N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Chemoselective Cross-Aza-Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Isatin-Derived Ketimines: Access to Chiral Quaternary Aminooxindoles
Organic LettersPublished 30 May 2014
Jianfeng Xu, Chengli Mou, Tingshun Zhu, Bao-An Song, Yonggui Robin
Citations105
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.24
SNIP1.03
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
A chemo- and enantioselective cross-aza-benzoin reaction between enals and isatin-derived ketimines is disclosed, enabling the high chemoselectivity of the acyl anion reaction over enal α- and β-carbon reactions.
Abstract
A chemo- and enantioselective cross-aza-benzoin reaction between enals and isatin-derived ketimines is disclosed. The high chemoselectivity (of the acyl anion reaction over enal α- and β-carbon reactions) is enabled by the electronic and steric properties of the N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalyst.
Keywords
Chemistry
Chemical ReviewsOrganocatalysis by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
3,014 Citations2007Dieter Enders, Oliver Niemeier +1 more
The inversion of the classical reactivity (Umpolung) opens up new synthetic pathways in biochemical processes as nucleophilic acylations and in nature, the coenzyme thiamine (vitamin B1), a natural thiazolium salt, utilizes a catalytic variant of this concept in biochemical process as nucleophile acylation.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionN‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organocatalysts
1,438 Citations2007Nicolas Marion, Silvia Díez‐González +1 more
This work highlights the ever-increasing number of reactions that can be promoted by N-heterocyclic carbenes and investigates the role of benzoin condensation in these reactions.
Chemical Society ReviewsOrganocatalytic umpolung: N-heterocyclic carbenes and beyond
1,354 Citations2012Xavier Bugaut, Frank Glorius
This tutorial review aims at offering a didactic overview of organocatalytic umpolung and should serve as an inspiration for further progress in this field.
Accounts of Chemical ResearchNucleophilic Carbenes in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
1,040 Citations2004Dieter Enders, Tim Balensiefer
After a long and difficult search, stable carbenes are finally isolated, characterized, and in the chemist's hands, and the experiments of decades have finally resulted in successful enantioselective benzoin condensations and enantiOSElective intramolecular Stetter reactions.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Domino Reactions
980 Citations2011André Grossmann, Dieter Enders
A critical consideration of domino, cascade, and tandem catalysis in the case of N-heterocyclic carbenes catalysts is presented and recent publications in this area are highlighted.
Chemical Society ReviewsAcyl anion free N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis
813 Citations2013Sarah J. Ryan, Lisa Candish +1 more
This tutorial review selected examples of acyl anion free NHC catalysis using carbonyl compounds are presented.
Accounts of Chemical ResearchExtending NHC-Catalysis: Coupling Aldehydes with Unconventional Reaction Partners
764 Citations2011Akkattu T. Biju, Nadine Kuhl +1 more
An efficient intermolecular Stetter reaction is developed for the formation of α-amino acid derivatives, with broad aldehyde scope and high enantiomeric excess, and tailor-made thiazolylidene catalysts allowed the unprecedented use of nonactivated olefins and alkynes as aldehydes coupling partners.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionOrganocatalyzed Conjugate Umpolung of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Synthesis of γ‐Butyrolactones
722 Citations2004Christian Burstein, Frank Glorius
Journal of the American Chemical Society<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Generation of Homoenolates: γ-Butyrolactones by Direct Annulations of Enals and Aldehydes
701 Citations2004Stephanie S. Sohn, E.L. Rosen +1 more
This process demonstrates an unprecedented reaction mode for the generation of nucleophilic carbanions with a multifunctional organocatalyst under exceptionally mild and convenient reaction conditions.
Chemical Society ReviewsRecent advances in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions involving homoenolates generated by NHC catalysis
642 Citations2008Vijay Nair, Sreekumar Vellalath +1 more
The versatility of NHC-bound homoenolate is illustrated by its annulation with various carbonyl compounds leading to gamma-butyrolactones, spiro-gamma- butyrolactsones, and delta-lactones.
Chemical Society ReviewsEmploying homoenolates generated by NHC catalysis in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions: state of the art
592 Citations2011Vijay Nair, Rajeev S. Menon +5 more
This tutorial review focuses on these and other types of homoenolate reactions reported recently, and in the process, updates the previous account published in 2008 in this journal.
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyHighly Enantioselective Azadiene Diels−Alder Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
579 Citations2006Ming He, Justin R. Struble +1 more
In contrast to uncatalyzed variants, this organocatalytic process proceeds at room temperature without stoichiometric reagents, producing synthetically valuable, enantiomerically pure cis-3,4-disubstituted dihydropyridinone products.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionA Continuum of Progress: Applications of N‐Hetereocyclic Carbene Catalysis in Total Synthesis
533 Citations2012Javier Izquierdo, Gerri E. Hutson +2 more
This Minireview highlights the excitement and emerging synthetic utility of carbene catalysis in total synthesis, including new benzoin, Stetter, homoenolate, and aroylation processes.
Chemical ScienceCooperative Lewis acid/N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis
463 Citations2011Daniel T. Cohen, Karl A. Scheidt
The incorporation of a Lewis acid into Brønsted base-catalyzed conjugate addition allowed for an increase in yields and enhancement of the reactivity, reversal of the diastereo- or regioselectivity, and activation of previously inactive electrophiles.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionExtending Mechanistic Routes in Heterazolium Catalysis–Promising Concepts for Versatile Synthetic Methods
394 Citations2005Kirsten Zeitler
Advanced Synthesis & CatalysisExploiting Acyl and Enol Azolium Intermediates <i>via</i> N‐Hetero‐ cyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Reactions of α‐Reducible Aldehydes
391 Citations2012Harit U. Vora, Philip Wheeler +1 more
A historical perspective on the underlying discoveries that led to the current state of the art, a mechanistic description of these reactions, and a summary of the recent advances in this area are provided.
Nature ChemistryCooperative catalysis by carbenes and Lewis acids in a highly stereoselective route to γ-lactams
387 Citations2010Dustin E. A. Raup, Benoit Cardinal‐David +2 more
A cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene/Lewis acid catalytic system promotes the addition of homoenolate equivalents to hydrazones, generating highly substituted γ-lactams in moderate to good yields and with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Journal of the American Chemical Society<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Reaction of Chalcones and Enals via Homoenolate: an Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4-Trisubstituted Cyclopentenes
345 Citations2006Vijay Nair, Sreekumar Vellalath +2 more
Nucleophilic heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cyclopentannulation of enals and chalcones via homoenolate has been observed for the first time and leads to a very efficient synthesis of 3,4-trans-disubstituted-1-arylcyclopentenes instead of the expected cyclopENTanones.
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyN-Heterocyclic Carbene and Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of <i>trans</i>-γ-Lactams
297 Citations2011Xiaodan Zhao, Daniel A. DiRocco +1 more
An efficient enantioselective approach to form trans-γ-lactams in up to 99% yield, 93% ee, and >20/1 dr using unactivated imines has been developed.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of Enals and <i>o</i>‐Quinone Methides: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzo‐ε‐Lactones
290 Citations2013Hui Lv, Wen‐Qiang Jia +2 more
ChemInformN‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Reaction of Chalcones and Enals via Homoenolate: An Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Cyclopentenes.
287 Citations2006Vijay Nair, Sreekumar Vellalath +2 more
PubMedDiscovering New Reactions with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis.
283 Citations2009Eric M. Phillips, Audrey Chan +1 more
The successful isolation of carbenes with less bulky substituents demonstrates that electronic factors may have greater impact on the stability of the carbene than steric ones.
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyEnantioselective Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted Cyclopentenes by an <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of 1,3-Diketones
254 Citations2007Manabu Wadamoto, Eric M. Phillips +2 more
SynthesisNHCs in Asymmetric Organocatalysis: Recent Advances in Azolium Enolate Generation and Reactivity
251 Citations2012Andrew D. Smith, James J. Douglas +1 more
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyCatalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Stetter Reaction of Enals with Nitroalkenes: Enhancement of Catalytic Efficiency through Bifunctional Additives
225 Citations2011Daniel A. DiRocco, Tomislav Rovis
The impact of catechol has been found to be general, facilitating far lower catalyst loadings than were previously achievable and affords good yields of the Stetter product.
PubMedAsymmetric <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Catalyzed Acyl Anion Reactivity.
205 Citations2011Harit U. Vora, Tomislav Rovis
The present review will discuss the advent and development of NHCs in the generation of acyl anion equivalents and their use in synthesis.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionHighly Asymmetric NHC‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Unactivated Alkenes
203 Citations2011Isabel Piel, Marc Steinmetz +4 more
Chemical ScienceThe effect of the N-mesityl group in NHC-catalyzed reactions
203 Citations2011Jessada Mahatthananchai, Jeffrey W. Bode
Organic LettersHighly Enantioselective Addition of Enals to Isatin-Derived Ketimines Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis of Spirocyclic γ-Lactams
195 Citations2012Hui Lv, Bhoopendra Tiwari +3 more
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation reaction of isatin N-Boc ketimines and enals is developed for the synthesis of spirocyclic oxindole-γ-lactams bearing one quaternary chiral center in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionN‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Organocatalysts with Moderate Nucleophilicity but Extraordinarily High Lewis Basicity
187 Citations2011Biplab Maji, Martin Breugst +1 more
Since the first isolation and characterization of stable Nheterocyclic carbenes by Arduengo and co-workers in 1991, these compounds have attracted great interest in various fields of chemistry and are of practical relevance as ligands in metal complexes and as nucleophilic organocatalysts.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsAG-041R, a Gastrin/CCK-B Antagonist, Stimulates Chondrocyte Proliferation and Metabolism in Vitro
181 Citations2001Mitsuo Ochi, Kenzo Kawasaki +3 more
It is suggested that adequate concentrations of AG-041R stimulate proliferation of chondrocytes in the matrix, without changing their differentiated characteristics, as a potentially effective reagent for the repair of articular cartilage defects.
Chemistry LettersDevelopment of Chiral Bicyclic Triazolium Salt Organic Catalysts: The Importance of the <i>N</i>-Aryl Substituent
180 Citations2007Tomislav Rovis
Angewandte Chemie International EditionEnantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Enals with Activated Ketimines
158 Citations2013Li‐Hui Sun, Zhiqin Liang +2 more
Chemistry LettersDual Activation in N-Heterocyclic Carbene-organocatalysis
155 Citations2011Keiichi Hirano, Isabel Piel +1 more
Chemical ScienceMechanistic insights into the triazolylidene-catalysed Stetter and benzoin reactions: role of the N-aryl substituent
147 Citations2013Christopher J. Collett, Richard S. Massey +4 more
Organic LettersEnantioselective Diels–Alder Reactions of Enals and Alkylidene Diketones Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
132 Citations2011Xinqiang Fang, Xingkuan Chen +1 more
An electron-withdrawing group was introduced to the α-position of chalcones, and the resulting alkylidene diketones showed new reactivities with enals under the catalysis of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs).
British Journal of PharmacologyVasotocin and vasopressin stimulation of the chloride secretion in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o‐
122 Citations2005Karen Bernard, Stéphanie Bogliolo +1 more
Results point to the stimulation of a V1‐like receptor mediating Ipeak and presenting an efficacy order, AVT>oxytocin>isotocin≫AVP, suggesting the involvement of V2 receptors in the AVP‐induced Iplateau.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionEnantioselective Stetter Reactions of Enals and Modified Chalcones Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
117 Citations2011Xinqiang Fang, Xingkuan Chen +2 more
A relevant and elegantantioselective Stetter reaction between enals and nitro-alkenes using NHC and catechol cocatalysts was reported by Rovis and co-workers recently.
Advanced Synthesis & CatalysisStereoselective Synthesis of γ‐Butyrolactones <i>via</i> Organocatalytic Annulations of Enals and Keto Esters
112 Citations2008Yi Li, Zhuo‐An Zhao +2 more
4,5,5-Trisubstituted γ-butyrolactones bearing two stereocenters including one quaternary carbon center have been synthesized in excellent yields via N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed annulations of enals and ketoesters.
Dalton TransactionsFused polycyclic nucleophilic carbenes – synthesis, structure, and function
107 Citations2009Anthony J. Arduengo, Luigi I. Iconaru
Fused polycyclic carbenes is a broad chemical class that has opened many new opportunities for improvements in chemical transformations and invention of new processes from both a structural and reactivity perspective.
Current Organic ChemistryN-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Redox Reactions of &#945;-Functionalized Aldehydes
103 Citations2011Zi‐Qiang Rong, Wei Zhang +2 more
Chemical CommunicationsHighly enantioselective intramolecular Michael reactions by d-camphor-derived triazolium salts
96 Citations2009Yi Li, Xue‐Qiang Wang +2 more
Camphor-derived chiral triazolium salts have been found to be highly efficient for asymmetric intramolecular Michael reactions, and obtained in excellent yields, with up to 99% ee.
StressFunctional and Pharmacological Characterization of the First Specific Agonist and Antagonist for the V1b Receptor in Mammals
92 Citations2003Serradeil-Le Gal Claudine, Derick Sylvain +6 more
Interestingly, SSR149415 displays potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities, indicating that this new class of drugs has a promising therapeutical potential in the treatment of stress-related disorders, anxiety and depression.
Nature ChemistryAn internal affair
84 Citations2013Jeffrey W. Bode
Preparing powerful reactive intermediates such as enolates and homoenolates for C–C bond formation used to require strong bases and stoichiometric reagents can now be catalytically generated from α-functionalized aldehydes or even from saturated esters under mild conditions using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts.
Angewandte Chemie International EditionN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Homoenolate‐Addition Reaction of Enals and Nitroalkenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 5‐Carbon‐Synthon δ‐Nitroesters
74 Citations2012Biswajit Maji, Li Ji +4 more
The Journal of Organic ChemistryAn Unexpected N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Annulation of Enals and Nitroso Compounds
74 Citations2009Limin Yang, Bin Tan +2 more
The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation of enals with nitroso compounds in the presence of DBU in THF has been described.
Organic LettersHighly Enantioselective Intermolecular Stetter Reactions of β-Aryl Acceptors: α-Ketoester Moiety as Handle for Activation and Synthetic Manipulations
69 Citations2011Eduardo Sánchez‐Larios, Karen Thai +2 more
The use of β,γ-unsaturated-α-ketoesters in the intermolecular Stetter reaction furnishes 1,2,5-tricarbonyl compounds in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
Tetrahedron LettersN-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed annulation of enals and vinyl ketones: a novel synthesis of [2H]-pyranones
53 Citations2011Vijay Nair, Rony Rajan Paul +4 more
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organic Catalysts
44 Citations2010Pei‐Chen Chiang, Jeffrey W. Bode
Organic LettersSynthesis of Spirocarbamate Oxindoles via Intramolecular Trapping of a β-Silyl Carbocation by an <i>N</i>-Boc Group
37 Citations2013Benjamin H. Shupe, Emily E. Allen +3 more
Several transformations display the synthetic utility of the Lewis acid catalyzed additions of allylsilanes to N-Boc-iminooxindoles, including a reductive cyclization to access new silylated furoindoline derivatives.
