Possible role of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in human development and psychopathology
The British Journal of PsychiatryPublished 1 September 2001Open access
Ian M. Goodyer, R. J. Park, C. M. Netherton, Joseph Herbert
Citations195
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.47
SNIP2.17
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Developmental changes in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone, the role of these hormones in the psychopathology of young people, and the action of these steroids in the brain are related to three aspects of behavioural endocrinology.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The characteristics of adrenal hormone secretion change markedly during infancy. Disturbances in basal levels may precipitate psychological dysfunction and are associated with psychopathology in young people. AIMS: To relate three aspects of behavioural endocrinology: developmental changes in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the role of these hormones in the psychopathology of young people, and the action of these steroids in the brain. METHOD: A selective review from the human developmental, psychiatric and neurosciences literature. RESULTS: There are developmentally mediated changes in brain sensitivity following excess exposure to cortisol. This may result in impairments of mental and behavioural function. DHEA and gonadal steroids may modulate the actions of cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid hormones contribute to shaping behavioural function during early development and act as risk factors for psychopathology.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Nature MedicineNeurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
6,304 Citations1998Peter S. Eriksson, Ekaterina Perfilieva +5 more
It is demonstrated that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans, indicating that the human hippocampus retains its ability to generate neurons throughout life.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyAutoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats
3,546 Citations1965Joseph Altman, Gopal D. Das
It is postulated that undifferentiated cells migrate postnatally from the forebrain ventricles to the hippocampus where they become differentiated, implicating that they may function as receptors of gonadal hormones.
PsychoneuroendocrinologySalivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications
2,120 Citations1994Clemens Kirschbaum, Dirk H. Hellhammer
An up-to-date overview of recent methodological developments, novel applications as well as a discussion of possible future applications of salivary cortisol determination are provided.
Nature NeuroscienceCortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
1,630 Citations1998Sonia Lupien, Mony J. de Leon +8 more
It is demonstrated that aged humans with significant prolonged cortisol elevations showed reduced hippocampal volume and deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks compared to normal-cortisol controls, and the degree of hippocampal atrophy correlated strongly with both the degree and current basal cortisol levels.
Endocrine ReviewsEstrogen Actions in the Central Nervous System<sup>1</sup>
1,367 Citations1999Bruce S. McEwen, Stephen E. Alves
This work has shown that estrogens, Neuroprotection, and Alzheimer’s Disease are intertwined and that the effects of estrogens on learning and memory are determined by the mechanism of action of the hormone.
ScienceWhy Stress Is Bad for Your Brain
1,298 Citations1996Robert M. Sapolsky
In his Perspective, Sapolsky argues that the underlying causal agent may be glucocorticoids secreted in abnormally high amounts under stressful conditions.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorRole of 5-HT in stress, anxiety, and depression
981 Citations1996Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Francisco Silveira Guimarães +2 more
It is found that 24 h after electrolytic lesion of the rat MRN glandular gastric ulcers occurred, and the immune response to the mitogen concanavalin A was depressed, these results are compatible with the hypothesis that the MRN-dorsal hippocampus 5-HT system attenuates stress by facilitation of hippocampal 5- HT1A-mediated neurotransmission.
NeuroscienceStress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons: Involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors
861 Citations1995A.M. Magarin˜os, Bruce S. McEwen
The results indicate that the reversible atrophy induced by 21 days of daily restraint stress requires corticosterone secretion and that excitatory mechanisms involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play a major role in driving the atrophy.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesSerotonin receptor 1A knockout: An animal model of anxiety-related disorder
810 Citations1998Sylvie Ramboz, Ronald S. Oosting +7 more
It is demonstrated that mice without 5-HT1A receptors display decreased exploratory activity and increased fear of aversive environments (open or elevated spaces) and suggested that reductions in 5- HT1A receptor density due to genetic defects or environmental stressors might result in heightened anxiety.
Biological PsychiatryDevelopmental traumatology part I: biological stress systems∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.
734 Citations1999Michael D. De Bellis, Andrew S. Baum +6 more
Urinary catecholamine and UFC concentrations showed positive correlations with duration of the PTSD trauma and severity of PTSD symptoms, suggesting that maltreatment experiences are associated with alterations of biological stress systems in maltreated children with PTSD.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismMarked Decline in Serum Concentrations of Adrenal C19 Sex Steroid Precursors and Conjugated Androgen Metabolites During Aging
696 Citations1997Fernand Labrie, Alain Bélanger +3 more
A marked decline in circulating adrenal C19 steroids and their resulting androgen metabolites takes place between the age groups of 20- to 30-yr olds and 50- to 60-yr-olds, with smaller changes observed after the age of 60 yr, suggesting a parallel decrease in the total androgen pool with age.
Psychiatric Clinics of North AmericaPSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF DEPRESSION
662 Citations1998Paul M. Plotsky, Michael J. Owens +1 more
Functional assessment of the HPA axis is thought to provide a window into central nervous system operation that may be of diagnostic value in this and other affective disorders regardless of whether CRF and glucocorticoids are directly involved in the origin of major depression or merely exacerbate the consequences of other primary defects.
International Journal of Developmental NeuroscienceDo early‐life events permanently alter behavioral and hormonal responses to stressors?
650 Citations1998Hymie Anisman, Marilee D. Zaharia +2 more
It is suggested that genetic factors may influence dam–pup interactive styles and may thus proactively influence the response to subsequent stressors among vulnerable animals, in contrast, in relatively hardy animals the early‐life manipulations may have less obvious effects.
PsychoneuroendocrinologyNEUROSTEROIDS: A NOVEL FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN
622 Citations1998E E Baulieu
A physiological function of neurosteroids in the central nervous system is strongly suggested by the role of hippocampal PREGS with respect to memory, observed in aging rats and it may be important to study the effect of abnormal neurosteroid concentrations/metabolism with a view to the possible treatment of functional and trophic disturbances of the nervous system.
Psychological MedicinePubertal changes in hormone levels and depression in girls
606 Citations1999Adrian Angold, E. Jane Costello +2 more
These findings argue against theories that explain the emergence of the female excess of depression in adulthood in terms of changes in body morphology and their resultant psychosocial effects on social interactions and self-perception and suggest that causal explanations of the increase in depression in females need to focus on factors associated with changes in androgen and oestrogen levels.
Psychological BulletinAre adolescents the victims of raging hormones? Evidence for activational effects of hormones on moods and behavior at adolescence.
558 Citations1992Christy M. Buchanan, Jacquelynne S. Eccles +1 more
Evidence is assessed for specific hormone-mood and hormone-behavior associations, as well as for more general types of hormone-outcome relations that transcend specific hormones or outcomes.
Archives of General PsychiatryDecreased Memory Performance in Healthy Humans Induced by Stress-Level Cortisol Treatment
549 Citations1999John W. Newcomer
Several days of exposure to cortisol at doses and plasma concentrations associated with physical and psychological stress in humans can-similar to pharmacological GC treatment-reversibly decrease specific elements of memory performance in otherwise healthy individuals.
The Journal of Clinical PharmacologyDHEA and DHEA‐S: A Review
520 Citations1999Patricia D. Kroboth, Firoozeh S. Salek +3 more
DHEA and DHEA‐S concentrations as they relate to stress, central nervous system function and psychiatric disorders, insulin sensitivity, immunological function, and cardiovascular disorders are addressed.
Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryThe Development of Memory
493 Citations1998Susan E. Gathercole
Archives of General PsychiatryLow Salivary Cortisol and Persistent Aggression in Boys Referred for Disruptive Behavior
483 Citations2000Keith McBurnett, BENJAMIN B. LAHEY +2 more
A restricted (low) range of cortisol variability may be more indicative of persistent aggression than a low concentration of cortisol at any single point in time.
NeuroendocrinologyNeonatal Handling Alters Adrenocortical Negative Feedback Sensitivity and Hippocampal Type II Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding in the Rat
464 Citations2008Michael J. Meaney, David H. Aitken +3 more
It was found that H animals secreted less ACTH and corticosterone during and following the termination of stress than did nonhandled (NH) controls, and H animals were more sensitive than NH animals to the inhibitory effects of either B or dexamethasone on stress-induced adrenocortical activity.
The British Journal of PsychiatryRecent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents
435 Citations2000Ian Goodyer, J. Herbert +2 more
A subgroup of adolescents may carry a physiological risk for major depression which may be either of genetic and/or earlier psychosocial origin.
The British Journal of PsychiatryAutobiographical Memory in Depression: State or Trait Marker?
428 Citations1993Andrew Brittlebank, Jan Scott +3 more
Two cognitive measures were used to assess 22 patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder and it was suggested that overgenerality is a trait marker indicating vulnerability to persistent depression.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryChild and Adolescent Abuse and Neglect Research: A Review of the Past 10 Years. Part I: Physical and Emotional Abuse and Neglect
410 Citations1999Sandra J. Kaplan, David Pelcovitz +1 more
Child maltreatment research in the next decade needs to focus on understanding factors leading to resilient outcomes and on assessing the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment strategies.
Current Opinion in Endocrinology & DiabetesEstrogen actions in the central nervous system
390 Citations1999Pamela J. McMillan, Daniel M. Dorsa
Developmental PsychobiologyStress reactivity and attachment security
388 Citations1996Megan R. Gunnar, Laurie Brodersen +3 more
Later attachment security was related to greater maternal responsiveness and lower cortisol baselines, and neither cortisol nor behavioral reactivity to the inoculations predicted later attachment classifications.
NeuroscienceAdrenal steroids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rats through a common pathway
378 Citations1997Heather A. Cameron, Patima Tanapat +1 more
This finding suggests that adrenal steroids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation regulate granule cell production in the adult rat dentate gyrus through a common pathway and that N- methyl-D, aspartate receptors activation operates downstream of corticosterone in this pathway.
Child DevelopmentAssessing Salivary Cortisol in Studies of Child Development
332 Citations1998Eve B. Schwartz, Douglas A. Granger +3 more
Analysis of samples collected using oral stimulants from child and adult participants confirmed stimulant interference as an extraneous source of variability in measured saliva cortisol, and recommendations to minimize the impact of stimulant interfered in studies involving salivary cortisol in the context of child health and development are outlined.
NeuroscienceRegional changes in c-fos expression in the basal forebrain and brainstem during adaptation to repeated stress: Correlations with cardiovascular, hypothermic and endocrine responses
310 Citations1995Xiaoye Chen, J. Herbert
The work reported here shows that both neuronal and physiological responses adapt to a repeated stress, but that in both cases this has highly specific components.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological SciencesHierarchical organization of cognitive memory
309 Citations1997Mortimer Mishkin, Wendy Suzuki +2 more
The new findings suggest that the hippocampus may be especially important for event as opposed to fact memory, with the surrounding cortical areas contributing to both.
Biological PsychiatrySalivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity during stress in oppositional-defiant disorder boys and normal controls
308 Citations1998Stephanie H.M. van Goozen, Walter Matthys +4 more
The results of the study support an important role for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis sympathetic autonomic functioning in persistent antisocial behavior in young boys.
Preventive MedicineQuality of Early Care and Buffering of Neuroendocrine Stress Reactions: Potential Effects on the Developing Human Brain
293 Citations1998Megan R. Gunnar
Evidence for decreased reactivity of the HPA system developing over the first year of life is presented and it is argued that these data provide yet more support for the importance of fostering safe, secure care for children early in their development.
Psychological MedicineAdrenal secretion during major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, I. Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at presentation
280 Citations1996Ian M. Goodyer, J. Herbert +4 more
PsychoneuroendocrinologySTRESS AND THE DEVELOPING LIMBIC–HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY–ADRENAL AXIS
275 Citations1998Delia M. Vázquez
It is found that the animal during the first 2 weeks of life responds to an intermittent chronic challenge increasing anterior pituitary POMC post-translational events, while the adult increases genomic events, and an increase in corticosterone (CS) levels is found.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryHypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Disruptive Children and Matched Controls
263 Citations2000Stephanie H.M. van Goozen, Walter Matthys +3 more
Children with DBD are characterized by lower ANS activity and HPA axis responsivity, but higher levels of emotional arousal, it is speculated that this could be due to differences in genetic makeup or to stressful conditions during pre- or postnatal life.
Biological PsychiatryThe Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Challenge in Depressed Abused, Depressed Nonabused, and Normal Control Children
262 Citations1997Joan Kaufman, Boris Birmaher +6 more
The pattern of findings of the depressed abused children experiencing ongoing adversity parallels the pattern of HPA axis dysregulation reported in animal studies of chronic stress.
Developmental PsychobiologyTemperament, social competence, and adrenocortical activity in preschoolers
255 Citations1997Megan R. Gunnar, Kathryn Tout +3 more
The results suggest that relations among temperament, social competence, and neuroendocrine reactivity reflect both individual and contextual differences.
ScienceChronology for Fluctuations in Late Pleistocene Sierra Nevada Glaciers and Lakes
246 Citations1996Fred M. Phillips, Marek Zreda +4 more
EndocrinologyDehydroepiandrosterone Antagonizes the Suppressive Effects of Dexamethasone on Lymphocyte Proliferation*
219 Citations1991Keith L. Blauer, Merrily Poth +2 more
DHEA given in vivo antagonizes the suppressive actions of DEX on lymphoid target tissues in mice and significantly reduced dexamethasone-induced thymic and splenic atrophy.
NeuroscienceDehydroepiandrosterone antagonizes the neurotoxic effects of corticosterone and translocation of stress-activated protein kinase 3 in hippocampal primary cultures
215 Citations1999V. G. Kimonides, M. G. Spillantini +3 more
It is reported here that the steroid dehydroepiandrosterone protects neurons of primary hippocampal cultures against the toxic effects of corticosterone, and may involve stress-activated protein kinase 3-related intracellular pathways, though direct evidence for this has still to be obtained.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismCortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate in the cerebrospinal fluid of man: relation to blood levels and the effects of age.
214 Citations1996E. Guazzo, Peter J. Kirkpatrick +3 more
The relation between levels in the blood and CSF differ for each of these three neuroactive steroids, showing the brain is exposed to relatively high levels of DHEA and DHEAS during later childhood and early adulthood but to relatively or absolutelyhigh levels of cortisol during infancy and older age.
Developmental PsychologyOrigins of autobiographical memory.
212 Citations1999Keryn Harley, Elaine Reese
Maternal reminiscing style and self-recognition uniquely predicted children's shared memory reports across time, even with children's initial language and nonverbal memory factored out.
NeurologyThe effect on memory of chronic prednisone treatment in patients with systemic disease
208 Citations1996P.A. Keenan, Mark W. Jacobson +4 more
Results reported here, combined with previous clinical and experimental reports, indicate that the risk of memory impairment should be carefully considered before initiating treatment with glucocorticoids and that the potential benefit of anti-inflammatory treatment in Alzheimer's disease might be counterbalanced by possible iatrogenic memory impairment.
Child DevelopmentDampening of Adrenocortical Responses during Infancy: Normative Changes and Individual Differences
207 Citations1996Megan R. Gunnar, Laurie Brodersen +2 more
While crying and cortisol were modestly correlated during the 2- to 6-month exam-inoculation procedures, at 15 months no significant correlations were obtained and there was some evidence that the emergence of the circadian rhythm in cortisol might be related to the early decrease in cortisol response.
NeuronA molecular framework for the actions of glucocorticoid hormones in the nervous system
197 Citations1989Ronald M. Evans, Jeffrey L. Arriza
A new working hypothesis is presented-a “blnary hormone response system”-for the actions of glucocorticoids in the brain using recent analyses of the relationship of the minerdlocorticoid and glucocORTicoid receptors (the typ? I and type II corticosteroid receptors) found in the nervous system.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyTumor Necrosis Factor and Steroid Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure: Possible Relation to Muscle Wasting
191 Citations1997Stefan D. Anker, Andrew L. Clark +5 more
There is an increase in TNF and its soluble receptors in chronic heart failure associated with a rise in the cortisol/DHEA (catabolic/anabolic) ratio, which correlates with BMI and clinical severity of heart failure, suggesting a possible etiologic link.
Psychological MedicineAdrenal steroid secretion and major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, III. Influence of cortisol/DHEA ratio at presentation on subsequent rates of disappointing life events and persistent major depression
186 Citations1998Ian Goodyer, Joseph Herbert +1 more
The finding that it is depressed subjects with high cortisol/DHEA ratios at presentation who are specifically at risk for subsequent disappointing life events suggests a putative role for these adrenal steroids in abnormal cognitive or emotional processes associated with disturbed interpersonal behaviour.
Developmental PsychologyOrigins of autobiographical memory.
177 Citations1999Keryn Harley, Elaine Reese
The Journal of PhysiologyThe arginine vasopressin and corticotrophin‐releasing hormone gene transcription responses to varied frequencies of repeated stress in rats
174 Citations1998Xin‐Ming Ma, Stafford L. Lightman
The British Journal of PsychiatryFirst-episode major depression in adolescents
172 Citations2000Ian Goodyer, J. Herbert +2 more
Both negative mood and feelings and alterations in adrenal steroid function precede the onset of first-episode major depression in adolescents andVariation in levels of hormones may arise from more distal origins than recent life events and current ongoing difficulties.
Journal of Youth and AdolescenceNegative affect and hormone levels in young adolescents: Concurrent and predictive perspectives
172 Citations1991Elizabeth J. Susman, Lorah D. Dorn +1 more
The findings suggest that puberty-related hormone levels should be considered along with psychological characteristics in examining the processes involved in the development of negative affect during the pubertal years.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism24-Hour Secretory Pattern of Dehydroisoandrosterone and Dehydroisoandrosterone Sulfate
172 Citations1975Robert Rosenfeld, Bruno Rosenberg +2 more
In this patient, continuous secretion of cortisol by the tumor apparently abolished stimulation of the contralateral adrenal, and DHA production was negligible, and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate analysis in plasma displayed a pattern which showed less synchronicity with DHA and cortisol and less fluctuation than did the free hormones.
Psychological MedicineMood and neuropsychological function in depression: the role of corticosteroids and serotonin
169 Citations1998R. Hamish McAllister‐Williams, I. Nicol Ferrier +1 more
It is argued that there is a neurobiological cause of impaired neuropsychological function in depression, particularly in the hippocampus with involvement of serotonergic 5-HT1A and glucocorticoid receptors, and the affective and psychological changes of depressive illness are likely to have complex relationships in time and severity.
Biological PsychiatryAdrenal androgens and aggression in conduct disorder prepubertal boys and normal controls
166 Citations1998Stephanie H.M. van Goozen, Walter Matthys +3 more
DHEAS levels were significantly positively correlated with the intensity of aggression and delinquency as rated by both parents and teachers, suggesting that adrenal androgen functioning plays an important role in the onset and maintenance, of aggression in young boys.
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and MetabolismTwin study of the 24-h cortisol profile: evidence for genetic control of the human circadian clock
163 Citations1993Paul Linkowski, Anne Van Onderbergen +4 more
The results indicate that, despite the increased impact of social inputs, genetic factors also control human circadian rhythmicity.
The LancetMode of delivery and subsequent stress response
162 Citations2000Alyx Taylor, Nicholas M. Fisk +1 more
It is shown that a baby's stress (saliva cortisol) and crying response to inoculation at 8 weeks was related to mode of delivery, with the greatest response shown in those born by assisted delivery and the least response in those Born by elective caesarean section.
Journal of NeuroscienceGlutamate, But Not Dopamine, Stimulates Stress-Activated Protein Kinase and AP-1-Mediated Transcription in Striatal Neurons
160 Citations1997Michael A. Schwarzschild, Rebecca L. Cole +1 more
Both the glutamatergic induction of AP-1-mediated transcription and activation of SAPK/JNK appear to be mediated, at least in part, via NMDA receptors, and in striatal neurons, the phosphorylation of c-Jun may be required to convertAP-1 protein expression and binding to transcriptional activation.
Biological PsychiatrySalivary cortisol responses and the risk for substance abuse in prepubertal boys
159 Citations1995Howard B. Moss, Michael M. Vanyukov +1 more
Cortisol hyporesponsivity was associated with the dysregulated behaviors prevalent among high-risk boys and could be a "marker" for later antisociality and PSUD.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismDehydroisoandrosterone Is Secreted Episodically and Synchronously with Cortisol by Normal Man
156 Citations1971Robert Rosenfeld, LEON HELLMAN +4 more
In 4 studies in a normal man it was demonstrated that dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) was secreted episodically and synchronously with cortisol, and a high degree of biological activity can be implied for DHA.
Neuroscience LettersPregnenolone sulfate augments NMDA receptor mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+ in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
155 Citations1992Robert P. Irwin, Nicholas J. Maragakis +4 more
The data suggest that the previously reported excitatory properties of pregnenolone sulfate may be due, in part, to an augmentation of the action of glutamic acid at the NMDA receptor.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismEffect of Burn Trauma on Adrenal and Testicular Steroid Hormone Production*
155 Citations1987Edwin D. Lephart, Charles R. Baxter +1 more
Child DevelopmentDevelopmental Change in Infants' Responses to Stress
146 Citations1995M. Jane Lewis, Douglas S. Ramsay
There was no evidence for cross-age consistency in individual infants showing stress-related cortisol decreases to the procedures at a given age, and diurnal variation in baseline cortisol level was present only at 6 months of age.
BMJFortnightly review: Stress, the brain, and mental illness
145 Citations1997J. Herbert
Coping is the process of recognising, evaluating, and adapting to persistent and adverse stress, and it seems useful to give most references to books or reviews that summarise current evidence or opinion.
NeuroscienceMultiple immediate-early gene expression during physiological and endocrine adaptation to repeated stress
144 Citations1999Jennifer A. Stamp, J. Herbert
Adaptation of the expression of multiple immediate-early genes occurs during repeated restraint, but in a site-specific pattern in the brains of male rats, as shown in experiments two and three.
MetabolismHeritability of variation of plasma cortisol levels
135 Citations1988A.W. Meikle, John D. Stringham +2 more
The results suggest that genetic factors have a decided influence on the variation of the concentration of cortisol of DHEA-S in normal adult men.
Biological PsychiatryThe relationship between longitudinal clinical course and sleep and cortisol changes in adolescent depression
125 Citations1996Uma Rao, Ronald E. Dahl +7 more
Analysis incorporating clinical follow-up reveal that changes in sleep and cortisol measures are associated with differential longitudinal course in adolescent unipolar major depressive disorder.
Child DevelopmentReciprocal Influences among Adrenocortical Activation, Psychosocial Processes, and the Behavioral Adjustment of Clinic-Referred Children
119 Citations1996Douglas A. Granger, J. R. Weisz +3 more
Findings are among the first to suggest links among internalizing behavior problems, adrenocortical responsiveness to social challenge, and clinic-referred children's short-term cognitive-behavioral and emotional adjustment.
Development and PsychopathologyStress, memory, and emotion: Developmental considerationsfrom the study of child maltreatment
117 Citations1998Seth D. Pollak, Dante Cicchetti +1 more
It is suggested that cognitive processes such as memory and attention serve to link experience with emotion and emotion with psychopathology and an information processing approach is used to explain the development of maltreated children's adaptive and maladaptive coping responses.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryShort-Term Outcome of Major Depression: I. Comorbidity and Severity at Presentation as Predictors of Persistent Disorder
111 Citations1997Ian Goodyer, J. Herbert +2 more
Systematic assessment of comorbid psychiatric conditions at initial interview, together with the use, in older subjects, of a self-report questionnaire to determine subjective severity, will provide valid clinical information concerning the potential short-term outcome of major depression.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryMood and Memory Changes in Asthmatic Children Receiving Corticosteroids
107 Citations1988Bruce G. Bender, J Lerner +1 more
Significant mood and memory differences were found in severely asthmatic children evaluated at high and low steroid levels, but changes were generally subtle, and no evidence of steroid-induced psychiatric disturbance was documented.
NeuroreportNeuroprotection by dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate
104 Citations1998Xianrong Mao, Steven W. Barger
It is implied that age-related declines in the availability of DHEA-S could exacerbate neurotoxicity, and the data suggest that therapeutic gains may be obtained with pharmacological manipulation of kappaB-dependent transcription in neurons.
Molecular Brain ResearchModulation of serotonin and corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus with circadian rhythm and stress
102 Citations1995Megan C. Holmes, Karen L. French +1 more
The results show that hippocampal expression of the 5-HT2C receptor gene, but not other subtypes, is sensitive to a variety of manipulations.
Child DevelopmentEvent-related Potentials in Year-Old Infants: Relations with Emotionality and Cortisol
89 Citations1994Megan R. Gunnar, Charles A. Nelson
Event-related potentials were recorded from year-old infants presented with sets of familiar faces presented frequently and infrequently, and a set of novel faces presented infrequently and were interpreted as reflecting the coordination of adaptive responding among different physiological and behavioral systems.
Journal of NeuroscienceRole of glucocorticoids in the cholinergic degeneration in rat hippocampus induced by ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A)
72 Citations1993Heide Hörtnagl, M. Berger +2 more
The influence of glucocorticoids on the degeneration of this pathway induced by the cholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) is reported and the subregional pattern in the response to glucocORTicoid suggests the involvement of mineraloc Corticoid type I receptors.
GerontologyAdrenocortical Responsiveness to Graded ACTH Infusions in Normal Young and Elderly Human Subjects
69 Citations2009Masao Ōhashi, Kenichi Kato +2 more
The responses of adrenal androgens in elderly subjects to small, graded doses of ACTH infusion are preferentially impaired; however, the responses of cortisol and aldosterone are well maintained.
Psychological MedicineAdrenal secretion and major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, II. Influence of co-morbidity at presentation
65 Citations1996J. Herbert, Ian Goodyer +4 more
It is suggested that specific endocrine disturbances may be associated with different patterns of co-morbidity during an episode of major depression in this age group.
Biological PsychiatryCorticotropin-releasing hormone challenge in prepubertal major depression
62 Citations1996Boris Birmaher, Ronald E. Dahl +10 more
Overall, there were no significant differences between the MDD and the normal controls in baseline or post CRH stimulation values of either cortisol or ACTH, consistent with a broad literature suggesting that the HPA axis abnormalities occur less frequently in early-onset depression than reported in adult studies.
Biological PsychiatryThe Dexamethasone Suppression Test in children and adolescents: A review and a controlled study
57 Citations1992Ronald E. Dahl, Joan Kaufman +6 more
Questions about the appropriateness of the 1 mg dose of dexamethasone (currently the standard dose used with adolescents) are raised, together with a discussion of the effects of stress on DST findings.
Development and PsychopathologyTrauma, mental representation, and the organization of memoryfor mother-referent material
45 Citations1998Michael Lynch, Dante Cicchetti
Results were consistent with the hypothesis that experiences of trauma and representational models of caregivers are associated with differences in the way children process and retrieve information about positive and negative mother attribute words, and in terms of the ways in which children who have experienced trauma process information about their worlds.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryDexamethasone Suppression Test in Children with Major Depressive Disorder
42 Citations1992Boris Birmaher, Neal D. Ryan +8 more
Questions are raised as to the utility of this test in the diagnosis of affective disorders in children, as 24-hour baseline cortisol and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) do not discriminate between the three groups.
Psychological Medicine5-HT neuroendocrine function in major depression: prolactin and cortisol responses to D-fenfluramine
37 Citations1996S. B. G. Park, David J. Williamson +1 more
It is suggested that in contrast to other 5-HT neuroendocrine probes such as L-tryptophan and clomipramine, the prolactin response to fenfluramine are not consistently blunted in depressed patients.
Cambridge University Press eBooksPhysiological processes and the development of childhood and adolescent depression
16 Citations2001Jeanne Brooks‐Gunn, Jessica J. Auth +2 more
Psychological MedicineBack to the future: the neurobiology of major depression
7 Citations1998Philip J. Cowen
This issue of Psychological Medicine carries a number of papers on the neurobiology of major depression; how far do the papers in this issue take us into this difficult territory?
…