Virtual Teams: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go From Here?
Journal of ManagementPublished 16 July 2004
Luis L. Martins, Lucy L. Gilson, M. Travis Maynard
Citations1,327
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score8.64
SNIP5.75
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
An integrative definition is proposed that suggests that all teams may be defined in terms of their extent of virtualness, and avenues for future research are suggested, including methodological and theoretical considerations that are important to advancing understanding of virtual teams.
Abstract
In this paper, we review the research on virtual teams in an effort to assess the state of the literature. We start with an examination of the definitions of virtual teams used and propose an integrative definition that suggests that all teams may be defined in terms of their extent of virtualness. Next, we review findings related to team inputs, processes, and outcomes, and identify areas of agreement and inconsistency in the literature on virtual teams. Based on this review, we suggest avenues for future research, including methodological and theoretical considerations that are important to advancing our understanding of virtual teams.
Keywords
PsychologySocial SciencesBusiness, Management and Accounting
Administrative Science QuarterlyHandbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
12,139 Citations1977Tove Helland Hammer, John F. Anderson +7 more
Academy of Management JournalAFFECT- AND COGNITION-BASED TRUST AS FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL COOPERATION IN ORGANIZATIONS.
6,745 Citations1995Daniel J. McAllister
Organization ScienceCommunication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams
2,901 Citations1999Sirkka L. Järvenpää, Dorothy E. Leidner
Academy of Management ReviewA Temporally Based Framework and Taxonomy of Team Processes
2,774 Citations2001Michelle A. Marks, John E. Mathieu +1 more
This article defines team process in the context of a multiphase episodic framework related to goal accomplishment, arguing that teams are multitasking units that perform multiple processes simultaneously and sequentially to orchestrate goal-directed taskwork.
Academy of Management JournalTHE DYNAMIC NATURE OF CONFLICT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF INTRAGROUP CONFLICT AND GROUP PERFORMANCE.
2,285 Citations2001Karen A. Jehn, Elizabeth A. Mannix
Information Richness. A New Approach to Managerial Behavior and Organization Design
2,262 Citations1983Richard L. Daft, Robert H. Lengel
The concept of information richness is introduced, and three models of information processing are proposed that describe (1) manager information behavior, (2) organizational mechanisms for coping with equivocality from the environment, and (3) organizational mechanism for internal coordination.
MIS QuarterlyGender Differences in the Perception and Use of E-Mail: An Extension to the Technology Acceptance Model1
2,212 Citations1997David Gefen, Detmar W. Straub
It is suggested that researchers should include gender in IT diffusion models along with other cultural effects, suggesting that more favorable communications environments might be created, environments that take into account not only organizational contextual factors, but also the gender of users.
Academy of Management JournalTIME AN TRANSITION IN WORK TEAMS: TOWARD A NEW MODEL OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT.
2,138 Citations1988Connie J. G. Gersick
Academy of Management JournalBEYOND RELATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY: TIME AND THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE- AND DEEP-LEVEL DIVERSITY ON WORK GROUP COHESION.
2,022 Citations1998David A. Harrison, Kenneth H. Price +1 more
Organization ScienceThe Mutual Knowledge Problem and Its Consequences for Dispersed Collaboration
1,921 Citations2001Catherine Durnell Cramton
It is suggested that unrecognized differences in the situations, contexts, and constraints of dispersed collaborators constitute "hidden profiles" that can increase the likelihood of dispositional rather than situational attribution, with consequences for cohesion and learning.
Journal of Management Information SystemsIs Anybody out There? Antecedents of Trust in Global Virtual Teams
1,887 Citations1998Sirkka L. Järvenpää, Kathleen Knoll +1 more
A research model for explaining trust in global virtual teams is advanced, and strategies that were used by the three highest trust teams, but were used infrequently or not at all by theThree lowest trust teams suggest the presence of "swift" trust.
Academy of Management JournalBEYOND SELF-MANAGEMENT: ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF TEAM EMPOWERMENT.
1,788 Citations1999Bradley L. Kirkman, Benson Rosen
Organization ScienceBridging Space Over Time: Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness
1,766 Citations2000Martha L. Maznevski, Katherine M. Chudoba
It is proposed that effective global virtual team interaction comprises a series of communication incidents, each configured by aspects of the team's structural and process elements, which generate a deep rhythm of regular face-to-face incidents interspersed with less intensive, shorter incidents using various media.
Academy of Management ReviewDemographic Diversity and Faultlines: The Compositional DYnamics of Organizational Groups
1,658 Citations1998Dora C. Lau, J. Keith Murnighan
Annual Review of PsychologyTEAMS IN ORGANIZATIONS: Recent Research on Performance and Effectiveness
1,624 Citations1996Richard A. Guzzo, Marcus W. Dickson
This review examines recent research on groups and teams, giving special emphasis to research investigating factors that influence the effectiveness of teams at work in organizations, including group composition, cohesiveness, and motivation.
Handbook of PsychologyWork Groups and Teams in Organizations
1,384 Citations2003Steve W. J. Kozlowski, Bradford S. Bell
Advances in experimental social psychologyGroup Tasks, Group Interaction Process, and Group Performance Effectiveness: A Review and Proposed Integration
1,346 Citations1975J. Richard Hackman, Charles G. Morris
Academy of Management JournalCHANNEL EXPANSION THEORY AND THE EXPERIENTIAL NATURE OF MEDIA RICHNESS PERCEPTIONS.
1,207 Citations1999John R. Carlson, Robert W. Zmud
Human Communication ResearchComputer-Mediated Communication Effects on Disclosure, Impressions, and Interpersonal Evaluations: Getting to Know One Another a Bit at a Time
1,192 Citations2002Lisa Collins Tidwell, Joseph B. Walther
Computer-mediated interactants exhibited a greater proportion of more direct and intimate uncertainty reduction behaviors than unmediated participants did, and demonstrated significantly greater gains in attributional confidence over the course of the conversations.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesGroup processes in computer-mediated communication
1,180 Citations1986Jane Siegel, Vitaly Dubrovsky +2 more
Findings suggest that social equalization was higher in computer-mediated groups in that group members participated more equally in discussions and exhibited more uninhibited behavior—using strong and inflammatory expressions in interpersonal interactions.
Group & Organization ManagementA Typology of Virtual Teams
1,130 Citations2002Bradford S. Bell, Steve W. J. Kozlowski
Academy of Management PerspectivesVirtual teams: Technology and the workplace of the future
1,082 Citations1998Anthony M. Townsend, Samuel M. Demarie +1 more
The most exciting of these new forms, the virtual team, will enable organizations to become more flexible by providing the impressive productivity of team-based designs in environments where teamwork would have once been impossible.
Human Communication ResearchRelational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction
986 Citations1992Joseph B. Walther, Judee K. Burgoon
Results showed that computer-mediated groups increased in several relational dimensions to more positive levels, and that these subsequent levels approximated those of face-to-face groups.
Academy of Management JournalTHE IMPACT OF TEAM EMPOWERMENT ON VIRTUAL TEAM PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION.
866 Citations2004Bradley L. Kirkman, Benson Rosen +2 more
Team empowerment was positively related to two independent assessments of virtual team performance— process improvement and customer satisfaction and the number of face-to-face meetings moderated the relationship between team empowerment and process improvement.
Management ScienceEffects of Anonymity and Evaluative Tone on Idea Generation in Computer-Mediated Groups
857 Citations1990Terry Connolly, Leonard M. Jessup +1 more
Groups working anonymously and with a critical confederate produced the greatest number of original solutions and overall comments, yet average solution quality per item and average solution rarity were not different across conditions.
MIS QuarterlyVirtualness and Knowledge in Teams: Managing the Love Triangle of Organizations, Individuals, and Information Technology1
800 Citations2003Griffith, Sawyer +1 more
The dynamics of knowledge development and transfer in more and less virtual teams are illustrated by illustrating the possibility that information technology plays the role of a jealous mistress when it comes to the development and ownership of valuable knowledge in organizations.
Academy of Management JournalGETTING IT TOGETHER: TEMPORAL COORDINATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL VIRTUAL TEAMS.
796 Citations2001Mitzi M. Montoya‐Weiss, Andrew Massey +1 more
The findings show that the way virtual teams manage internal conflict is a crucial factor in their success and that temporal coordination has some significant moderating effects.
Organization ScienceRelational Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication: Experimental Observations over Time
794 Citations1995Joseph B. Walther
The effects of computer conferencing on the interpersonal messages with which people define their relationships, known as relational communication are explored, suggesting that under certain conditions, CMC may promote positive relational effects in ways that previous theories have not considered, and in some ways superior to more traditional media.
Human-Computer InteractionThe Equalization Phenomenon: Status Effects in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Decision-Making Groups
785 Citations1991Vitaly Dubrovsky, Sara Kiesler +1 more
A striking and unexpected result was that "first" advocacy was shared by high-and low-status members in discussions using electronic mail, which resulted in increased equality of influence across status and expertise.
Virtual teams that work : creating conditions for virtual team effectiveness
766 Citations2003Cristina B. Gibson, Susan G. Cohen
This book discusses how to build a foundation for shared understanding, integration, and trust in Virtual Teams from a leadership, knowledge management, and information sharing perspective.
Academy of Management JournalELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING AND GROUP SIZE.
688 Citations1992R. Brent Gallupe, Alan R. Dennis +4 more
Two concurrent experiments were conducted with groups of varying size; there were 2, 4, and 6-person groups in one and 6, and 12- person groups in the other, and the number and quality of groups was compared.
Decision SciencesVirtual Teams versus Face‐to‐Face Teams: An Exploratory Study of a Web‐based Conference System*
664 Citations1997Merrill Warkentin, Lutfus Sayeed +1 more
It was found that teams using this computer-mediated communication system (CMCS) could not outperform traditional (face-to-face) teams under otherwise comparable circumstances and relational links among team members were found to be a significant contributor to the effectiveness of information exchange.
Human Communication ResearchExperiments in Group Decision Making Communication Process and Outcome in Face-to-Face Versus Computerized Conferences
656 Citations1986Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Kenneth Johnson +1 more
Academy of Management PerspectivesManaging a virtual workplace
632 Citations2000Wayne F. Cascio
Managers need to recognize that virtual workplaces, instead of needing fewer managers, require better supervisory skills among existing managers, and take these steps can lead to stunning improvements in productivity, profits, and customer service.
Journal of Applied PsychologyDoes the medium matter? The interaction of task type and technology on group performance and member reactions.
622 Citations1994Susan G. Straus, Joseph E. McGrath
Administrative Science QuarterlyIntellectual Teamwork: Social and Technological Foundations of Cooperative Work.
589 Citations1994M. Lynne Markus, Jolene Galegher +2 more
This book discusses the development of working relationships in Scientific Research Collaborations, the role of technology in this work, and experiences with technology for Cooperative Work.
The Journal of Strategic Information SystemsDynamic nature of trust in virtual teams
585 Citations2002Prasert Kanawattanachai, Youngjin Yoo
Using data from 36, four- person MBA student teams from six universities competing in a web-based business simulation game over an 8-week period, it is found that both high- and low-performing teams started with similar levels of trust in both cognitive and affective dimensions, however, high- performing teams were better at developing and maintaining the trust level throughout the project life.
Journal of Engineering and Technology ManagementVirtuality, communication, and new product team creativity: a social network perspective
562 Citations2003Roger Leenders, J.M.L. van Engelen +1 more
A three-factor model is presented that addresses how creativity can be managed through the effective design and management of virtuality in NPD teams and finds that team creativity requires a moderate frequency of communication and a low level of communication centralization.
MIS QuarterlyRelational Development in Computer-Supported Groups1
555 Citations1996Laku Chidambaram
The results show evidence of a turnaround in attitudes of users toward each other and the interaction process--support the SIP perspective that repeated use of computer support despite some inherent initial restrictions--can help groups affiliate.
Academy of Management JournalTrust and Participation in Organizational Decision Making as Predictors of Satisfaction.
493 Citations1978Janis Wiley Driscoll
Journal of Product Innovation ManagementAn investigation of the use of global, virtual, and colocated new product development teams
490 Citations2001Edward F. McDonough
Information & ManagementAn empirical study of best practices in virtual teams
488 Citations2001Jeremy S. Lurey, Mahesh S. Raisinghani
Beyond the traditional strategies used to enhance a team’s effectiveness, further efforts directed towards the specific technology and communication-related issues that concern dispersed team members are needed to supplement the set of best practices identified in the current study.
Small Group ResearchGroup Task Performance and Communication Technology
486 Citations1993Andrea B. Hollingshead, Joseph E. McGrath +1 more
The relationship between technology and task performance appeared to be more dependent on experience with the technology and with group membership than on the type of task on which the group was working, and results supported all of the predictions of the second model but only partially supported the first.
Human Communication ResearchAnticipated Ongoing Interaction Versus Channel Effects on Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction
453 Citations1994Joseph B. Walther
Results show that the assignment of long-term versus short-term partnerships has a larger impact on anticipated future interaction reported by computer-mediated, rather than face-to-face, partners, and evidence shows that anticipation is a more potent predictor of several relational communication dimensions than is communication condition.
British Journal of ManagementSituated Knowledge and Learning in Dispersed Teams
452 Citations2002Deborah Sole, Amy C. Edmondson
MIS QuarterlyTrust and the Unintended Effects of Behavior Control in Virtual Teams1
438 Citations2003Piccoli, Blake Ives
In-depth analysis of the communication logs of selected teams reveals that trust decline in virtual teams is rooted in instances of reneging and incongruence.
Organization ScienceElectronic Groups at Work
424 Citations1990Tom Finholt, Lee Sproull
It is suggested that the electronic group at work is a new social phenomenon that may contribute importantly to organizational behavior.
Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic CommerceParalanguage and social perception in computer‐mediated communication
418 Citations1992Martin Lea, Russell Spears
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesIdea Generation in Computer-Based Groups: A New Ending to an Old Story
409 Citations1994Joseph S. Valacich, Alan R. Dennis +1 more
This study concluded that the elimination of production blocking in the computer-based groups (a problem common in groups that communicate verbally where only one member of the group can speak at a time) accounts for a significant portion of the enhanced productivity for theComputer- based groups.
European Management JournalThe global virtual manager: a prescription for success
408 Citations2000Timothy R. Kayworth, Dorothy E. Leidner
This field-based research study was undertaken to assess the core issues and challenges faced by a group of twelve culturally diverse global virtual teams with members from Europe, Mexico, and the United States, suggesting that globalvirtual teams face significant challenges in four areas: communication, culture, technology, and project management (leadership).
MIS QuarterlyRadical Innovation Without Collocation: A Case Study at Boeing-Rocketdyne1,2
403 Citations2001Arvind Malhotra, Ann Majchrzak +2 more
The behavior of members of a VC3 team is described to derive implications for research on virtual teaming, especially for studying teams within emerging contexts such as the one observed in Boeing-Rocketdyne.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyRetrieval processes in transactive memory systems.
403 Citations1998Andrea B. Hollingshead
International Journal of Conflict ManagementCONFLICT AND SHARED IDENTITY IN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED TEAMS
391 Citations2001Mark Mortensen, Pamela Hinds
Human Communication ResearchGroup and Interpersonal Effects in International Computer-Mediated Collaboration
381 Citations1997Joseph B. Walther
Interaction hypotheses involving the joint effects of pup versus individual identity and long-term versus short-term group membership on the social, interpersonal, and intellectual responses ofjpup members collaborating via computer-mediated communication are proposed.
Journal of CommunicationTesting the Interactivity Principle: Effects of Mediation, Propinquity, and Verbal and Nonverbal Modalities in Interpersonal Interaction
375 Citations2002Judee K. Burgoon, Joseph A. Bonito +4 more
British Journal of Social PsychologyDe‐individuation and group polarization in computer‐mediated communication
354 Citations1990Russell Spears, Martin Lea +1 more
An interaction between the de-individuation and group salience factors is predicted, such that greatest polarization in the direction of a pre-established group norm would be obtained in the de’individuated—group condition and least in the De-Individuated-individual condition.
Organization ScienceCommunication across Boundaries: Work, Structure, and Use of Communication Technologies in a Large Organization
348 Citations1995Pamela Hinds, Sara Kiesler
It is hypothesized that due to the collaborative nature of their work and the way they are organized in work groups, technical employees, as compared with administrative employees, will communicate laterally, and will use the telephone and email for this purpose.
MIS QuarterlyA Study of Influence in Computer-Mediated Group Decision Making
342 Citations1988Ilze Zigurs, Marshall Scott Poole +1 more
The research reported in this article addresses the need for a closer, micro-level examination of group process by showing no significant difference between the overall amount of influence behavior attempted in computer-supported versus unsupported groups, although significant differences were found in the pattern of influence behaviors.
Small Group ResearchGetting a Clue
341 Citations1996Susan G. Straus
Results of this and other studies of group problem solving suggest that patterms of interaction and performance in computer-mediated groups do not depart substantially from face-to-face groups, although CMC may introduce new process losses.
Journal of Applied PsychologyElectronic performance monitoring and social context: Impact on productivity and stress.
321 Citations1995John R. Aiello, Kathryn J. Kolb
In a laboratory study, the presence of individual- or work-group-level electronic performance monitoring was manipulated as participants worked on a data-entry task alone, as a member of a noninteracting aggregate, or as a members of a cohesive group.
Small Group ResearchGroup Size and Anonymity Effects on Computer-Mediated Idea Generation
302 Citations1992Joseph S. Valacich, Alan R. Dennis +1 more
Although group members in all conditions made the same number of comments, larger groups generated significantly more ideas (and higher-quality ideas as rated by judges) than did smaller groups and anzonymity had no effect on ideational performance.
Group Dynamics Theory Research and PracticeVirtual Teams: Effects of Technological Mediation on Team Performance.
288 Citations2003James E. Driskell, Paul H. Radtke +1 more
The authors examine the effects of technological mediation on team processes such as cohesiveness, status and authority relations, counternormative behavior, and communication and discusses conditions under which distance matters in virtual team interaction.
Small Group ResearchFurther Understanding of Trust and Performance in Virtual Teams
283 Citations2003Benoit A. Aubert, Barbara L. Kelsey
This study empirically verifies ability and integrity as being antecedents of trust formation in virtual teams, but effective team performance was found to be independent of the formation of trust.
Decision SciencesNew Product Development Decision‐Making Effectiveness: Comparing Individuals, Face‐To‐Face Teams, and Virtual Teams*
282 Citations2001Jeffrey Schmidt, Mitzi M. Montoya‐Weiss +1 more
It is suggested that teams make more effective decisions than individuals, and virtual teams make the most effective decisions.
Research in Organizational Behavior8. Information processing in traditional, hybrid, and virtual teams: From nascent knowledge to transactive memory
277 Citations2001Terri L. Griffith, Margaret A. Neale
MIS QuarterlyComputer Support for Meetings of Groups Working on Unstructured Problems: A Field Experiment1
274 Citations1988Sirkka L. Järvenpää, V. Srinivasan Rao +1 more
This preliminary study was conducted to learn about the consequences of computer support for teams working on unstructured, high-level conceptual software design problems in face-to-face group settings using a networked workstation technology and electronic blackboard technology.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesWhen does the medium matter? Knowledge-building experiences and opportunities in decision-making teams
258 Citations2003Bradley J. Alge, Carolyn Wiethoff +1 more
Results indicated that media differences existed for teams lacking a history, with face-to-face teams exhibiting higher openness/trust and information sharing than computer-mediated teams, but computer- mediated teams with a history were able to eliminate these differences.
Computers & EducationTeam development and group processes of virtual learning teams
251 Citations2002Scott D. Johnson, Chanidprapa Suriya +3 more
The results show that virtual learning groups can collaborate effectively from a distance to accomplish group tasks and recommendations are discussed in order to facilitate peak integration of virtual learning teams into Internet-based training courses.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesGroup discussion and first advocacy effects in computer-mediated and face-to-face decision making groups
250 Citations1992Suzanne Weisband
Whether the first group member to advocate a position in the group publically has disproportionate influence on the group decision, and whether group discussion by computer mail or face-to-face determines the extent of the first advocate's influence are examined.
Information Systems JournalTraining to improve virtual team communication
250 Citations1999Merrill Warkentin, Peggy M. Beranek
It was found that teams that were given appropriate training exhibited improved perceptions of the interaction process over time, specifically with regard to trust, commitment and frank expression between members.
Human Communication ResearchInformation Suppression and Status Persistence in Group Decision Making The Effects of Communication Media
248 Citations1996Andrea B. Hollingshead
Management ScienceComputer-Mediated Communication and Majority Influence: Assessing the Impact in an Individualistic and a Collectivistic Culture
242 Citations1998Bernard C. Y. Tan, Kwok‐Kee Wei +3 more
Examining whether and how computer-mediated communication can reduce majority influence and thereby enhance the quality of decisions in some situations raises the broader issue of cultural relativism in current knowledge on CMC.
Team Performance ManagementA comparison of face‐to‐face and virtual software development teams
235 Citations2002Hayward P. Andres
Results supported the predicted superiority of the face‐to‐face setting over the videoconferencing setting with regard to team productivity and indicated that a communication medium characterized as high in both “media richness” and “social presence” can engender a greater sense of interaction quality.
The International Journal of Organizational AnalysisDEVELOPMENTS OF TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS AND COLLECTIVE MIND IN VIRTUAL TEAMS
234 Citations2001Youngjin Yoo, Prasert Kanawattanachai
It is argued that transactive memory systems and the collective mind are two important variables that explain team performance and the development of a collective mind represents a high‐order learning in team settings.
Organization ScienceSocial Context and Interaction in Ongoing Computer-Supported Management Groups
234 Citations1995Michael H. Zack, James L. McKenney
The results show that different groups using the same functional structure and performing the same task with identical communication technologies, but operating within different social contexts, appropriated the communication technology differently and in a way that was consistent with and reinforcing to their existing social structure.
Journal of Applied PsychologyThe eyes have it: Minority influence in face-to-face and computer-mediated group discussion.
230 Citations1997Poppy Lauretta McLeod, Robert S. Baron +2 more
In groups working on a hidden-profile investment decision task, minority opinion holders expressed their arguments most frequently under anonymous GDSS communication, but the influence of the minority arguments on private opinions and on group decisions was highest under face-to-face communication.
Journal of Management Information SystemsInvoking Social Comparison to Improve Electronic Brainstorming: Beyond Anonymity
226 Citations1995Morgan M. Shepherd, Robert O. Briggs +3 more
A study of electronic brainstorming that begins with theory building, tool development, and experimentation, and ends with practical guidance for facilitators and developers finds that inducing social comparison with a graphical feedback tool and increasing the salience of thatsocial comparison with facilitation techniques increased the productivity of EBS groups by 63 percent.
Management ScienceConflict Management in a Computer-Supported Meeting Environment
223 Citations1991Marshall Scott Poole, Michael E. Holmes +1 more
A model that posits that GDSS impacts on conflict outcomes are mediated by group interaction processes is tested and seems useful for designing future studies concerning the impacts of computer technology on group judgment and choice.
IEEE Transactions on Professional CommunicationThe communication characteristics of virtual teams: a case study
219 Citations2001J. Suchan, G. Hayzak
This research analyzed the communication technologies that the Customer Support Virtual Team of International Consulting Systems (ICS), the pseudonym for a Fortune 500 organization, uses to support team interaction, the degree to which ICS systems and culture supported CST, and the CST members' mindset toward communication and the methods its leader used to create the trust required for effective team interaction.
Information & ManagementImpact of heterogeneity and collaborative conflict management style on the performance of synchronous global virtual teams
218 Citations2003Souren Paul, Priya Seetharaman +2 more
The data analyses suggested that collaborative conflict management style positively impacted satisfaction with the decision making process, perceived decision quality, and perceived participation of the virtual teams.
Decision SciencesDecision Making in an Automated Environment: The Effects of Anonymity and Proximity with a Group Decision Support System*
211 Citations1991Leonard M. Jessup, David A. Tansik
A laboratory experiment was conducted using a group decision support system to evaluate effects of anonymity and proximity on group process in automated group problem solving, with main findings that working in the same room increased satisfaction.
Strategy and LeadershipVirtual teams: The new way to work
176 Citations1999Jessica Lipnack, Jeffrey Stamps
The broad array of communication options permits the refiguring of organizations in order to meet the rapidly changing demands of the business environment.
Journal of Applied PsychologyEvaluating self and others in electronic and face-to-face groups.
166 Citations1999Suzanne Weisband, Leanne Atwater
Journal of Product Innovation ManagementAn investigation of the use of global, virtual, and colocated new product development teams
155 Citations2001Edward F. McDonough, Kenneth B. Kahnb +1 more
International Journal of Industrial ErgonomicsA case study of virtual team working in the European automotive industry
154 Citations2001Andrew May, Chris Carter
A non-intrusive, user-centred evaluation approach encompassing real working during the product introduction process (PIP) was used, and the potential to increase the efficiency and the flexibility of working of distributed engineering teams, with potential time savings.
Internet ResearchFacilitating virtual team relationships via Internet and conventional communication channels
151 Citations2001David J. Pauleen, Pak Yoong
It is suggested that facilitators need to strategically use the channels available to them to effectively build online relationships and that some electronic communication channels are more effective than others in building online relationships.
Small Group ResearchInformation Sharing in Face-to-Face, Teleconferencing, and Electronic Chat Groups
148 Citations1998Kenneth A. Graetz, Edward S. Boyle +3 more
Electronic chat should be combined with collaboration technology or groupware that facilitates information storage, organization, and processing as well as face-to-face, teleconference, or electronic chat.
Office Technology and PeopleELECTRONIC MAIL AND WEAK TIES IN ORGANIZATIONS
148 Citations1987Martha S. Feldman
This analysis suggests that some new communication occurs in large organizations that have electronic mail because the way electronic mail is organized allows people to find other people with common interests at a low cost to either party.
Journal of Organizational BehaviorTransnational teams in the electronic age: are team identity and high performance at risk?
142 Citations2002Debra L. Shapiro, Stacie Furst‐Holloway +2 more
Journal of Vocational BehaviorThe effects of cognitive style and media richness on commitment to telework and virtual teams
141 Citations2003Michael Workman, William M. Kahnweiler +1 more
Results indicate that certain combinations of cognitive styles and media contribute to commitment to the telework function and to virtual teams.
Decision Support SystemsSupporting virtual team-building with a GSS: an empirical investigation
141 Citations2003Wayne Huang, Kwok‐Kee Wei +2 more
Examination of how a group support systems (GSS) may be used to support virtual team-building reveals that a GSS with an embedded goal-setting structure helped virtual teams to foster better team cohesion, better team commitment, and better collaboration climate.
IEEE Transactions on Professional CommunicationThe gender impact of temporary virtual work groups
127 Citations1999Mary R. Lind
Creativity Research JournalThe Creative Process in Virtual Teams
119 Citations2002Jill Nemiro
This study explored the creative process in virtual teams, groups of geographically dispersed organizational members who carry out the majority of their activities through information technology through Information technology.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesDevil′s Advocacy and Dialectical Inquiry Effects on Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Group Decision Making
116 Citations1995Joseph S. Valacich, Charles R. Schwenk
The results suggest that groups given the devil′s advocacy treatment developed and considered more alternative solutions to a case problem and selected a higher quality recommendation than those in the dialectical inquiry and expert-based treatments.
Group & Organization ManagementRacioethnic Diversity and Group Members’ Experiences
116 Citations2003Luis L. Martins, Frances J. Milliken +2 more
International Journal of Intercultural RelationsProductive behaviors of global business teams
112 Citations1996Dianne M. Hofner Saphiere
Information Resources Management JournalVirtual Team Trust
112 Citations2003Saonee Sarker, Joseph S. Valacich +1 more
The development and validation of this instrument should enable future researchers to measure virtual team trust in a broad range of technology and team configurations and confirm the conceptual bases of trust.
…