A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyPublished 6 October 2010Open access
Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman, Rommert Dekker, Jan van den Berg
Citations869
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
It is concluded that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a data set than maps constructing using well-known multidimensional scaling approaches.
Abstract
Abstract VOS is a new mapping technique that can serve as an alternative to the well‐known technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS). We present an extensive comparison between the use of MDS and the use of VOS for constructing bibliometric maps. In our theoretical analysis, we show the mathematical relation between the two techniques. In our empirical analysis, we use the techniques for constructing maps of authors, journals, and keywords. Two commonly used approaches to bibliometric mapping, both based on MDS, turn out to produce maps that suffer from artifacts. Maps constructed using VOS turn out not to have this problem. We conclude that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a dataset than maps constructed using well‐known MDS approaches.
Keywords
Computer SciencePhysics and Astronomy
ScientometricsSoftware survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping
19,836 Citations2009Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman
VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.
Neural ComputationLaplacian Eigenmaps for Dimensionality Reduction and Data Representation
7,709 Citations2003Mikhail Belkin, Partha Niyogi
This work proposes a geometrically motivated algorithm for representing the high-dimensional data that provides a computationally efficient approach to nonlinear dimensionality reduction that has locality-preserving properties and a natural connection to clustering.
Software Practice and ExperienceGraph drawing by force‐directed placement
6,359 Citations1991Thomas M. J. Fruchterman, Edward M. Reingold
A modification of the spring‐embedder model of Eades for drawing undirected graphs with straight edges is presented, developed in analogy to forces in natural systems, for a simple, elegant, conceptually‐intuitive, and efficient algorithm.
ScienceOn the Theory of Scales of Measurement
4,682 Citations1946S. S. Stevens
The current issues will remain at 32 pages until a more adequate supply of paper is assured, due to a shortage of paper for Bacto-Agar research.
IEEE Transactions on ComputersA Nonlinear Mapping for Data Structure Analysis
3,381 Citations1969John W. Sammon
An algorithm for the analysis of multivariate data is presented along with some experimental results that is based upon a point mapping of N L-dimensional vectors from the L-space to a lower-dimensional space such that the inherent data "structure" is approximately preserved.
Information Processing LettersAn algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs
2,771 Citations1989Tomihisa Kamada, Satoru Kawai
RePEc: Research Papers in EconomicsThe structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple-perspective cocitation analysis
1,646 CitationsChaomei Chen, Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan +1 more
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyThe structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple‐perspective cocitation analysis
1,531 Citations2010Chaomei Chen, Fidelia Ibekwe‐SanJuan +1 more
Results show that the multiple- perspective method increases the interpretability and accountability of both ACA and DCA networks.
Journal of the American Society for Information ScienceVisualizing a discipline: An author co‐citation analysis of information science, 1972–1995
1,273 Citations1998Howard D. White, Katherine W. McCain
This study presents an extensive domain analysis of a discipline—information science—in terms of its authors, revealing the disciplinary and institutional affiliations of contributors to information science, and evidence on the general nature and state of integration of information science.
Journal of the American Society for Information ScienceAuthor cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure
1,221 Citations1981Howard D. White, Belver C. Griffith
Cocitation analysis of authors offers a new technique that might contribute to the understanding of intellectual structure in the sciences and possibly in other areas to the extent that those areas rely on serial publications.
ScientometricsMapping the backbone of science
952 Citations2005Kevin W. Boyack, Richard Klavans +1 more
A new map representing the structure of all of science, based on journal articles, is presented, including both the natural and social sciences, including biochemistry, which appears as the most interdisciplinary discipline in science.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyRequirements for a cocitation similarity measure, with special reference to Pearson's correlation coefficient
807 Citations2003Per Ahlgren, Bo Jarneving +1 more
It is concluded that Pearson's r is probably not an optimal choice of a similarity measure in ACA and further empirical research is needed to show if, and in that case to what extent, the use of similarity measures in ACA that fulfill these requirements would lead to objectively better results In full-scale studies.
Ablex Publishing Corp. eBooksPathfinder associative networks: studies in knowledge organization
768 Citations1990Roger W. Schvaneveldt
This volume is a presentation of the theory and application of Pathfinder networks, derived from proximity data, and they have various applications in cognitive modelling, user-computer interface design, and knowledge engineering.
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)VOS: A New Method for Visualizing Similarities between Objects
553 Citations2006Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman
Journal of the American Society for Information ScienceVisualizing a discipline: An author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972–1995
482 Citations1998Howard D. White, Katherine W. McCain
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)Bibliometric Mapping of the Computational Intelligence Field
372 Citations2007Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman
Journal of the American Society for Information ScienceThe intellectual base and research fronts ofJASIS 1986-1990
307 Citations1994Olle Persson
Citation‐based bibliographic coupling was applied to the same set of documents in order to define research fronts, i.e., clusters of articles using similar parts of the intellectual base, and it was shown that the research front map has a close correspondence with the man of the intellectual base.
ScientometricsClustering thescience citation index ® using co-citations
294 Citations1985Hamish Small, E. Sweeney
It is found that fractional citation counting helps reduce the bias toward high referencing fields such as biomedicine and biochemistry inherent in the use of an integer citation count threshold, and increases the range of subject matters covered by clusters.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyPathfinder networks and author cocitation analysis: A remapping of paradigmatic information scientists
283 Citations2003Howard D. White
ScientometricsCo-word maps of biotechnology: An example of cognitive scientometrics
273 Citations1984Arie Rip, J Courtial
Cognitive scientometrics is illustrated by using as data a ten-year period of articles from a biotechnology core journal, and maps of the field are given, showing connections between areas and their change over time, and with respect to the institutions in which research is performed.
Science StudiesThe Structure of Scientific Literatures II: Toward a Macro- and Microstructure for Science
264 Citations1974Belver C. Griffith, Henry Small +2 more
The outcome of an attempt to create 'maps' of the scientific literature, using a new technique-co-citation-to measure the degree of similarity among documents to create an overview of all highly-cited papers in natural science.
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)Automatic Term Identification for Bibliometric Mapping
260 Citations2008Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman +2 more
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyEvolution of research activities and intellectual influences in information science 1996–2005: Introducing author bibliographic‐coupling analysis
251 Citations2008Dangzhi Zhao, Andreas Strotmann
ScientometricsShadows of the Past in International Cooperation: Collaboration Profiles of the Top Five Producers of Science
231 Citations2000Michel Zitt, Elise Bassecoulard +1 more
A lack of specific affinities among the three largest European countries is revealed, and this contrasts with the strong linkage demonstrated between United States and Japan.
Journal of Information ScienceThe geography of science: disciplinary and national mappings
226 Citations1985Henry Small, Eugene Garfield
Research PolicyCo-word-based science maps of chemical engineering. Part I: Representations by direct multidimensional scaling
210 Citations1993Harry P. F. Peters, Anthony F. J. van Raan
A new approach to co-word analysis is discussed in order to solve or to circumvent some of the problems mentioned in the earlier literature and to assess bibliometric methods and techniques not only for basic research fields, but also for the more applied and engineering fields.
ScientometricsClustering the science citation index using co-citations. II. Mapping science
198 Citations1985Hamish Small, E. Sweeney +1 more
The map shows a tightly integrated network of approximate disciplinary regions, unique in that for the first time links between mathematics and biomedical science have brought about a closure of the previously linear arrangement of disciplines.
Visualization of Literatures
155 Citations1997Howard D. White, Katherine W. McCain
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyChanges in the LIS research front: Time‐sliced cocitation analyses of LIS journal articles, 1990–2004
132 Citations2007Fredrik Åström
Journal of Intelligent Information SystemsKnowledge Mining With VxInsight: Discovery Through Interaction
126 Citations1998George S. Davidson, Bruce Hendrickson +3 more
A set of properties that such a presentation should have is discussed, and the design and functionality of VxInsight, a visualization tool built to these principles are described.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyInformation science during the first decade of the web: An enriched author cocitation analysis
95 Citations2008Dangzhi Zhao, Andreas Strotmann
ScientometricsQuantitative evaluation of large maps of science
94 Citations2006Richard Klavans, Kevin W. Boyack
Analysis of recent improvements in mapping the world-wide scientific literature suggests that accuracy can be increased by using a modified cosine measure of relatedness and disciplinary bias can be significantly reduced.
Computers & Mathematics with ApplicationsGraph theoretic foundations of pathfinder networks
90 Citations1988Roger W. Schvaneveldt, Donald W. Dearholt +1 more
Research PolicyCo-word-based science maps of chemical engineering. Part II: Representations by combined clustering and multidimensional scaling
77 Citations1993Harry P. F. Peters, Anthony F. J. van Raan
An improvement of co-word analysis based on a combination of a clustering technique applied to the word co-occurrence data matrix and multidimensional scaling of the resulting word-clusters is discussed.
IEEE Computational Intelligence MagazineVisualizing the Computational Intelligence Field
74 Citations2006Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman +2 more
Journal of InformetricsComparing all-author and first-author co-citation analyses of information science
65 Citations2008Dangzhi Zhao, Andreas Strotmann
Strict all-author-based ACA is applied to the Information Science field, in that all authors of all cited references in a classic IS dataset are counted, and in that even the diagonal values of the co-citation matrix are computed in their theoretically optimal form.
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
65 Citations2007Nees Jan van Eck, Ludo Waltman
ScientometricsOn the map: Nature and Science editorials
54 Citations2010Cathelijn J. F. Waaijer, Cornelis Abraham van Bochove +1 more
The VOSviewer mapping software is used to chart the topics of editorials in Nature and Science, reflecting the views of the two most read scientific journals on science, technology and policy issues, and provides reliable information on the distribution of the editorials over topics, and on differences between the journals.
PsychometrikaGraphical representations and Odds Ratios in a Distance-Association Model for the Analysis of Cross-Classified Data
53 Citations2005Mark de Rooij, Willem J. Heiser
ScientometricsMapping co-word structures: A comparison of multidimensional scaling and leximappe
50 Citations1989Robert Tijssen, Anthony F. J. van Raan
Utilization of MDS is proposed as an alternative mapping method able to circumvent problematic features of LEXIMAPPE maps of the total co-word structure to demonstrate topological advantages of an extended MDS-mapping.
The Annals of StatisticsInequalities and Positive-Definite Functions Arising from a Problem in Multidimensional Scaling
45 Citations1994Andreas Buja, B. F. Logan +2 more
Family RelationsChildren's Understanding of AIDS: A Developmental Viewpoint
40 Citations1990Jay D. Schvaneveldt, Shelley L. Knudsen Lindauer +1 more
The findings suggest that children's knowledge ofAIDS is associated with general perceptions children have regarding illness, and that accurate knowledge of AIDS is directly related to age.
Information Processing & ManagementField independent probabilistic model for clustering multi-field documents
37 Citations2009Shanfeng Zhu, Ichigaku Takigawa +2 more
Results indicate that FICM outperformed widely-used probabilistic models for document clustering by considering the characteristics of each field, and showed that the component model, which is consistent with the nature of the corresponding field, achieved a better performance and considering the diversity of model setting also gave a further performance improvement.
ScientometricsA comparative study of first and all-author co-citation counting, and two different matrix generation approaches applied for author co-citation analyses
36 Citations2009Jesper Wiborg Schneider, Birger Larsen +1 more
It is confirmed that inclusive all-ACA produce more coherent groupings of authors, whereas the present study cannot clearly confirm previous findings that first-ACA identifies more specialties, though some vague indication is given.
NatureJournal Editorials give indication of driving science issues
20 Citations2010Cathelijn J. F. Waaijer, Cornelis Abraham van Bochove +1 more
Most undergraduate science courses can be designed and delivered so that subject-based theories are taught alongside research results arising from their interdisciplinary applications, and courses aimed at developing key research skills would be all the more useful if they embraced interdisciplinary research content.
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)Some comments on the question whether co-occurrence data should be normalized
17 Citations2007Waltman, LR (Ludo), van Eck, NJP (Nees Jan)
Lecture notes in computer scienceKnowledge Maps of Knowledge Management Tools — Information Visualization with BibTechMon
17 Citations2002Margit Noll, Doris Fröhlich +1 more
The Department of Technology Management of the ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH has developed the software tool BibTechMon for structuring, visualising and analysing large amounts of information, which allows the mapping of information to support internal communication, information retrieval and strategic decision support.
ScientometricsDifferentiating, describing, and visualizing scientific space: A novel approach to the analysis of published scientific abstracts
10 Citations2009Eli M. Blatt
This paper will develop and demonstrate a novel method for analyzing scientific indexes called Latent Semantic Differentiation, able to identify the dominant themes, cluster the articles accordingly, visualize the results, and provide a qualitative description of each cluster.
Lecture notes in computer scienceA New MDS Algorithm for Textual Data Analysis
9 Citations2004Manuel Martín-Merino, Alberto Muñoz
MDS algorithms are data analysis techniques that have been successfully applied to generate a visual representation of multivariate object relationships considering only a similarity matrix, but in high dimensional spaces the concept of proximity become meaningless due to the data sparsity and the maps generated by common MDS algorithms fail often to reflect the object proximities.