Excitatory Amino Acid Transmitters
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and ToxicologyPublished 1 April 1981
J.C. Watkins, Richard H. Evans
Citations2,488
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score4.03
SNIP3.04
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Abstract
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Keywords
NeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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1,093 Citations1980Norman G. Bowery, David R. Hill +5 more
GABA clearly decreased the evoked release of accumulated 3H-noradrenaline from rat atria in vitro and3H-acetylcholine from preganglionic terminals in the rat superior cervical ganglion in vitro without affecting the basal release of tritium.
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697 Citations1972Vladimír J. Balcar, Graham A.R. Johnston
The high affinity uptake system for l‐glutamate and l‐ aspartate in rat cerebral cortex may not be specific for these likely excitatory synaptic transmitters, as threo‐3‐hydroxy‐dl‐aspartate, l‐cysteinesulphinate, l-cysteate and d‐as partate strongly inhibit the observed high affinity take-up by rat brain slices in a manner consistent with linear competitive inhibition.
Brain ResearchA glutamatergic corticostriatal path?
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NatureHigh affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons
484 Citations1977Ivan Divac, Frode Fonnum +1 more
It is shown that high affinity uptake of glu is selectively reduced in the neostriatum after lesions in the neocortex, and may be useful as a marker for putative glutamergic and/or aspartergic nerve endings.
ScienceEvidence for L-glutamate as the Neurotransmitter of Baroreceptor Afferent Nerve Fibers
452 Citations1980William T. Talman, Mark H. Perrone +1 more
Microinjection of L-glutamate into the intermediate nucleus tractus solitarii in anesthetized rats elicits hypotension, bradycardia, and apnea, simulating baroreceptor reflexes, which indicates that L-Glutamate may be the neurotransmitter of afferent nerve fibers from arterial baroreceptors.
Brain ResearchGlutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of preferentially released glutamate
419 Citations1979Anders Hamberger, Grace Chiang +3 more
Glutamine was superior to glucose or pyruvate as precursor and most specifically labeled the putative transmitter pool of glutamate, which suggests that the transmitter Pool of glutamate is in perforant path terminals and can be synthesized from glucose or glutamine.
The Journal of PhysiologySelective depression of excitatory amino acid induced depolarizations by magnesium ions in isolated spinal cord preparations.
396 Citations1980Brian Ault, Richard H. Evans +3 more
From the similarity in action between Mg2+ and the D‐alpha‐aminoadipate group of NMDA antagonists, it is suggested that the central depressant action of low concentrations of Mg1+ involves predominantly a postsynaptically mediated interference with the action of an excitatory amino acid transmitter.
Brain ResearchGlutamic acid: Selective depletion by viral induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum
344 Citations1974Anne B. Young, Mary Lou Oster‐Granite +2 more
Findings suggest that glutamic acid is the natural neurotransmitter of the cerebellar granule cell in hamsters induced by rat virus strain PRE 308.
Brain ResearchKainate-induced degeneration of neostriatal neurons: dependency upon corticostriatal tract
325 Citations1978Edith G. McGeer, Patrick L. McGeer +1 more
NatureNew class of glutamate agonist structurally related to ibotenic acid
315 Citations1980Povl Krogsgaard‐Larsen, T. Honoré +3 more
A new class of Glu agonist obtained by structural manipulation of Ibo is described, which is likely to be converted by decarboxylation into muscimol20 during microelectrophoretic ejection near CNS neurones.
Journal of NeurochemistryBINDING OF [<sup>3</sup>H]KAINIC ACID, AN ANALOGUE OF <scp>l</scp>‐GLUTAMATE, TO BRAIN MEMBRANES
312 Citations1976Jay Simon, Joseph F. Contrera +1 more
In studies of subcellular fractionation of the brain, it was found that crude synaptosomal membrane preparations were most enriched in specific [3H]kainic acid binding, and the specified binding was localized to grey matter in the brain.
NatureAspartate and glutamate as possible transmitters of excitatory hippocampal afferents
303 Citations1976J. Victor Nadler, K Vaca +3 more
These phenomena must involve profound alterations of synaptic biochemistry, but the requisite biochemical studies cannot be performed until the transmitters used by these inputs are known.
Brain ResearchKainic acid neurotoxicity toward hippocampal formation: Dependence on specific excitatory pathways
281 Citations1980J. Victor Nadler, Gilbert J. Cuthbertson
It is suggested that kainic acid destroys neurons indirectly, by initiating a prolonged status epilepticus that is lethal to seizure-sensitive neurons, such as the hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Journal of NeurochemistryELEVATION OF CYCLIC GMP LEVELS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BY EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY AMINO ACIDS<sup>1</sup>
263 Citations1974James A. Ferrendelli, Ming-Jui Chang +1 more
Data suggest an involvement of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in the neurochemical actions of glutamate, GABA and glycine, and in the absence of Ca2+, none of the three amino acids has any effect on cyclicGMP levels, and glutamate produces only a 50 per cent rise in cyclicAMP levels.
Journal of NeurochemistryACTION OF THE NEUROTOXIN KAINIC ACID ON HIGH AFFINITY UPTAKE OF <scp>l</scp>‐GLUTAMIC ACID IN RAT BRAIN SLICES
262 Citations1979Graham A.R. Johnston, Sue Kennedy +1 more
Kainic acid is a linear competitive inhibitor (Kis 250 μm) of the ‘high affinity’ uptake of l‐glutamic acid into rat brain slices and does not influence the steady‐state release or potassium‐stimulated release of preloaded d‐aspartic acid fromRat brain slices.
NeuroscienceEvaluation of glutamate as a neurotransmitter of cerebellar parallel fibers
255 Citations1978María Elena Sandoval, Carl W. Cotman
Glutamate release was studied in relationship to the characteristics of stimulus-secretion coupling processes used by known transmitters and compared to those of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a known cerebellar neurotransmitter: the properties of glutamate release were indistinguishable from those of GABA.
Neuroscience LettersPresynaptic effect of L-glutamic acid on the release of dopamine in rat striatal slices
229 Citations1977M.F. Giorguieff, M.L. Kemel +1 more
The data obtained support the hypothesis of a direct control of DA release from nerve terminals by glutamatergic neurons and exclude the possible intervention of striatal cholinergic neurons.
Brain ResearchGlutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy
215 Citations1977Jon Storm‐Mathisen
It is demonstrated by quantitative assay and autoradiography that the high affinity uptake of [aH]GLU is heavily reduced in the target areas of the CI and PP when these systems degenerate after axotomy.
NatureLocalization and Release of Glutamic Acid in Relation to the Hippocampal Mossy Fibre Pathway
212 Citations1973I. L. Crawford, James D. Connor
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the hippocampus is involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, and excitatory projections from entorhinal neurones form the final link in the chain between the sensory neocortex and the hippocampus by making synaptic contact with granule cells of the dentate gyrus.
Biochemical JournalThe role of glutamic acid in the transport of potassium in brain and retina
204 Citations1950Charles Terner, L. V. Eggleston +1 more
It was observed that, on chromatographing with water-saturated 8obutanol or phenol, urea separates well from PAS, and following mild hydrolysis of the urine with hydrochloric acid the spot corresponding to PAB also becomes stronger and brighter.
NeuroscienceAction of baclofen on mammalian synaptic transmission
200 Citations1978Steven E. Fox, K. Krnjević +3 more
Microiontophoretic and systemic injections were used to investigate the mechanism of baclofen's powerful depressant action on transmission at primary afferent synapses in the cat and depressed the spontaneous and evoked activity of cuneate cells and reduced the excitability and input resistance of spinal motoneurones.
Journal of NeurochemistryHIGH AFFINITY <scp>l</scp>‐[<sup>3</sup>H]GLUTAMATE BINDING TO POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTOR SITES ON RAT CEREBELLAR MEMBRANES
199 Citations1978Alan C. Foster, Peter Roberts
Comparison of the potencies of a wide range of compounds with known pharmacological activities, demonstrated that their ability to displace specific glutamate binding was consistent with specific interactions with glutamate receptors.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and PharmacologyRate of release of amino acids from the cerebral cortex in the cat as affected by brainstem and thalamic stimulation
198 Citations1969Herbert H. Jasper, Ikuko Koyama‐Honda
The rate of release of amino acids from the cerebral cortex has been measured by a surface superfusion technique in spinal (encephale isole) cat preparations in relation to the state of cortical activity.
Brain ResearchThe effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons
189 Citations1980Roger A. Nicoll, J. Martin Wojtowicz
The results suggest that the GABAmimetic effect of PB may be an important feature in the depressant and anesthetic properties of PB.
Brain ResearchEvidence for glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the corticofugal fibres to the dorsal lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus in rats
187 Citations1978R. Lund Karlsen, Frode Fonnum
The high-affinity uptake of L-glutamate, D-aspartate and GABA were examined in homogenates from the dorsal lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus after removal of the right visual cortex of adult rats and showed that the main part of the uptake was confined to the synaptosomal fraction of both regions.
Journal of NeurochemistryBACLOFEN: EFFECTS ON AMINO ACID RELEASE AND METABOLISM IN SLICES OF GUINEA PIG CEREBRAL CORTEX
182 Citations1979S.J. Potashner
It was concluded that Baclofen affects transmission by selectively suppressing the release of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate from nerve terminals, and an increase in glycine turnover suggests an additional effect on inhibitory glycinergic interneurons in the spinal cord.
The Journal of PhysiologyAfter‐effects of nerve impulses on signalling in the central nervous system of the leech
181 Citations1969D. A. Baylor, John G. Nicholls
A long‐lasting hyperpolarization has been observed in sensory neurones of the C.N.S. of the leech following natural stimulation applied to their receptive fields and its effects on signalling were investigated by intracellular recording.
Brain ResearchClimbing fiber activation and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content in cortex and deep nuclei of cerebellum
172 Citations1976Giovanni Biggio, Alessandro Guidotti
An increase of cGMP content in postsynaptic cerebellar elements (presumable Purkinje cells) may be an expression of an increased release of an excitatory transmitter from either the climbing fivers or the parallel fibers.
NatureExcitatory action of TRH on spinal motoneurones
171 Citations1977Roger A. Nicoll
The finding that thyrotropin-releasing hormone can be localised by immunohistochemical techniques to nerve fibres in a variety of brain regions, and that it has stereoselective, high-affinity binding sites in brain, suggests that TRH may be a neurotransmitter.
The Journal of PhysiologyExtracellular potassium activity, intracellular and extracellular potential responses in the spinal cord.
163 Citations1975Eric W. Lothman, George G. Somjen
The results are compatible with the suggestions that changes of the membrane potential of spinal neuroglia cells are fully determined by the change of the activity of extracellular potassium, and that glia cells supply most of the current which generates sustained shifts of the extraceocytes of spinal grey matter.
NeuroscienceUptake of [3H]glutamic acid in excitatory nerve endings: Light and electronmicroscopic observations in the hippocampal formation of the rat
162 Citations1979Jon Storm‐Mathisen, Leslie L. Iversen
The findings show that high affinity glutamate uptake sites are concentrated in excitatory nerve endings, which may be ‘glutamergic’ according to other data.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesL-aspartate: evidence for a role in cone photoreceptor synaptic transmission in the carp retina.
160 Citations1978S. M. Wu, J. E. Dowling
The results suggest that L-aspartate and the natural transmitter interact with the same population of postsynaptic receptors in the horizontal cell membrane.
British Journal of PharmacologyANTAGONISM OF EXCITATORY AMINO ACID‐INDUCED RESPONSES AND OF SYNAPTIC EXCITATION IN THE ISOLATED SPINAL CORD OF THE FROG
151 Citations1979Richard H. Evans, A. A. Francis +3 more
The results support the concept of different types of excitatory amino acid receptors, with NMDA and its antagonists acting predominantly on one type.
Journal of NeurochemistryTHE EFFECT OF INTRAHIPPOCAMPAL KAINIC ACID INJECTIONS AND SURGICAL LESIONS ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND SEPTUM
147 Citations1978Frode Fonnum, Ivar Walaas
It seems that all GABAergic fibres in the hippocampus belong to intrinsic neurons whereas glutamergic and aspartergic neurons belong partly to local neurons, and the connection from the hippocampus to the lateral septum probably uses glutamate as a transmitter.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe actions of excitatory amino acids on motoneurones in the feline spinal cord.
146 Citations1979I. Engberg, J A Flatman +1 more
The results for the mechanism of excitatory transmission is discussed and it is concluded that the DLH response is probably mediated via a decrease in K+ conductance and that the availability of this conductance channel is potential dependent.
PubMedExcitatory amino acid receptors and synaptic excitation in the mammalian central nervous system.
144 Citations1979J. Davies, Richard H. Evans +2 more
At least two different types of excitatory amino acid receptors have been identified in the mammalian and amphibian central nervous systems and it is proposed that these receptors are transmitter receptors activated by an excited amino acid.
NeurologyThe effects on synaptic of Lioresal activity in the isolated spinal cord
139 Citations1974Robert A. Davidoff, E. SIMON SEARS
NatureD-α-Aminoadipate as a selective antagonist of amino acid-induced and synaptic excitation of mammalian spinal neurones
135 Citations1977T. J. Biscoe, Richard H. Evans +5 more
The results presented here indicate that D-α-aminoadipate selectively antagonises NMDA- and L-aspartate-induced responses of dorsal horn interneurones and Renshaw cells and depresses non-cholinergic synaptic excitation of these cells evoked by dorsal root stimulation, whereas cholinergicexcitation of Rensaw cells evokes by iontophoretic acetylcholine or ventral root stimulation is not depressed by this agent.
PubMedEffects of retinal ablation on uptake of glutamate, glycine, GABA, proline and choline in pigeon tectum.
134 Citations1976H. Henke, T. M. Schenker +1 more
Experimental Brain ResearchThe inactivation of extracellularly administered amino acids in the feline spinal cord
133 Citations1970D.R. Curtis, A.W. Duggan +1 more
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NeuropharmacologyA new potent excitant, quisqualic acid: Effects on crayfish neuromuscular junction
130 Citations1974H. Shinozaki, Shibuya Izumi
The effect of quisqualic acid, an amino acid obtained from the seed of Quisqualis indica L., on the neuromuscular junction of the crayfish was investigated and induced desensitization of the receptor to l -glutamic acid.
Journal of NeurochemistryActions of Tremorgenic Fungal Toxins on Neurotransmitter Release
130 Citations1980P. J. Norris, Christopher Smith +5 more
Verruculogen was shown to cause a substantial increase in the miniature‐end‐plate potential (m.p. p.) frequency at the locust neuromuscular junction and the effects of the tremorgens on transmitter release are interpreted in terms of their mode of action.
Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyBaclofen: stereoselective inhibition of excitant amino acid release
125 Citations1980Graham A.R. Johnston, M H Hailstone +1 more
R E F E R E N C E S Paton, W. D. M., Vizi, E. S.
Journal of NeurochemistryCONTENTS OF SEVERAL AMINO ACIDS IN THE CEREBELLUM, BRAIN STEM AND CEREBRUM OF THE ‘STAGGERER’, ‘WEAVER’ AND ‘NERVOUS’ NEUROLOGICALLY MUTANT MICE<sup>1</sup>
121 Citations1976William J. McBride, M. H. Aprison +1 more
A possible role for glutamate functioning as an excitatory transmitter when released from the cerebellar granule cells is discussed in terms of a possible roles for GABA and alanine in the cerebrum of the nervous mutants.
Journal of NeurochemistryCOUPLED TRANSPORT OF GLUTAMATE AND SODIUM IN A CEREBELLAR NERVE CELL LINE
121 Citations1979William B. Stallcup, Karen Bulloch +1 more
The cerebellar nerve cell line ε1 has a very effective active transport system for glutamate, but it does not have an excitatory glutamate receptor, and studies on the specificity of the ε2 glutamate transport system show that it is distinct from systems that transport alanine and glycine.
Journal of NeurochemistryBIOCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIATED BY GLUTAMATE AND ASPARTATE
118 Citations1978J. Victor Nadler, William F. White +3 more
Slabs of hippocampal regions were used to evaluate certain biochemical properties as markers for sites of transmission mediated by glutamate and aspartate and content and accumulation were compared with their Ca2+‐dependent effluxes.
Journal of NeurochemistryACTIONS OF <scp>l</scp>‐ AND <scp>d</scp>‐HOMOCYSTEATE IN RAT CNS: A CORRELATION BETWEEN LOW‐AFFINITY UPTAKE AND THE TIME COURSES OF EXCITATION BY MICROELECTROPHORETICALLY APPLIED L‐GLUTAMATE ANALOGUES
117 Citations1977D.W.G. Cox, M. H. Headley +1 more
A correlation has been attempted between the uptake characteristics of l‐ and d‐homocysteate and the time courses of neuronal excitation by these and other amino acids related to l‐glutamate.
Brain ResearchThe release of amino acids with proposed neurotransmitter function from the cuneate and gracile nuclei of the rat in vivo
117 Citations1974Peter Roberts
The release of both exogenous and endogenous amino acid neurotransmitter-suspects from the superfused rat dorsal column nuclei preparation was investigated and results are discussed in relation to current knowledge of amino acid transmitter release and the neuropharmacology of cuneate synaptic transmission.
Experimental Brain ResearchThe differential sensitivity to L-glutamate and L-aspartate of spinal interneurones and Renshaw cells
113 Citations1974A.W. Duggan
Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that L-glutamate is the transmitter released by primary afferent fibres and L-aspartate is that released by spinal excitatory interneurones.
Experimental Brain ResearchThe differential sensitivity of spinal interneurones and Renshaw cells to kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate
112 Citations1974R.M. McCulloch, Graham A.R. Johnston +2 more
Spinal interneurones were relatively more sensitive than Renshaw cells to kainate, a conformationally restricted analogue of glutamate, consistent with proposed transmitter roles for L-glutamate and L-aspartate in the spinal cord.
Journal of Neuroscience ResearchEffects of cortical ablation on the neurotoxicity and receptor binding of kainic acid in striatum
112 Citations1979Kathleen Bizière, Joseph T. Coyle
The results suggest that afferent input exerts a permissive effect on the neurotoxic action of kainic acid and that neurotoxicity may involve a cooperative interaction between kaini acid at specific receptors on vulnerable neurons and synaptically released endogenous neurotransmitters, in particular L‐glutamic acid.
Journal of Histochemistry & CytochemistryDistribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, glutamate and aspartate in the cochlear nucleus of the rat.
110 Citations1978Donald A. Godfrey, J A Carter +2 more
The distributions of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, glutamate and aspartate were measured in cochlear nuclei of two rats by quantitative histochemical mapping procedures, consistent with a concept that these putative transmitter amino acids have similar levels and distributions in the coChlear nucleus among mammals.
Brain ResearchFree amino acids in the synaptosome and synaptic vesicle fractions of different bovine brain areas
109 Citations1980P. Kontro, Kirsi‐Marja Marnela +1 more
Taurine was the only amino acid highly enriched in the vesicle fractions and it is suggested therefore that taurine is rather a ubiquitous associate of synaptic membrane structures than a specific inhibitory transmitter.
Brain ResearchOn the preparation of brain slices: morphology and cyclic nucleotides
107 Citations1979John Garthwaite, P.L. Woodhams +2 more
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106 Citations1980Kathleen Bizière, Hunter Thompson +1 more
Results are compatible with the interpretation that the binding of [3H]glutamic acid occurs at excitatory receptors on neurons.
Journal of Histochemistry & CytochemistryQuantitative histochemical mapping of candidate transmitter amino acids in cat cochlear nucleus.
106 Citations1977Donald A. Godfrey, J A Carter +3 more
The auditory nerve lacked high levels of any of the amino acids, as did the olivocochlear bundle, but some unusually high glycine levels were found in parts of the vestibularnerve.
Neuroscience LettersAsparate and/or glutamate may be transmitters in hippocampal efferents to septum and hypothalamus
105 Citations1978Jon Storm‐Mathisen, M. Opsahl
High affinity uptakes of asparate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) were heavily and selectively reduced in the lateral septum and mammillary body by surgical interruption of their connections with the hippocampal formation in rats.
Neuroscience LettersKainic acid and the glutamate receptor
101 Citations1978Judith G. Hall, T.P. Hicks +1 more
Antagonism by both D-α-amino adipic acid (DAA) and glutamic Acid diethyl ester (GDEE) of the effects of glutamic acid but not those of kainic acid suggests that these two excitants elevate neuronal firing rate by interaction with differing receptor populations.
Brain ResearchAspartic acid and glutamic acid levels in the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion
98 Citations1977Robert J. Wenthold, Robert L. Gulley
Ulastructural analysis of the cochlear nucleus showed that most primary auditory terminals were degenerating one day after co chlear ablation; the terminals were enlarged and the number of synaptic vesicles was reduced.
British Journal of PharmacologyGLUTAMATE AS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER OF CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS IN THE RAT: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
98 Citations1979Trevor W. Stone
These results support neurochemical evidence that glutamic acid may be the neurotransmitter released by granule cell parallel fibres, and support the view that aminoacid antagonist αAA is selectively antagonistic towards aminoacids.
The Journal of PhysiologyEvidence of a neurotransmitter role for aspartate and γ‐aminobutyric acid in the rat olfactory cortex
98 Citations1979G.G.S. Collins
Using a cortical cup technique, the release of seven endogenous amino acids from the isolated rat olfactory cortex slice has been monitored and it is found that these amino acids are related to prolactin, which is a major component of cannabis.
Brain ResearchThe effect of acidic amino acid antagonists on synaptic transmission in the hippocampal formation in vitro
97 Citations1979William F. White, J. Victor Nadler +1 more
None of these drugs affected the amplitude of presynaptic fiber potentials or antidromic responses, indicating that they probably acted at synapses, and an antagonism at the synapse between pyramidal cell and inhibitory interneuron can be explained.
The Journal of PhysiologyCortical pyramidal tract interneurones and their sensitivity to L‐glutamic acid
97 Citations1973Trevor W. Stone
Pyramidal tract interneurones have been identified in the rat cerebral cortex and stimulation in a specific thalamic nucleus produced a burst of activity lasting for up to 1 sec.
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors
95 Citations1980Joseph T. Coyle
Brain ResearchMg2+-like selective antagonism of excitatory amino acid-induced responses by α,ε-diaminopimelic acid, D-α-maminoadipate and HA-966 in isolated spinal cord of frog and immature rat
93 Citations1978Richard H. Evans, A. A. Francis +1 more
The Journal of PhysiologyMechanisms of post‐synaptic excitation in amphibian motoneurones.
89 Citations1978A. I. Shapovalov, B.I. Shiriaev +1 more
Post‐synaptic excitation produced in motoneurones of the isolated perfused frog spinal cord by different monosynaptic inputs and by ionophoretically applied glutamate was analysed with intracellular recording technique and it is suggested that synaptically released transmitter triggers off the Na permeability of the subsynaptic membrane.
British Journal of PharmacologyGLUTAMATE ANTAGONISTS IN RAT HIPPOCAMPUS
84 Citations1976Menahem Segal
It is suggested that an acidic amino acid may serve as a neurotransmitter in the commissural path to area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus.
European Journal of PharmacologyEffect of L-glutamate and kainate on rat cerebellar cGMP levels in vivo
83 Citations1979Patricia A. Briley, Jean Claude Kouyoumdjian +2 more
The data suggest that L-glutamate and kainate may be acting upon different sub-populations of glutamate receptors, both of which may be involved in the regulation of cerebellar cGMP levels.
Brain ResearchA comparison of sodium-dependent glutamate binding with high-affinity glutamate uptake in rat striatum
81 Citations1980Steven R. Vincent, Edith G. McGeer
The results suggest that about half the Na+-dependent glutamate binding sites in the striatum represent high-affinity uptake sites on the corticostriatal terminals and the remainder are located on striatal neurons and may also be uptake sites.
Experimental Brain ResearchSpecific calcium-dependent release of endogenous glutamate from rat striatum is reduced by destruction of the cortico-striatal tract
81 Citations1980Gethin J. Rowlands, Peter Roberts
Rat neostriatal slices exhibited a Ca2+-dependent release of endogenous glutamate when depolarized by elevated K+.
NeuroscienceDistribution of putative amino acid transmitters, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase in the inferior colliculus
81 Citations1979Joe C. Adams, Robert J. Wenthold
The lack of change in the content of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase after lesion of inputs from the cortex or cochlear nucleus makes it unlikely that acetylcholine or α-aminobutyrate are transmitters in these pathways.
Journal of Biological ChemistryStimulated Formation of Cyclic Adenosine 3′:5′-Monophosphate by Aspartate and Glutamate in Cerebral Cortical Slices of Guinea Pig
80 Citations1974Hirotoshi Shimizu, Hiroko Ichishita +1 more
The amino acids tested suggest that the amino acids may be a new class of stimulants which is different from biogenic amines, adenosine, and depolarizing agents as stimulants for cyclic AMP formation in incubated brain slices.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and PharmacologyRanking of excitatory amino acids by the antagonists glutamic acid diethylester and <scp>D</scp>-α-aminoadipic acid
78 Citations1978T.P. Hicks, Judith G. Hall +1 more
The results support the proposition that more than one neuronal receptor sensitive to the amino acids exists, and the ranking orders of the excitant compounds differ for these two antagonists permits an analysis of the types of receptors with which the amino acid excitants react.
Brain ResearchIntracellularly-recorded effects of glutamate and aspartate on neurones in the guinea-pig olfactory cortex slice
77 Citations1980Andrew Constanti, John D. Connor +2 more
The results emphasize that glutamate and aspartate can evoke a variety of neuronal responses from olfactory cortex neurones that were previously undetected in experiments based on extracellular recordings.
European Journal of PharmacologyDepression of synaptic excitation and of amino acid induced excitatory responses of spinal neurones by D-α-aminoadipate, α,ϵ-diaminopimelic acid and HA-966
76 Citations1977T. J. Biscoe, J. Davies +5 more
European Journal of PharmacologySpecific antagonism of excitant amino acids in the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat
75 Citations1978Richard H. Evans, Jeffrey C. Watkins
It is proposed that the agents specifically block synaptic transmission mediated by an excitatory amino acid in the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion.
Brain ResearchMicroelectrophoretic studies on the depressant action of HA-966 on chemically and synaptically excited neurones in the cat cerebral cortex and cuneate nucleus
73 Citations1973J. Davies, J. C. Watkins
It is proposed that a blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors may contribute substantially to the depressant action of the compound on l -glutamate- and l -aspartate-induced excitation and a similar mechanism may also be involved in the depressants action of HA-966 on the synaptic responses of cuneate neurones.
Brain ResearchPhylogenetic distribution of [3H]kainic acid receptor binding sites in neuronal tissue
72 Citations1980Edythe D. London, Nikolai Klemm +1 more
These studies demonstrated a widespread distribution throughout the animal kingdom of specific binding sites for kainic acid in neural tissue; the characteristics of these receptor sites are remarkably similar from primitive vertebrates to man.
Brain ResearchSelective antagonism by D-α-aminoadipate of amino acid and synaptic excitation of cat spinal neurons
71 Citations1978David Lodge, P.M. Headley +1 more
NatureHomocysteine Metabolism in Scurvy, Growth and Arteriosclerosis
70 Citations1971Kevin K. McCully
It is suggested that ascorbic acid catalyses the oxidation of Homocysteine in vivo, and that homocysteic acid is a precursor of the esterified sulphate of connective tissue proteoglycans.
Brain ResearchGlutamic acid and aspartic acid in subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus after auditory nerve lesion
67 Citations1978Robert J. Wenthold
Journal of NeurochemistryEFFECT OF STIMULATION OF EXCITATORY NERVE TRACT ON RELEASE OF GLUTAMIC ACID FROM OLFACTORY CORTEX SLICES <i>IN VITRO</i>
67 Citations1976C. Yamamoto, Shoko Matsui
Results indicate that stimulation to the lateral olfactory tract enhances liberation of glutamate from the tract nerve terminals.
Brain ResearchSelective destruction by kainic acid of neurons innervated by putative glutamergic afferents in septum and nucleus of the diagonal band
66 Citations1980D. Malthe‐Sørenssen, Erling Odden +1 more
The Journal of PhysiologyThe excitation and depression of spinal neurones by ibotenic acid.
66 Citations1979D.R. Curtis, David Lodge +1 more
It is suggested that ibotenate is converted in vivo to muscimol or a related compound which has a prolonged, bicuculline‐sensitive depressant action on the excitability of neurones.
Brain ResearchPatterns of endogenous amino acid release from slices of rat and guinea-pig olfactory cortex
63 Citations1981G.G.S. Collins, J. Anson +1 more
It is concluded that there is probably an identity of amino acid neurotransmitters (aspartate, glutamate and GABA) in rat and guinea pig olfactory cortex.
Journal of NeurochemistryProblems Associated with the Binding of L‐Glutamic Acid to Synaptic Membranes: Methodological Aspects
62 Citations1980Najam A. Sharif, Peter Roberts
While binding of [3H]glutamate is almost abolished in frozen or cold‐stored membranes, lyophilisation had a remarkable effect, not only affording protection, but actually enhancing the binding properties of the synaptic membrane preparation.
Journal of NeurochemistryCOMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DEPOLARIZING AGENTS AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS ON REGIONAL CNS CYCLIC GMP LEVELS IN VARIOUS'ANIMALS
58 Citations1976Dorothy A. Kinscherf, Ming-Jui Chang +3 more
The results suggest that mechanisms regulating cyclic GMP levels in mammalian CNS vary among brain regions and among animal species.
Journal of NeurochemistryEFFECTS OF X‐IRRADIATION INDUCED LOSS OF CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS ON THE SYNAPTOSOMAL LEVELS AND THE HIGH AFFINITY UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS<sup>1</sup>
58 Citations1979Brooks H. Rohde, M.A. Rea +2 more
In the P2 fraction from control cerebella, the level of glutamate was greater than any other of the 5 amino acids measured and was 2‐fold higher than taurine, which was present at the next highest level, and was slightly higher than that found for aspartate and was 3‐fold greater than that observed for GABA.
Brain ResearchIn vivo inactivation of quisqualate: studies in the cat spinal cord
58 Citations1980David Lodge, D.R. Curtis +2 more
Brain ResearchGlutaminase and aspartate aminotransferase decrease in the cochlear nucleus after lesion of the auditory nerve
57 Citations1980Robert J. Wenthold
Journal of NeurochemistryDipeptide Antagonists of Amino Acid‐Induced and Synaptic Excitation in the Frog Spinal Cord
56 Citations1980A. A. Francis, Alan Wayne Jones +1 more
The dipeptide γ‐d‐glutamylglycine (γDGG) antagonizes amino acidinduced depolarization and synaptic excitation in the isolated hemisected spinal cord of the frog and appeared to be more effective than DαAS in depressing kainate‐induced responses.
Journal of NeurochemistryISOLATION OF HYDROPHOBIC PROTEINS BINDING AMINO ACIDS. STEREOSELECTIVITY OF THE BINDING OF L‐[<sup>14</sup>C]GLUTAMIC ACID IN CEREBRAL CORTEX
55 Citations1976E. De Robertis, Sara Fiszer de Plazas
The binding of L‐[14C]glutamic acid was not inhibited by GABA, was slightly inhibited by glycine and glutamine and was strongly inhibited in a progressive order by DL‐a‐methylglutamic acid, L‐nuciferine,L‐aspartic acid and L‐glutomic acid diethyl ester.
Journal of NeurochemistryThe Effects of Scorpion Venom Toxin on the Release of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters from Cerebral Cortex <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i>
55 Citations1980Joaquim Coutinho‐Netto, Abdul‐Salam Abdul‐Ghani +3 more
It is concluded that the tityustoxin has a primary action on release of neurotransmitters rather than on uptake, and its effects on synaptosomes appear to be due to a depolarising action.
Journal of NeurochemistryAMINO ACID AND SUBSTANCE P CONTENTS IN SPINAL CORD OF CATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HIND‐LIMB RIGIDITY PRODUCED BY OCCLUSION OF SPINAL CORD BLOOD SUPPLY
54 Citations1979Shinji Homma, Toshio Suzuki +2 more
The results are consistent with the notions that GABA occurs in the dorsal horn interneurons subserving primary afferent depolarisation, and that substance P is concentrated inPrimary afferent fibre terminals.
Journal of NeurochemistryTHE OXIDATION OF GLYCINE BY <scp>d</scp>‐AMINO ACID OXIDASE IN EXTRACTS OF MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE
53 Citations1969Wilhelmina J. de Marchi, Graham A.R. Johnston
Glycine was a substrate for d‐amino acid oxidase purified from extracts of cat spinal cord and sheep cerebellum and it was found that d‐Aspartate and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate were oxidized at a rate similar to that of glycine by the purified sheep Cerebellum extract.
The Journal of PhysiologyBlockade by amino acid antagonists of neuronal excitation mediated by the pyramidal tract.
53 Citations1976Trevor W. Stone
The results raise the possibility that the neurotransmitter released by neurones of the pyramidal tract may be an excitatory amino acid.
NeuroscienceRelease ofd-[3H]aspartate from the dorsolateral septum after electrical stimulation of the fimbria in vitro
52 Citations1980D. Malthe‐Sørenssen, K.K. Skrede +1 more
The results strongly suggest that two axon collaterals from the same hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells usel-glutamate as neurotransmitter will be used as a neurotransmitter in guinea-pig brain.
Brain ResearchEffects of kainic acid, a cyclic analogue of glutamic acid, on cyclic nucleotide accumulation in slices of rat cerebellum
51 Citations1976Michael Schmidt, J.J. Ryan +1 more
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of PhysiologyEffects of glutamate, aspartate, and two presumed antagonists on feline rubrospinal neurones
47 Citations1976H. Altmann, G. ten Bruggencate +2 more
The actions of dicarboxyl amino acids (GLUT, ASP, DLH), and of presumed amino acid antagonists (GDEE, HA 966) were studied in rubrospinal neurones with microelectrophoretic techniques to demonstrate a role as transmitter substances in excitatory pathways.
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