Responses by ICOS/B7h Costimulation
152 Citations2001Jeffrey J. Wallin, Linda Liang +2 more
It is reported using a tumor-rejection model that ectopic B7h expression can costimulate rejection by CD8- T cells in the absence of CD4+ T cells, and kinetics of ICOS up-regulation, proliferative responses, and cytokine production were compared.
ImmunityThe Repertoires of Circulating Human CD8+ Central and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets Are Largely Distinct
148 Citations2003Véronique Baron, Cécile Bouneaud +6 more
Analysis of the composition and dynamics of the CD8(+) T cell repertoire of these subsets within the peripheral blood of four healthy individuals suggests that most effector memory T cells may not have derived from the central memory subset.
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