A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model: Investigating subjective norm and moderation effects
Information & ManagementPublished 9 December 2006
Jeroen Schepers, Martin Wetzels
Citations1,636
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.92
SNIP2.74
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
A quantitative meta-analysis of previous research on the technology acceptance model indicated a significant influence of subjective norm on perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use.
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of previous research on the technology acceptance model (TAM) in an attempt to make well-grounded statements on the role of subjective norm. Furthermore, we compared TAM results by taking into account moderating effects of one individual-related factor (type of respondents), one technology-related factor (type of technology), and one contingent factor (culture). Results indicated a significant influence of subjective norm on perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use. Moderating effects were found for all three factors. The findings yielded managerial implications for both intra-company and market-based settings.
Keywords
Social SciencesDecision Sciences
Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary JournalCutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
105,395 Citations1999Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesThe theory of planned behavior
84,784 Citations1991Icek Ajzen
Computers Environment and Urban SystemsStatistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
65,645 Citations1990
MIS QuarterlyUser Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1
42,458 Citations2003Venkatesh, Michael G. Morris +2 more
TAUT provides a useful tool for managers needing to assess the likelihood of success for new technology introductions and helps them understand the drivers of acceptance in order to proactively design interventions targeted at populations of users that may be less inclined to adopt and use new systems.
Management ScienceUser Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models
25,420 Citations1989Fred D. Davis, Richard P. Bagozzi +1 more
The ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables are addressed.
Management ScienceA Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies
22,348 Citations2000Viswanath Venkatesh, Fred D. Davis
A theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is developed and tested that explains perceived usefulness and usage intentions in terms of social influence and cognitive instrumental processes and significantly influenced user acceptance.
Administrative Science QuarterlyCultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind.
17,868 Citations1993Harry C. Triandis, Geert Hofstede
Journal of Educational StatisticsStatistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
10,479 Citations1988Stanley Wasserman, Larry V. Hedges +1 more
Practical Meta-Analysis
8,923 Citations2000Mark W. Lipsey, David B. Wilson
This paper presents a meta-analysis procedure called “Meta-Analysis Interpretation for Meta-Analysis Selecting, Computing and Coding the Effect Size Statistic and its applications to Data Management Analysis Issues and Strategies.
Information Systems ResearchUnderstanding Information Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models
8,729 Citations1995Shirley Taylor, Peter Todd
The results indicate that the decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior provides a fuller understanding of behavioral intention by focusing on the factors that are likely to influence systems use through the application of both design and implementation strategies.
Information Systems ResearchDeterminants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model
6,408 Citations2000Viswanath Venkatesh
This work presents and tests an anchoring and adjustment-based theoretical model of the determinants of system-specific perceived ease of use, and proposes control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion as anchors that determine early perceptions about the ease ofuse of a new system.
International Journal of Electronic CommerceConsumer Acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the Technology Acceptance Model
5,500 Citations2003Paul A. Pavlou
The proposed model integrates trust and perceived risk, which are incorporated given the implicit uncertainty of the e-commerce environment, and is justified by placing all the variables under the nomological TRA structure and proposing their interrelationships.
MIS QuarterlyTime Flies When You’re Having Fun: Cognitive Absorption and Beliefs About Information Technology Usage1
4,647 Citations2000Ritu Agarwal, Elena Karahanna
It is proposed that the individual traits of playfulness and personal innovativeness are important determinants of cognitive absorption, and operational measures for each dimension of this multi-dimensional construct are developed.
MIS QuarterlyWhy Don’t Men Ever Stop to Ask for Directions? Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior1
4,313 Citations2000Viswanath Venkatesh, Michael G. Morris
Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace are investigated.
Information & ManagementWhy do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model
4,160 Citations2002Paul Legris, John Ingham +1 more
It is concluded that TAM is a useful model, but has to be integrated into a broader one which would include variables related to both human and social change processes, and to the adoption of the innovation model.
Journal of Conflict ResolutionCompliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
3,622 Citations1958Herbert C. Kelman
Information Systems ResearchApplying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior
3,192 Citations2002Marios Koufaris
This study examines how emotional and cognitive responses to visiting a Web-based store for the first time can influence online consumers' intention to return and their likelihood to make unplanned purchases.
International Journal of Human-Computer StudiesPredicting e-services adoption: a perceived risk facets perspective
3,170 Citations2003Mauricio Featherman, Paul A. Pavlou
Drawing from Perceived Risk Theory, specific risk facets were operationalized, integrated, and empirically tested within the Technology Acceptance Model resulting in a proposed e- services adoption model, which indicated that e-services adoption is adversely affected primarily by performance-based risk perceptions.
MIS QuarterlyPerceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Usage of Information Technology: A Replication
3,091 Citations1992Dennis A. Adams, R. Ryan Nelson +1 more
Two studies that replicate previous work by Fred Davis on the subject of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology focus on evaluating the psychometric properties of the ease ofUse and usefulness scales, while examining the relationship between ease ofuse, usefulness, and system usage.
Elsevier eBooksStatistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
2,526 Citations1985
The aim of this paper is to introduce several widely-used statistical methods of Meta-analysis, applied generally in medical literatures.
Information & ManagementWhat drives mobile commerce?
2,254 Citations2004Jen‐Her Wu, Shu-Ching Wang
This study presents an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates innovation diffusion theory, perceived risk and cost into the TAM to investigate what determines user mobile commerce (MC) acceptance.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyCollege sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature.
2,003 Citations1986David O. Sears
Information & ManagementWhy do people play on-line games? An extended TAM with social influences and flow experience
1,974 Citations2003Chin‐Lung Hsu, Hsi‐Peng Lu
This study applies the technology acceptance model (TAM) that incorporates social influences and flow experience as belief-related constructs to predict users' acceptance of on-line games to reveal that social norms, attitude, andflow experience explain about 80% of game playing.
MIS QuarterlyPersonal Computing Acceptance Factors in Small Firms: A Structural Equation Model1
1,680 Citations1997Magid Igbaria, Nancy Zinatelli +2 more
The findings indicate that perceived ease of use is a dominant factor in explaining perceived usefulness and system usage, and that perceived usefulness has a strong effect on system usage.
Management ScienceEmpirical Evaluation of the Revised Technology Acceptance Model
1,659 Citations1996Bernadette Szajna
A confirmatory, empirical test of the revised Technology Acceptance Model TAM confirmed that the TAM is a valuable tool for predicting intentions to use an IS and introduced and objective measure of technology acceptance, actual usage rather than self-report usage, which supports that self- report usage may not be an appropriate surrogate measure for actual usage.
International Journal of Research in MarketingConsumer evaluations of new technology-based self-service options: An investigation of alternative models of service quality
1,584 Citations1996Pratibha A. Dabholkar
OmegaIntrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Internet usage
1,333 Citations1999Thompson S.H. Teo, Vivien K. G. Lim +1 more
It was demonstrated that while perceived usefulness had consistently strong effects on all usage dimensions, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment affected each specific usage dimension differently.
International Journal of Human-Computer StudiesPredicting the use of web-based information systems: self-efficacy, enjoyment, learning goal orientation, and the technology acceptance model
1,289 Citations2003Mun Yong Yi, Yujong Hwang
The proposed model extends the technology acceptance model by incorporating the motivation variables of self-efficacy, enjoyment, and learning goal orientation in order to predict the use of Web-based information systems.
Academy of Management ReviewCausal Analysis: Assumptions, Models, and Data
1,273 Citations1984Chester A. Schriesheim, Lawrence R. James +2 more
Journal of Consumer ResearchOn the Use of College Students in Social Science Research: Insights from a Second-Order Meta-analysis
1,235 Citations2001Robert A. Peterson
Information & ManagementTesting the technology acceptance model across cultures: A three country study
1,219 Citations1997Detmar W. Straub, Mark Keil +1 more
This study compares the TAM model across three different countries: Japan; Switzerland; and the United States, and indicates that TAM holds for both the U.S. and Switzerland, but not for Japan, suggesting that the model may not predict technology use across all cultures.
Information Systems ResearchAntecedents of B2C Channel Satisfaction and Preference: Validating e-Commerce Metrics
1,206 Citations2002Sarv Devaraj, Ming Fan +1 more
Results of a study that measured consumer satisfaction with the EC channel through constructs prescribed by three established frameworks, namely the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA), and Service Quality (SERVQUAL) found that TAM components--perceived ease of use and usefulness--are important in forming consumer attitudes and satisfaction withThe EC channel.
Information & ManagementInvestigating healthcare professionals’ decisions to accept telemedicine technology: an empirical test of competing theories
1,092 Citations2002Patrick Y.K. Chau, Paul Jen‐Hwa Hu
Findings suggest that TAM may be more appropriate than TPB for examining technology acceptance by individual professionals and that the integrated model, although more fully depicting physicians’ technology acceptance, may not provide significant additional explanatory power.
MIS QuarterlySources of Influence on Beliefs About Information Technology Use: An Empirical Study of Knowledge Workers1
1,076 Citations2003Lewis, Agarwal +1 more
It is suggested that beliefs about technology use can be influenced by top management commitment to new technology and the individual factors of personal innovativeness and self-efficacy and the context of a contemporary technology targeted at autonomous knowledge workers.
Journal of Marketing ResearchAntecedents and Consequences of Salesperson Job Satisfaction: Meta-Analysis and Assessment of Causal Effects
1,072 Citations1993Steven P. Brown, Robert A. Peterson
OmegaThe effects of self-efficacy on computer usage
1,011 Citations1995Magid Igbaria
An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is introduced that explicitly incorporates self-efficacy and its determinants (experience and organizational support) as factors affecting computer anxiety, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and the use of computer technology.
Personnel PsychologyTHEORY TESTING: COMBINING PSYCHOMETRIC META‐ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODELING
925 Citations1995Chockalingam Viswesvaran, Deniz S. Öneş
Computers & EducationThe acceptance and use of a virtual learning environment in China
925 Citations2006Erik M. van Raaij, Jeroen Schepers
A conceptual model to explain the differences between individual students in the level of acceptance and use of a VLE is built and includes subjective norm, personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology, and computer anxiety.
International Journal of Information ManagementTowards an understanding of the behavioural intention to use a web site
919 Citations2000Judy Chuan‐Chuan Lin, Hsi‐Peng Lu
It is shown that Web page providers not only have to make the content informative and timely, but they also need to design a speedy Web page by not putting in unnecessary pictorial data as it might jeopardise the display time.
Journal of Management Information SystemsA Motivational Model of Microcomputer Usage
896 Citations1996Magid Igbaria, Saroj Parasuraman +1 more
Results provided substantial support for the proposition that perceived usefulness (rather than perceived fun or social pressure) is the principal motivator and demonstrated that perceived complexity is a key intervening variable linking the antecedent variables (skills, organizational support, and organizational usage) with the three motivational variables.
Electronic Commerce Research and ApplicationsEffect of trust on customer acceptance of Internet banking
888 Citations2002Bomil Suh, Ingoo Han
This study introduces trust as another belief that has an impact on the acceptance of Internet banking and collects cases on the Web to survey users’ behavior towards Internet banks.
Extending the technology acceptance model to account for social influence: theoretical bases and empirical validation
871 Citations2003Yogesh Malhotra, Dennis F. Galletta
This study establishes theoretical and empirical bases for the above conceptualization in terms of Kelman's processes of internalization, identification and compliance, which provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs, factor structures and measures.
Information & ManagementWhy do individuals use computer technology? A Finnish case study
659 Citations1995Magid Igbaria, Juhani Iivari +1 more
It is found that extrinsic motivation plays a greater role in individuals' behavior and that perceived ease of use affects both perceived enjoyment and usefulness, as well as usage.
Journal of Organizational and End User ComputingThe Technology Acceptance Model
644 Citations2004Qingxiong Ma, Liping Liu
A meta-analysis based on 26 selected empirical studies suggests that both the correlation between usefulness and acceptance, and the relationship between ease of use and acceptance is weak, and its significance does not pass the fail-safe test.
Information & ManagementUnderstanding it adoption decisions in small business: integrating current theories
568 Citations2003Cynthia K. Riemenschneider, David A. Harrison +1 more
Using a "combine and conquer" strategy with the theory of planned behavior and the technology acceptance model, results indicate that a "Collected" model representing the underlying categories of cognitions from theTPB and the TAM provided a better fit than either the TAM or the TPB alone.
Journal of International Business StudiesCross-Cultural Examination of the Fishbein Behavioral Intentions Model
547 Citations1991Chol Lee, Robert T. Green
Decision Support SystemsThe antecedents and consequents of user perceptions in information technology adoption
543 Citations1998Ritu Agarwal, Jayesh Prasad
The study examines the effects of an important moderating influence – personal innovativeness – on the relationship between perceptions and adoption decisions and seeks to shed further light on the determinants of perceptions by examining the relative efficacy of mass media and interpersonal communication channels in facilitating perception development.
Information & ManagementThe relation between user satisfaction, usage of information systems and performance
465 Citations1998M. Gelderman
Empirical evidence is provided for the popular assumption that us is the most appropriate measure for is success available and for the relation between usage and performance.
Journal of Organizational and End User ComputingTAM or Just Plain Habit
438 Citations2003David Gefen
The data show that online shoppers’ intentions to continue using a website that they last bought at depend not only on PU and PEOU, but also on habit, indicating that habit alone can explain a large proportion of the variance of continued use of a website.
Computers & EducationAn empirical investigation of student acceptance of course websites
413 Citations2003Hassan M. Selim
Course website usefulness and ease of use proved to be key determinants of the acceptance and usage of course website as an effective and efficient learning technology.
Computers in Human BehaviorAn investigation of user attitudes toward search engines as an information retrieval tool
337 Citations2003Shu-Sheng Liaw, Hsiu‐Mei Huang
The results show that individual computer experience, quality of search systems, motivation, and perceptions of technology acceptance are all key factors that affect individual feelings to use search engines as an information retrieval tool.
European Journal of Information SystemsPerceived critical mass effect on groupware acceptance
334 Citations2000H Lou, Wenchang Luo +1 more
Perceived critical mass had the largest total effect (direct and indirect) on intention to use groupware and other relationships postulated in the model were also found to be significant.
Psychological MethodsCoefficient alpha and related internal consistency reliability coefficients.
319 Citations2000H. G. Osburn
Simulated data showed that alpha, though reasonably robust when computed on n components in moderately heterogeneous data, can under certain conditions seriously underestimate the reliability of a measure.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyStatistically combining independent studies: A meta-analysis of sex differences in conformity research.
280 Citations1979Harris Cooper
International Journal of Human-Computer StudiesEvaluating information accessibility and community adaptivity features for sustaining virtual learning communities
274 Citations2003Hock‐Hai Teo, Hock-Chuan Chan +2 more
Results indicate that both information accessibility and community adaptivity have significant effects on user perceptions and behavioural intention, and implications for theory and practice are drawn.
Gender Differences in Teacher Computer Acceptance.
249 Citations2002Allan H. K. Yuen, Will W.K.
Significant gender differences in computer acceptance are found and perceived usefulness will influence intention to use computers more strongly for females than males, and perceived ease of use will influence perceived usefulness more strong for males than females.
International Journal of Human-Computer StudiesPerceived usefulness, ease of use and electronic supermarket use
247 Citations2003Ron Henderson, Megan Divett
Results indicated that the Technology Acceptance Model could be successfully applied to an electronic supermarket setting, providing empirical support for the ability of the Technologyacceptance Model to predict actual behaviour.
International Journal of Information ManagementIT acceptance in a less-developed country: a motivational factor perspective
241 Citations2002Murugan Anandarajan, Magid Igbaria +1 more
This study examines factors that motivate users to accept technology and suggests that social pressure is an important factor affecting technology acceptance.
Journal of Economic PsychologyA cross-cultural investigation of consumer e-shopping adoption
204 Citations2003Jayoung Choi, Loren V. Geistfeld
Journal of Business ResearchSales force use of technology: antecedents to technology acceptance
201 Citations2005Leroy Robinson, Greg W. Marshall +1 more
Results reveal support for the TAM in a sales force context, as well as evidence that support services and personal innovativeness impact perceived ease of use of technology by field salespeople.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing ScienceNew Product Launch Strategy for Network Effects Products
184 Citations2003Yikuan Lee, Gina Colarelli O’Connor
Journal of Product Innovation ManagementIntermediating technologies and multi-group adoption: a comparison of consumer and merchant adoption intentions toward a new electronic payment system
174 Citations2001Christopher R. Plouffe
Findings from a study that illustrates the importance of evaluating and managing multigroup technology adoption in the specific context of an in-market trial of a new smart card-based electronic payment system suggest that it may be necessary to institute different marketing tactics to attract the early adopting groups.
Journal of Global Information Technology ManagementAn Examination of the Technology Acceptance Model in Uruguay and the US: A Focus on Culture
169 Citations2005Scott McCoy, Andrea Everard +1 more
Examining email usage among two distinct populations and investigating possible moderating effects that Hofstede's four cultural dimensions have on the TAM constructs indicate that TAM functions well across cross-cultural boundaries but in their current form it is impossible to test the impact of the individual culture dimensions on the relationships in the TAM model.
Journal of Research on Computing in EducationThe Influence of Programming Training on the Computer Literacy and Attitudes of Preservice Teachers
151 Citations1992Janice E. J. Woodrow
Significant gains were achieved in attitudes toward computers, both in the overall Computer Attitude Index and in five of the six component attitude dimensions of this Index.
Journal of Global Information Technology ManagementA Research Model for Mobile Phone Service Behaviors: Empirical Validation in the U.S. and Turkey
141 Citations2005En Mao, Mark Srite +2 more
Key factors that influence the usefulness, ease of use, and intentions to use advanced mobile phone services, such as mobile Internet access, E- Mail, and payments are explored.
Interacting with ComputersInformation technology acceptance in a sample of government employees: a test of the technology acceptance model
135 Citations2000Peter Roberts, Ron Henderson
The study achieved its purpose of replicating and validating a development of the TAM, although only moderate support for the model was found.
Computers in Human BehaviorThe relationship of attitudes to computer utilization: New evidence from a developing nation
130 Citations1998Muhammad A. Al-Khaldi, Ibrahim M. Al‐Jabri
The findings indicated that the overall attitude did affect computer utilization, and the part of attitude scale that presented the strongest predictor of utilization was computer liking followed by confidence.
International Journal of Electronic CommerceConsumer Bidding Behavior on Internet Auction Sites
111 Citations2002Barbara Stern Marla Royne Stafford
Managers should make auction sites simple and accessible, develop and encourage involvement with their sites, and recognize that individuals who have a high affinity for computers and readily accept technology comprise a lucrative target market.
Communications of the IIMAExploring Factors Associated with Wireless Internet via Mobile Technology Acceptance in Mainland China
93 Citations2014June Lu, Chang‐Tien Lu +2 more
This study explores factors significantly impact the acceptance of Wireless Internet via Mobile Technology (WIMT) in China and provides diagnostic insight into how different factors influence user intention to accept WIMT in China.
European Journal of Information SystemsThe development of two tools for measuring the easiness and usefulness of transactional Web sites
80 Citations2002Adel M. Aladwani
The present study describes the development of two tools for measuring perceived easiness and usefulness in a Web context and reveals that the two instruments demonstrate sound measurement properties and would be useful to organisations interested in setting up an electronic business, and to scholars interested in Web research.
International Journal of Knowledge ManagementAssessing Knowledge Management System User Acceptance with the Technology Acceptance Model
61 Citations2005William H. Money, Arch Turner
Findings suggest that the considerable body of previous TAM related IT research may be usefully applied to the knowledge management (KM) domain where interdependent social processes that require knowledge creation, storage and retrieval, transfer, and application are required for effective organizational functioning.
Industrial Management & Data SystemsStandard user interface in e‐commerce sites
57 Citations2003Shin‐Ping Liu, Dennis Tucker +2 more
This research investigates how an individual's perceptions of key beliefs surrounding the use of the e‐commerce site with the standard user interface would influence the individual’s decision to accept these e-commerce sites for online shopping purposes.
Journal of Global Information ManagementPerceptions and Attitudes about E-Commerce Development in China
55 Citations2003Antonis C. Stylianou, Stephanie S. Robbins +1 more
A descriptive profile of Chinese business managers with respect to their awareness of the technological infrastructure as well as their perceptions and attitudes regarding eCommerce provides insight into the future of eCommerce in China within the framework of organizational commitment to eCommerce driven innovation.
Interacting with ComputersThe beta test of an electronic supermarket
50 Citations1998R Henderson, Debra Rickwood +1 more
A theoretical model of the factors identified as being important in the use of electronic supermarkets is presented, which revealed that two variables contributed significantly to the intention to use the system in the future: enjoyment in using the system and peer-group norms.
Journal of electronic commerce researchAdoption of On-line Trading in the Hong Kong Financial Market.
46 Citations2001Adela S.M. Lau, Jerome Yen +1 more
A research model based on the Decomposed Version Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) is used to identify the factors that affect investors’ adoption of on-line trading and results can be helpful to the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) for planning the launch of Internet trading.
Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)The Validity of an Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for Predicting Intranet/Portal Usage
39 Citations2019Paul Vin-Cent Chang
Incorporating Technology Readiness (TR) Into TAM: Are Individual Traits Important to Understand Technology Acceptance?
38 Citations2003Yuandong Yi, Lai Lai Tung +1 more
Journal of Management Information SystemsSocial Determinants of Information Systems Use
35 Citations1989David Robertson
The results are believed to have implications for many important areas of is research such as the strategic use of is, user involvement in the is design process, and research on the impacts of is.
Using the Internet as a learning medium: an exploration of gender difference in the adoption of FaBWeb
32 Citations2003Christy M.K. Cheung, Matthew Lee +1 more
…