The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care
American Journal of Public HealthPublished 11 April 2012Open access
Vickie L. Shavers, Pebbles Fagan, Dionne J. Jones, William M. P. Klein, Josephine Boyington, Carmen Moten
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Better instrumentation, innovative methodology, and strategies are needed for identifying and tracking racial/ethnic discrimination in health care settings.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a review to examine current literature on the effects of interpersonal and institutional racism and discrimination occurring within health care settings on the health care received by racial/ethnic minority patients. METHODS: We searched the PsychNet, PubMed, and Scopus databases for articles on US populations published between January 1, 2008 and November 1, 2011. We used various combinations of the following search terms: discrimination, perceived discrimination, race, ethnicity, racism, institutional racism, stereotype, prejudice or bias, and health or health care. Fifty-eight articles were reviewed. RESULTS: Patient perception of discriminatory treatment and implicit provider biases were the most frequently examined topics in health care settings. Few studies examined the overall prevalence of racial/ethnic discrimination and none examined temporal trends. In general, measures used were insufficient for examining the impact of interpersonal discrimination or institutional racism within health care settings on racial/ethnic disparities in health care. CONCLUSIONS: Better instrumentation, innovative methodology, and strategies are needed for identifying and tracking racial/ethnic discrimination in health care settings.
Keywords
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23 Citations2010Betty Davies, Judith Larson +2 more
Content analysis of interviews with 13 participants from 11 families who were recruited from two children's hospitals in Northern California resulted in numerous codes and revealed that participants perceived discrimination when they were treated differently from other, usually white, families.
Ethnicity and HealthEthnic notions and healthy paranoias: understanding of the context of experience and interpretations of healthcare encounters among older Black women
22 Citations2010Colette Marie Sims
The first-hand perspectives of older Black women within healthcare encounters that impact the trajectories of health-seeking behavior are reported; their perceptions, expectations, and beliefs about the role of cultural difference within predominantly White (US) healthcare settings are examined; and how sharing personal experiences as a fund of knowledge influences ethnic notions are explored.
Journal of General Internal MedicineAssociation Between Prior Experiences of Discrimination and Patients’ Attitudes Towards Health Care Providers Collecting Information About Race and Ethnicity
19 Citations2009Namratha R. Kandula, Romana Hasnain‐Wynia +3 more
Journal of General Internal MedicinePatient-Reported Racial/Ethnic Healthcare Provider Discrimination and Medication Intensification in the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)
18 Citations2011Courtney R. Lyles, Andrew J. Karter +5 more
It is found that patient–reported healthcare discrimination was associated with less medication intensification, and discrimination could still be associated with other aspects of care (e.g., patient-centeredness, communication).
Social Work in Health CareSocial Determinants and Health Service Use Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Findings From a Community Sample
17 Citations2011Duy Nguyen, Kiu H. Ho +1 more
The results indicate that perceived discrimination and neighborhood cohesion increase the likelihood of a person using health services.
The journal of nutrition health & agingWith or without intent: How racial disparities prevent effective implementation of care
13 Citations2008Jennifer E. Subban, Nancy Terwoord +1 more
Without addressing racial, cultural and ethnic disparities in health care, efforts at translation will continue to be thwarted and physicians’ efforts attranslation must be matched by changes to the institutional arrangements within health care systems.
Journal of Transcultural NursingPsychometric Evaluation of the Perceived Prejudice in Health Care Scale–Modified (PPHC-M) Among Baccalaureate Student Nurses
11 Citations2011Ruth Ohm, Libby Averill Rosen
The psychometric properties of the Perception of Prejudice in Health Care Scale–Modified (PPHC-M) were evaluated, and the relationship between perceived discrimination in health care delivery and cultural sensitivity awareness was explored.
Race and Social ProblemsRacism Reported by Direct Care Workers in Long-Term Care Settings
11 Citations2011Farida K. Ejaz, Julie H. Rentsch +2 more
Reports of racism experienced by direct care workers (DCWs) are focused on and have important implications for addressing racism in LTC agencies with anti-discrimination policies and programs.
Oncology nursing forumExploring Perceptions of Cancer Care Delivery Among Older Mexican American Adults
9 Citations2009Maureen Campesino
Replication of this study with larger, culturally diverse samples is needed to increase understanding of the role of perceived discrimination in cancer care and to develop culturally responsive, evidence-based healthcare interventions for patients and families coping with cancer.
Journal of Ambulatory Care ManagementDoes Health Care Setting Matter in Reports of Discrimination?
7 Citations2010Laura Hoyt D’Anna, Gregory D. Stevens +2 more
Adults who identified clinics/health centers/hospital clinics or “other settings” as their usual source of health care had increased odds for perceived racial/ethnic discrimination compared with those who utilized private and health maintenance organizations doctors’ offices, although this was true only for middle, but not lower or higher, socio-economic respondents.
Howard Journal of CommunicationsEmployees' Views of Discrimination in a Community Health Department
3 Citations2011Samantha Nazione, Kami J. Silk
A social norms framework is used to conduct formative research on discrimination within the context of a community health department (CHD) to provide evidence of discrimination and lack of systematic managerial support in addressing instances of discrimination.
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