Randomized Controlled Trials of Individual‐Level, Population‐Level, and Multilevel Interventions for Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections: What Has Worked?
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesPublished 12 January 2005
Lisa E. Manhart, King K. Holmes
Citations113
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.04
SNIP1.23
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Although many interventions have been found to be effective against STIs, few have been replicated, widely implemented, or carefully evaluated for effectiveness in other settings.
Abstract
Although many interventions have been found to be effective against STIs, few have been replicated, widely implemented, or carefully evaluated for effectiveness in other settings.
Keywords
Immunology and MicrobiologyMedicineHealth Professions
Annals of Internal MedicineGuidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
5,233 Citations1998
New England Journal of MedicineViral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
3,064 Citations2000Thomas C. Quinn, Maria J. Wawer +7 more
The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.
Current Opinion in PediatricsSexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines
2,077 Citations2003Gale R. Burstein, Kimberly Workowski
The new STD treatment guidelines for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital warts, herpes simplex virus infection, syphilis, and scabies are reviewed.
American Journal of Preventive MedicineCurrent methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
1,734 Citations2001Russell Harris, Mark Helfand +5 more
This paper summarizes the current methods of the third USPSTF, supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and two of the AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs), and examines a variety of methodologic issues and document work group progress in future communications.
New England Journal of MedicineA Controlled Trial of a Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Vaccine
1,603 Citations2002Laura A. Koutsky, Kevin A. Ault +6 more
Administration of this HPV- 16 vaccine reduced the incidence of both HPV-16 infection and HPV-15-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and immunizing HPV-14-negative women may eventually reduce the probability of cervical cancer.
The LancetBias and causal associations in observational research
1,455 Citations2002David A. Grimes, Kenneth F. Schulz
Readers of medical literature need to consider two types of validity, internal and external: external validity is the ability to generalise from the study to the reader's patients, and internal validity means that the study measured what it set out to.
The LancetImpact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomised controlled trial
1,407 Citations1995Heiner Grosskurth, J. Todd +19 more
It is concluded that improved STD treatment reduced HIV incidence by about 40% in this rural population of Tanzania, the first randomised trial to demonstrate an impact of a preventive intervention on HIV incidence in a general population.
PsycEXTRA DatasetUpdated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis
1,305 Citations2005Adelisa L. Panlilio, Denise M. Cardo +3 more
Clinicians should consider occupational exposures as urgent medical concerns and adhere to HIV PEP when it is indicated for an exposure, expert consultation in management of exposures, follow-up of exposed workers to improve adherence to PEP, and monitoring for adverse events, including seroconversion.
BMJParachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
1,150 Citations2003Gordon C. S. Smith, Jill P Pell
It is thought that everyone might benefit if the most radical protagonists of evidence based medicine organised and participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover trial of the parachute.
New England Journal of MedicineHepatitis B Vaccine
1,117 Citations1980W. Szmuness, Cladd E. Stevens +7 more
The vaccine was found to be safe and the incidence of side effects was low, and a significant reduction of incidence was already seen within 75 days after randomization, suggesting that the vaccine may be efficacious even when given after exposure.
PsycEXTRA DatasetVaccinia (Smallpox) Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001
1,021 Citations2001Lisa D. Rotz, D A Dotson +2 more
JAMAEfficacy of Risk-Reduction Counseling to Prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
972 Citations1998Mary L. Kamb, Martin Fishbein +14 more
Short counseling interventions using personalized risk reduction plans can increase condom use and prevent new STDs, and can be conducted even in busy public clinics.
The LancetBlinding in randomised trials: hiding who got what
939 Citations2002Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes
The LancetAllocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering
904 Citations2002Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes
Investigators must effectively immunise trials against selection and confounding biases with proper allocation concealment, andHypothesis tests of baseline characteristics, however, are superfluous and could be harmful if they lead investigators to suppress reporting any baseline imbalances.
New England Journal of MedicinePrevention of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease by Screening for Cervical Chlamydial Infection
846 Citations1996Delia Scholes, Andy Stergachis +4 more
The LancetEffectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial
795 Citations2002Lut Van Damme, Gita Ramjee +12 more
This study did not show a protective effect of COL-1492 on HIV-1 transmission in high-risk women, and this drug can no longer be deemed a potential HIV- 1-prevention method.
The LancetControl of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial
791 Citations1999Maria J. Wawer, Nelson K. Sewankambo +13 more
In the Rakai population, a substantial proportion of HIV-1 acquisition appears to occur independently of treatable STD cofactors, and in pregnant women, the follow-up prevalences of trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia infection were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group.
New England Journal of MedicineGlycoprotein-D–Adjuvant Vaccine to Prevent Genital Herpes
791 Citations2002Lawrence R. Stanberry, Spotswood L. Spruance +10 more
Two double-blind, randomized trials of a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein-D-subunit vaccine with alum and 3-O-deacylated-monophosphoryl lipid A in subjects whose regular sexual partners had a history of genital herpes suggest that the glycop Protein D vaccine has efficacy against genital herpes in women who are seronegative for both HSV-1 and HSV -2 at base line but not in those
The LancetFEMALE TO MALE TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1: RISK FACTORS FOR SEROCONVERSION IN MEN
753 Citations1989D. William Cameron, LourdesJ D'Costa +9 more
Data indicate an extremely high rate of female to male transmission of HIV-1 in the presence of STD and confirm a causal relation between lack of male circumcision, genital ulcer disease, and susceptibility to HIV- 1 infection.
The LancetGeneration of allocation sequences in randomised trials: chance, not choice
737 Citations2002Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes
New England Journal of MedicineOnce-Daily Valacyclovir to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Genital Herpes
727 Citations2003Lawrence Corey, Anna Wald +14 more
AIDSMale circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
680 Citations2000Helen A. Weiss, Maria Quigley +1 more
The results suggest that consideration should be given to the acceptability and feasibility of providing safe services for male circumcision as an additional HIV prevention strategy in areas of Africa where men are not traditionally circumcised.
The LancetSample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward
640 Citations2002Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes
Investigators should commit adequate resources to develop and implement procedures to maximise retention of participants and provide clear, explicit information on the progress of all randomised participants through the trial by use of, for instance, a trial profile.
American Journal of Preventive MedicineDeveloping an evidence-based guide to community preventive services—methods11Some of this material has been previously published in: Shefer A, Briss P, Rodewald L, et al. Improving immunization coverage rates: An evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiologic Reviews 1999;20:96–142.22The names and affiliations of the Task Force members are listed on page v of this supplement and at http://www.thecommunityguide.org
569 Citations2000Peter A. Briss, Stephanie Zaza +14 more
Using an evidence-based approach to identify and recommend effective interventions directed at specific public health goals may reduce errors in how information is collected and interpreted, identify important gaps in current knowledge thus guiding further research, and enhance the Guide users' ability to assess whether recommendations are valid and prudent from their own perspectives.
The LancetEfficacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in individuals and couples in Kenya, Tanzania, and Trinidad: a randomised trial
569 Citations2000
Data support the efficacy of HIV-1 VCT in promoting behaviour change in individuals and sex-partner couples in Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, and Port of Spain.
Annals of Internal MedicineGuidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Infected Persons—2002: Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America*
565 Citations2002Prepared by Henry Masur, Jonathan E. Kaplan +1 more
This fourth edition of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsMale circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men
496 Citations2009Nandi Siegfried, Martie Muller +2 more
This review evaluates the results of three randomised controlled trials, which analysed the effectiveness and safety of male circumcision for preventing acquisition of HIV in heterosexual men, and formulated a comprehensive and exhaustive search strategy to identify all relevant studies.
JAMARecombinant Glycoprotein Vaccine for the Prevention of Genital HSV-2 Infection
488 Citations1999Lawrence Corey, Andria Langenberg +16 more
Efficient and sustained protection from sexual acquisition of HSV-2 infection will require more than high titers of specific neutralizing antibodies, and protection against sexually transmitted viruses involving exposure over a prolonged period will require a higher degree of vaccine efficacy than that achieved in this study.
BMJInterventions to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
486 Citations2002Alba DiCenso, Gordon Guyatt +2 more
Primary prevention strategies evaluated to date do not delay the initiation of sexual intercourse, improve use of birth control among young men and women, or reduce the number of pregnancies in young women.
HepatologyA controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine (heptavax B): A final report
464 Citations1981W. Szmuness, Cladd E. Stevens +3 more
It is confirmed that a highly purified, formalin‐inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B prepared from HBsAg positive plasma, is safe immunogenic, and highly efficacious, and over 95% of vaccinated subjects developed antibody against the surface antigen.
Annals of Internal MedicineThe Prevention of Hepatitis B with Vaccine
444 Citations1982Donald P. Francis, STEPHEN C. HADLER +22 more
This vaccine appears to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in preventing infection with hepatitis B virus.
Clinical Infectious DiseasesUSPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Disease-Specific Recommendations*
412 Citations1995USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group
JAMAEfficacy of Nonoxynol 9 Contraceptive Sponge Use in Preventing Heterosexual Acquisition of HIV in Nairobi Prostitutes
392 Citations1992Joan K. Kreiss
It was unable to demonstrate that nonoxynol 9 sponge use was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection among highly exposed women.
AIDSStructural interventions in public health
390 Citations2000Kim M. Blankenship, Sarah J. Bray +1 more
This framework suggests nine kinds of structural interventions, and it is possible to identify examples of each kind of intervention across a range of public health issues.
New England Journal of MedicineA Controlled Trial of Nonoxynol 9 Film to Reduce Male-to-Female Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
368 Citations1998Ronald E. Roddy, Léopold Zekeng +4 more
Journal of Adolescent HealthBehavioral interventions to reduce incidence of HIV, STD, and pregnancy among adolescents: a decade in review
321 Citations2003Leah Robin, Patricia Dittus +6 more
Analysis of adolescent sexual risk-reduction programs that were evaluated using quasi-experimental or experimental methods and published in the 1990s suggest four overall factors that may impact program effectiveness including the extent to which programs focus on specific skills for reducing sexual risk behaviors.
The LancetSyndromic management of sexually-transmitted infections and behaviour change interventions on transmission of HIV-1 in rural Uganda: a community randomised trial
320 Citations2003Anatoli Kamali, Maria Quigley +8 more
The interventions used were insufficient to reduce HIV-1 incidence in rural Uganda, where secular changes are occurring and more effective STI and behavioural interventions need to be developed for HIV control in mature epidemics.
The LancetControl of sexually transmitted diseases for HIV-1 prevention: understanding the implications of the Mwanza and Rakai trials
314 Citations2000Heiner Grosskurth, Ronald Gray +3 more
Two randomised controlled trials of sexually transmitted disease treatment for the prevention of HIV-1 Infection, in Mwanza, Tanzania, and Rakai, Uganda, unexpectedly produced contrasting results.
The LancetEffects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study
307 Citations2004Beryl A. Koblin
The overall estimate of a difference of 18.2%, more favourable estimates of effect in the first 12-18 months, and similar effects on risk behaviours suggest that prevention of HIV infection among men who have sex with men by a behavioural intervention is feasible.
New England Journal of MedicineA Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Behavioral Intervention to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Disease among Minority Women
302 Citations1999Rochelle N. Shain, Jeanna Piper +5 more
A risk-reduction intervention consisting of three small-group sessions significantly decreased the rates of chlamydial and gonorrheal infection among Mexican-American and African-American women at high risk for sexually transmitted disease.
PsycEXTRA DatasetGuidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Persons--2002: Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America
294 Citations2002Jonathan E. Kaplan, Henry Masur +1 more
ScienceThe NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial: Reducing HIV Sexual Risk Behavior
287 Citations1998NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
JAMAMonthly Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxis and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV-1 Infection in Kenyan Sex Workers
257 Citations2004Rupert Kaul, Joshua Kimani +11 more
The addition of monthly azithromycin prophylaxis to established HIV-1 risk reduction strategies substantially reduced the incidence of STIs but did not reduce the incidence in the treatment group of infection with N gonorrhoeae or C trachomatis.
The LancetUnequal group sizes in randomised trials: guarding against guessing
249 Citations2002Kenneth F. Schulz, David A. Grimes
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesPatient-Delivered Partner Treatment With Azithromycin to Prevent Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Women
248 Citations2003Julia A. Schillinger, Patricia Kissinger +12 more
American Journal of Public HealthThe Efficacy of a Relationship-Based HIV/STD Prevention Program for Heterosexual Couples
245 Citations2003Nabila El‐Bassel, Susan S. Witte +5 more
The intervention was effective in reducing theportion of unprotected and increasing the proportion of protected sexual acts and demonstrates the efficacy of a relationship-based prevention program for couples at risk for HIV infection.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineEffects of the Seattle Social Development Project on Sexual Behavior, Pregnancy, Birth, and Sexually Transmitted Disease Outcomes by Age 21 Years
223 Citations2002Heather S. Lonczak, Robert D. Abbott +3 more
A theory-based social development program that promotes academic success, social competence, and bonding to school during the elementary grades can prevent risky sexual practices and adverse health consequences in early adulthood.
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesA Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Women Living With HIV
218 Citations2004Gina M. Wingood, Ralph J. DiClemente +7 more
This is the first trial to demonstrate reductions in risky sexual behavior and incident bacterial STDs and to enhance HIV-preventive psychosocial and structural factors among women living with HIV.
International Journal of CancerCondom use promotes regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and clearance of human papillomavirus: A randomized clinical trial
202 Citations2003Cornelis J.A. Hogewoning, Maaike C.G. Bleeker +6 more
Although lower regression rates were found if women were HPV‐positive and had ≥CIN2 lesions at baseline, effects of condom use were found both in women with CIN1 and in women in the noncondom group, promoting regression of CIN lesions and clearance of HPV.
AIDSBehavioural interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention
196 Citations1995Ann Oakley, Deirdre Fullerton +1 more
Evaluation design in the HIV prevention and sexual health fields needs to be improved and more use of randomized controlled trials and the raising of publication standards by journals is recommended.
AIDSDecreasing incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in young Thai men
188 Citations1998David D. Celentano, Kenrad E. Nelson +6 more
A dramatic decrease in the incidence rates of STD, including HIV infection, has occurred among young men in military service in northern Thailand, demonstrating that the Thai AIDS prevention and control program might be implemented by other countries experiencing major epidemics of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyRandomized trial of presumptive sexually transmitted disease therapy during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda
169 Citations2001Ronald H. Gray, Fred Wabwire‐Mangen +10 more
Reductions of maternal sexually transmitted disease improved pregnancy outcome but not maternal HIV acquisition or perinatal HIV transmission.
AIDSProtection against sexually transmitted diseases by granting sex workers in Thailand the choice of using the male or female condom
167 Citations1998Arnaud Fontanet, Joseph Saba +10 more
The replacement of male condoms by female condoms in a proportion of sexual acts in the male/female condom group suggests that some sex workers and/or their clients preferred using the female condom.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesDeterminants of the Impact of Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment on Prevention of HIV Infection: A Synthesis of Evidence from the Mwanza, Rakai, and Masaka Intervention Trials
164 Citations2005Eline L. Korenromp, Richard G. White +8 more
Lower-risk behavior and the mature HIV epidemic explain the limited impact of STI treatment on HIV incidence in Uganda in the 1990s, and in populations with high-risk sexual behavior and high STI rates, STIs treatment interventions may contribute substantially to prevention of HIV infection.
Evaluation & the Health ProfessionsUsing Intervention Theory to Model Factors Influencing Behavior Change
159 Citations2001Martin Fishbein, Michael Hennessy +7 more
The correlations between intentions and behavior exceeded .70 for both genders, justifying the emphasis on intentions, and Project RESPECT was effective through changing attitudes and self-efficacy for females in both counseling interventions.
AIDSStructural interventions to reduce HIV transmission among injecting drug users
153 Citations2000Don C. Des Jarlais
Increasing the availability of sterile injection equipment through pharmacy sales or syringe exchange or both is the most common and best-studied structural intervention for injecting drug users and usually but not always leads to large reductions in HIV-risk behavior.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsPopulation-based interventions for reducing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection
150 Citations2004Prerana Sangani, George W. Rutherford +1 more
To determine the impact of population-based STI interventions on the frequency of HIV infection, frequency of STIs and quality of STI management, four trials were included.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesReductions in STD Infections Subsequent to an STD Clinic Visit
149 Citations1998Carl R. O’Donnell, Lydia O’Donnell +3 more
Results of this randomized clinical trial indicate that using video‐based patient education to supplement regular STD clinic services and provider interactions can be effective in reducing rates of new STD infection, particularly among those at greatest risk.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesDoes Measured Behavior Reflect STD Risk?
147 Citations2000Thomas A. Peterman, Lillian S. Lin +7 more
It is found people tend to have safe sex with risky partners and risky sex with safe partners, and it is difficult to extrapolate the disease prevention efficacy of an intervention from a measured effect on behavior alone.
American Journal of EpidemiologyCondom Effectiveness for Reducing Transmission of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: The Importance of Assessing Partner Infection Status
144 Citations2004Lee Warner
Examining the importance of differential exposure to infected partners in epidemiologic studies of latex condom effectiveness for prevention of sexually transmitted infections found that restricting analyses to participants with known exposure toinfected partners provides a feasible and efficient mechanism for reducing confounding.
JAMAEffect of a Clinical Practice Improvement Intervention on Chlamydial Screening Among Adolescent Girls
143 Citations2002Mary–Ann Shafer
Implementation of this clinical practice improvement intervention in a large health maintenance organization system is feasible, and it significantly increased the C trachomatis screening rates for sexually active adolescent girls during routine checkups.
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesHIV Prevention Research for Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
143 Citations2002Wayne D. Johnson, Larry V. Hedges +6 more
These studies demonstrate that interventions can promote risk reduction among men who have sex with men, and given the epidemiology of HIV in the United States, the small number of rigorous controlled intervention trials for this population is striking.
New England Journal of MedicineA Trial of Minocycline Given after Exposure to Prevent Gonorrhea
139 Citations1979William O. Harrison, Richard R. Hooper +6 more
Minocycline prophylaxis would probably have limited effectiveness as a public-health measure because of the tendency to select resistant gonococci and increase the proportion of asymptomatic infections.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesA Clinical Trial of Nonoxynol-9 for Preventing Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections
137 Citations1988William C. Louv, Harland Austin +3 more
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9 as prophylaxis for cervical infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AIDSEffect of interventions to control sexually transmitted disease on the incidence of HIV infection in female sex workers
129 Citations2001Peter D. Ghys, Mamadou O. Diallo +9 more
National AIDS control programs should consider adopting as policy the type of integrated approach used in this intervention study for HIV prevention in female sex workers.
AIDSImproved treatment services significantly reduce the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in rural Tanzania
121 Citations1997Philippe Mayaud, Frank Mosha +11 more
The reduction in HIV incidence previously reported in this intervention study can be attributed to a reduction in the duration, and hence the prevalence of symptomatic STD.
The Journal of PediatricsBehavioral intervention to increase condom use among high-risk female adolescents
121 Citations1996Donald P. Orr, Carl D. Langefeld +2 more
Although a brief behavioral intervention among high-risk female adolescents can increase condom use by their sexual partners, incident infection does not appear to be reduced, because condom use remained inconsistent.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesPopulation‐Based Strategies for Outreach Screening of Urogenital<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infections: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
115 Citations2002Berit Andersen, Frede Olesen +2 more
Two screening strategies that used in-home sampling for Chlamydia trachomatis infection were highly effective, but men benefited the most from having the home sampling kit provided directly.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineRandomized Controlled Trial of a Safer Sex Intervention for High-Risk Adolescent Girls
112 Citations2001Lydia A. Shrier, Rosedelia Ancheta +4 more
PubMedSexual transmission of the hepatitis C virus and efficacy of prophylaxis with intramuscular immune serum globulin. A randomized controlled trial.
112 Citations1997M Piazza, Luciano Sagliocca +10 more
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesReview and Meta-analysis of HIV Prevention Intervention Research for Heterosexual Adult Populations in the United States
111 Citations2002Mary Spink Neumann, Wayne D. Johnson +5 more
It is indicated that science‐based prevention interventions have positive effects among populations at risk through heterosexual transmission and that these positive effects are found with biologic and self‐reported behavioral measures.
The Lancet Infectious DiseasesNonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including more than 5000 women
109 Citations2002David Wilkinson, Maya Tholandi +2 more
No statistically significant reduction in risk of HIV and STIs is found, and the confidence intervals indicate that any protection that may exist is likely to be very small, and N-9 cannot be recommended for HIV andSTI prevention.
JAMAEffect of the Contraceptive Sponge on Chlamydial Infection, Gonorrhea, and Candidiasis
106 Citations1987M. J. Rosenberg
The results suggest that women using the sponge are protected against the two most common sexually transmitted pathogens, which are also those with the most serious health consequences, however, women use the sponge should be advised they may have an increased likelihood of a vaginal infection with Candida.
Behavior ModificationHIV Sexual Risk-Reduction Interventions for Youth: A Review and Methodological Critique of Randomized Controlled Trials
105 Citations2003C. Teal Pedlow, Michael P. Carey
The authors review and provide a methodological critique of randomized controlled studies of HIV risk reduction interventions that measured sexual risk behavior outcomes with adolescents and recommendations for designing methodologically rigorous interventions are provided.
JAMAEffect of Nonoxynol-9 Gel on Urogenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydial Infection
104 Citations2002Ronald E. Roddy, Léopold Zekeng +3 more
Nonoxynol-9 gel did not protect against urogenital gonococcal or chlamydial infection and a positive test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was recorded.
JAMAEfficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes
104 Citations1992J. Kreiss
AIDSSexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV risk in heterosexual adults attending a public STD clinic
103 Citations1997Cherrie B. Boyer, Donald C. Barrett +2 more
The results suggest that a cognitive/behavioral, skills-building intervention consisting of individual, multiple sessions and follow-up assessments can be implemented and evaluated with high-risk heterosexually active adults attending public STD clinics and did not have a significant impact on STD.
The LancetUse of nonoxynol-9 and reduction in rate of gonococcal and chlamydial cervical infections
101 Citations1992Somchai Niruthisard, Supawat Chutivongse +1 more
The use of a vaginal N-9 spermicide with condoms whenever possible seems to be a better strategy than the use of condoms only for prevention of gonococcal and chlamydial cervical infection.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesEvaluation of a Low-Dose Nonoxynol-9 Gel for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
91 Citations2001Barbra A. Richardson, Ludo Lavreys +7 more
A significantly higher incidence of gonorrhea was found in the nonoxynol-9 gel, but no significant differences were observed between the groups for Candida, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis, C trachomatis, syphilis, or HIV-1.
AIDSFemale condom introduction and sexually transmitted infection prevalence: results of a community intervention trial in Kenya
88 Citations2001Paul J. Feldblum, Maureen A. Kuyoh +5 more
Female condom introduction did not enhance STI prevention at these sites, and it is unclear which aspects of the intervention – STI education, condom promotion, case management – were associated with decreased STI prevalence from baseline to follow-up.
Archives of Internal MedicineEffectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Heterosexual Men
85 Citations2002A. Rani Elwy, Graham Hart +2 more
More high-quality research into the effectiveness of interventions targeting heterosexual men is needed, especially methodologically sound trials to evaluate effects on morbidity.
BMJA cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections among gay men: randomised trial
82 Citations2001John Imrie, Judith M Stephenson +7 more
This is the first randomised controlled trial of an intervention addressing sexual behaviour in homosexual men that uses sexually transmitted infections and self reported behaviour as end points and it did not reduce the risk of participants acquiring new infections.
BMJEfficacy of a heat inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in male homosexuals: outcome of a placebo controlled double blind trial.
78 Citations1983R A Coutinho, Nico Lelie +7 more
Even vaccinated subjects with a low antibody response (greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 mIU) were found to be protected from HBsAg-positive infections and the vaccine had no serious side effects.
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesA Profile of U.S.-Based Trials of Behavioral and Social Interventions for HIV Risk Reduction
78 Citations2002Salaam Semaan, Linda S. Kay +10 more
99 (experimental and certain quasi‐experimental) U.S.‐based trials, reported or published since 1988, of behavioral and social interventions that measured prespecified behavioral and biologic outcomes and aimed to reduce risk for HIV infection are described.
PubMedTraining pharmacy workers in recognition, management, and prevention of STDs: district-randomized controlled trial.
76 Citations2003Patricia García, James P. Hughes +2 more
Training was feasible and effectively improved pharmacy workers' practices in improving their recognition and management of sexually transmitted disease (STD) syndromes in Lima, Peru.
The LancetPromotion of condom use in a high-risk setting in Nicaragua: a randomised controlled trial
73 Citations2000Matthias Egger, Josefina Pauw +4 more
Making condoms available in rooms is the most effective strategy to increase condom use, whereas use of health-education material was ineffective, having important implications for HIV-prevention policies.
International Journal of STD & AIDSGenital ulcer disease among STD clinic attenders in Nairobi: association with HIV-1 and circumcision status
70 Citations1996J Nasio, Nico Nagelkerke +4 more
It is argued that the association between genital ulcers and HIV-1 infection may be more complex than ulcers simply being a risk factor for HIV- 1 infection, and that HIV-3 infection may either increase the risk of acquiring a genital ulcer, or HIV-2 infection and genital Ulcers may have some unknown risk factor in common.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesGroup Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial
69 Citations1998Bernard M. Branson, Thomas A. Peterman +3 more
Two 20‐minute counseling sessions were as effective as four 1‐hour group sessions for reducing risk behavior and STD incidence in an STD clinic patient population.
HIV Clinical Trials2001 USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus July 2001: DRAFT
68 Citations2001US Public Health Service (USPHS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group
Nature MedicineAccomplishments in HIV prevention science: implications for stemming the epidemic
67 Citations2003Ronald O. Valdiserri, Lydia L. Ogden +1 more
The past two decades have witnessed substantial advances in the science of preventing HIV infection, but arguably the biggest challenge is the full implementation of existing preventive interventions worldwide.
PubMedPreventive intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections: a field trial in the Royal Thai Army.
67 Citations2000David D. Celentano, Katherine C. Bond +8 more
Intensive interventions in structured institutions can successfully reduce risk in settings confronting expanding heterosexual HIV epidemics.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsInterventions to modify sexual risk behaviors for preventing HIV infection in men who have sex with men
65 Citations2002William D. Johnson, Larry V. Hedges +1 more
These studies demonstrate that interventions can promote risk reduction among MSM and demonstrate with confidence the effects of specific intervention components, population characteristics, and methodologic features.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesBehaviors Changed by Intervention Are Associated With Reduced STD Recurrence
65 Citations2002Rochelle N. Shain, Sondra T. Perdue +5 more
This intervention reduced infection rates by maintaining low- risk behaviors and changing high-risk behaviors and elucidated the complex relationship between behavior and infection by incorporating context into variable conceptualization and considering several behaviors simultaneously.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesCondoms for Men, Not Women
64 Citations1992Deborah Cohen, Clyde W. Dent +2 more
This study demonstrates that brief condom promotion programs can be effective for male STD patients, and that caution must be exercised in promoting condoms to women with a high risk of acquiring STDs.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesDo Spermicides Containing Nonoxynol-9 Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections?
62 Citations1998Robert L. Cook, M. J. Rosenberg
Nonoxynol‐9‐containing spermicides have an appreciable protective effect against both gonorrhea and chlamydial infection, and wider use of s permicides might substantially reduce the incidence of these diseases.
AIDSSyndrome packets and health worker training improve sexually transmitted disease case management in rural South Africa: randomized controlled trial
60 Citations2000Abigail Harrison, Salim S. Abdool Karim +5 more
A simple and affordable health service intervention achieved substantial improvements in STD case management in rural South Africa, and this is a critical component of STD control and can reduce HIV transmission.
PubMedGroup counseling at STD clinics to promote use of condoms.
59 Citations1993Deborah A. Cohen, David P. MacKinnon +3 more
The results show that group interventions directed to STD patients can be effective in reducing STD reinfection among men.
Sexually Transmitted DiseasesPartner Notification for Syphilis
57 Citations1997Thomas A. Peterman, Kathleen Toomey +4 more
Three approaches to partner notification for infectious syphilis identified many infected and potentially infected people and alternative approaches are needed to reach infected partners who could not be notified.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyEffects and generalizability of communally oriented HIV-AIDS prevention versus general health promotion groups for single, inner-city women in urban clinics.
53 Citations2002Stevan E. Hobfoll, Anita P. Jackson +3 more
The HIV prevention intervention resulted in significant positive effects on self-reported and behaviorally assessed safer-sex behavior and reduced point prevalences of medically tested sexually transmitted diseases at follow-up in some comparisons.
The LancetDo we know the effectiveness of behavioural interventions?
50 Citations1998Sevgi O. Aral, Thomas A. Peterman
…