Brain Evolution and Cognition
Published 8 December 2000
Gerhard Roth, Mario F. Wullimann
Citations176
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
This chapter discusses the evolution and Complexity of the Human Brain: Some Organizing Principles, the Evolution of Neural and Behavioral Complexity, and Cognition in Vertebrates.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Problems in the Study of Brain Evolution and Cognition (M. Wulliman and G. Roth). DEVELOPMENT AND ADULT BRAIN ORGANIZATION IN EVOLUTION. Brain Phenotypes and Early Regulatory Genes: The Bauplan of the Metazoan Central Nervous System (M. Wulliman). The Echinoderm Nervous System and its Phylogenetic Interpretation (T. Heinzeller and U. Welsch). Evolution of Vertebrate Motor Systems (H. ten Donkelaar). Sensory System Evolution in Vertebrates (W. Hodos & A. Butler). Evolution of the Forebrain in Tetrapods (T. Shimizu) Neocortical Macrocircuits (R. Nieuwenhuys). Hunting in Barn Owls: Peripheral and Neurobiological Specializations and their General Relevance in Neural Computation (H. Wagner). Evolution and Devolution: The Case of Bolitoglossine Salamanders (G. Roth & D. Wake). Evolutionary Constraints of Large Telencephala (G. Rehkamper, et al.). COGNITION: FROM NEURAL BASIS TO BEHAVIOR. Brain and Cognitive Function in Telecost Fishes (L. Demski and J. Beaver). Cognition in Insects: The Honeybee as a Study Case (R. Menzel, et al.). Insect Brain (N. Strausfeld). Conservation in the Neurology and Psychology of Cognition in Vertebrates (E. Macphail). Multimodal Areas of the Avian Forebrain--Blueprints for Cognition? (O. Gunturkun & D. Durstewitz). Cognition of Birds as Products of Evolved Brains (J. Delius, et al.). What can the Cerebral Cortex do Better than Other Parts of the Brain? (A. Schuz). Evolution and Complexity of the Human Brain: Some Organizing Principles (M. Hofman). The Evolution of Neural and Behavioral Complexity (H. Jerison). The Evolution of Consciousness (G. Roth).
Keywords
NeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyEnvironmental Science
PalaiosVertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
1,679 Citations1988John H. Ostrom, Robert L. Carroll
Carroll has to his credit an immense amount of useful labour in writing the book and will probably corner the market for a vertebrate paleontology text for the rest of this century.
NatureEvidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals
1,606 Citations1997Anna Marie A. Aguinaldo, James M. Turbeville +5 more
The results suggest that ecdysis (moulting) arose once and support the idea of a new clade, Ecdysozoa, containing moulting animals: arthropods, tardigrades, onychophorans, nematodes, Nematomorphs, kinor-hynchs and priapulids.
ScienceInduction of Ectopic Eyes by Targeted Expression of the <i>eyeless</i> Gene in <i>Drosophila</i>
1,592 Citations1995Georg Halder, Patrick Callaerts +1 more
By targeted expression of the ey complementary DNA in various imaginal disc primordia of Drosophila, ectopic eye structures were induced on the wings, the legs, and on the antennae and support the proposition that ey is the master control gene for eye morphogenesis.
The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates
1,239 Citations1998R. Nieuwenhuys, Hans J. ten Donkelaar +1 more
The structure and function of the cellular elements in the CNS and the role of brain size in vertebrates are studied.
CellThe murine and Drosophila homeobox gene complexes have common features of organization and expression
1,028 Citations1989Anthony Graham, Nancy Papalopulu +1 more
Alignment shows a clear relationship among genes in the mouse and Drosophila complexes, based on relative position, sequence identity, and domains of expression along the rostral-caudal axis.
ScienceHomeo Boxes in the Study of Development
918 Citations1987Walter J. Gehring
It has been possible to transform head structures into thoracic structures and to alter the body plan of Drosophila in a predicted way, suggesting that similar genetic mechanisms may control development in higher organisms.
NatureNested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain
797 Citations1992Antonio Simeone, Dario Acampora +3 more
The expression domains of the four genes in the developing rostral brain of mouse embryos at a developmental stage, day 10 post coitum, seem to be continuous regions contained within each other in the sequence Emxl < Emx2 < Otxl< Otx2.
Trends in NeurosciencesExpression patterns of homeobox and other putative regulatory genes in the embryonic mouse forebrain suggest a neuromeric organization
782 Citations1993Luis Puelles, John L.R. Rubenstein
A neuromeric model of the forebrain is described that is consistent with the expression patterns of these genes, and that provides a framework for understanding the morphological relationships within this complex structure.
NatureHomeotic genes and the evolution of arthropods and chordates
751 Citations1995Sean B. Carroll
The generation of arthropod and tetrapod diversity has largely involved regulatory changes in the expression of conserved arrays of homeotic genes and the evolution of interactions between homeotic proteins and the genes they regulate.
NatureThe zootype and the phylotypic stage
709 Citations1993Jonathan Slack, Peter W. H. Holland +1 more
The definition provided here, made on the basis of developmental biology, suggests methods for resolving phylogenetic problems.
The Quarterly Review of BiologyThe Genesis of Neural Crest and Epidermal Placodes: A Reinterpretation of Vertebrate Origins
681 Citations1983R. Glenn Northcutt, Carl Gans
The origin of a postotic skull and axial vertebrate appears to be associated with the origin of the gnathostomes, and the development of armor appears to have occurred later in vertebrate evolution.
Cambridge University Press eBooksMaterials for the Study of Variation
587 Citations2012William Bateson
ScienceEvidence from 18 <i>S</i> Ribosomal DNA that the Lophophorates Are Protostome Animals
582 Citations1995Kenneth M. Halanych, John D. Bacheller +4 more
Sequence analyses show that lophophorates are protostomes closely related to mollusks and annelids, which deviates from the commonly held view of deuterostome affinity.
Journal of NeuroscienceSpatially restricted expression of Dlx-1, Dlx-2 (Tes-1), Gbx-2, and Wnt- 3 in the embryonic day 12.5 mouse forebrain defines potential transverse and longitudinal segmental boundaries
576 Citations1993Alessandro Bulfone, Luis Puelles +4 more
A model for forebrain segmentation is suggested based on patterns of expression found within the dorsal thalamus for the Gbx- 2 and Wnt-3 genes, consistent with neuromeric theories of forebrain development.
Annual Review of NeuroscienceEvolution of the Telencephalon in Nonmammals
504 Citations1981R. Glenn Northcutt
The relatively sophisticated armamentarium of neurobiological tech niques available today allows us to establish more accurately the anatomy of the telencephalon; these data, data from the fossil record, and a more sophisticated view of vertebrate phylogeny allow us to propose and test new hypotheses regarding the evolution of the vertebrate telencesphalon.
CellHox and HOM: Homologous gene clusters in insects and vertebrates
471 Citations1989Michael Akam
It appears that both HOM-C and Hox contain, in the same chromosomal order, the descendants of a gene family whose main members were already dis- tinct when insect and vertebrate lineages diverged.
NatureSegmental organization of embryonic diencephalon
402 Citations1993Michael C. Figdor, Claudio D. Stern
A comparison of vertebrate and arthropod development suggests that the basic principles that control anterior axial patterning and set up neuronal specificity in the embryonic central nervous system are highly conserved in evolution.
NatureThe fossil record and the early evolution of the Metazoa
402 Citations1993Simon Conway Morris
The appearance of the multicellular animals, or Metazoa, in the fossil record about 600 million years ago marks a revolution in the history of life, and data on rapidly radiating animal groups place early metazoan evolution in a new perspective.
Trends in NeurosciencesThe emergence and evolution of mammalian neocortex
380 Citations1995R. Glenn Northcutt, J. H. Kaas
Cortical variation in mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates, re-examined by current comparative methodology (out-group analysis), indicates that separate lateral, dorsal and medial (hippocampal) pallial or cortical formations arose with the origin of vertebrates.
Trends in NeurosciencesThe cellular basis of segmentation in the developing hindbrain
363 Citations1990Andrew Lumsden
This review surveys the evidence that the hindbrain region is laid down as a series of similar modules, final complexity being founded on this simple ground plan.
Advances in geneticsMolecular and Genetic Organization of The Antennapedia Gene Complex of Drosophila melanogaster
359 Citations1990Thomas C. Kaufman, Mark A. Seeger +1 more
The molecular and developmental analyses of the Antennapedia complex have shown that it differs from the Bithorax complex in two striking ways, in the spatial patterns of expression of the homeotic genes of the ANT-C that is necessary in the head.
Genes & DevelopmentExpression of homeo box genes during mouse development: a review.
330 Citations1988Peter W. H. Holland, Brigid L.M. Hogan
DNA sequence comparisons indicate that classes of genes exist within which the genes share a more recent evolutionary origin than that shared by the homeo box gene family as a whole.
ScienceTooth Induction in Chick Epithelium: Expression of Quiescent Genes for Enamel Synthesis
310 Citations1980Edward J. Kollar, Chris Fisher
Intraocular grafts of chick epithelium combined with mouse molar mesenchyme produced a variety of dental structures including perfectly formed crowns with differentiated ameloblasts depositing enamel matrix, suggesting that the loss of teeth in Aves did not result from a loss of genetic coding for enamel synthesis in the oral epithellium but from an alteration in the tissue interactions requisite for odontogenesis.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionThe Telencephalon of Tetrapods in Evolution; pp. 179–194
306 Citations2008Georg F. Striedter
A comparative analysis of pallial organization that includes embryological data suggests the following set of homologies: the dorsal cortex in reptiles is probably homologous to the accessory hyperstriatum and parahippocampal area in birds and to the isocortex in mammals.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionThe Limbic System of Tetrapods: A Comparative Analysis of Cortical and Amygdalar Populations
294 Citations2008Laura L. Bruce, Timothy J. Neary
Comparisons of tetrapod limbic systems are reevaluated to show that the targets of the accessory olfactory bulb in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals appear to be homologous, with the exception of nucleus sphericus in reptiles, which lacks an obvious homologue in non-reptiles.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesExpression of homeobox genes shows chelicerate arthropods retain their deutocerebral segment
262 Citations1998Maximilian J. Telford, Richard H. Thomas
Embrailed expression, which has been used to demonstrate the presence of segments in insects, fails to demonstrate a reduced deutocerebral segment and further inferences are made concerning the evolution of heads and Hox genes in arthropods.
NatureThe orthodenticle gene is regulated by bicoid and torso and specifies Drosophila head development
261 Citations1990Robert Finklstein, Norbert Perrimon
The homeobox gene orthodenticle (otd), which is involved in head development, could be such a gene and it is reported here that otd expression responds to the activity of the maternal tor gene at the anterior pole of the embryo.
DevelopmentThe caudal limit of <i>Otx2</i> gene expression as a marker of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary: a study using in situ hybridisation and chick/quail homotopic grafts
256 Citations1996Sandrine Millet, Evelyne Bloch‐Gallego +2 more
Long-survival analysis allowing the recognition of the various grisea of the chimeric brains strongly supports the view that, as early as stage HH10, the caudal limit of Otx2 expression separates mesencephalic from isthmo/cerebellar territories.
ScienceEvidence from 12 <i>S</i> Ribosomal RNA Sequences that Onychophorans Are Modified Arthropods
252 Citations1992J. William O. Ballard, Gary J. Olsen +4 more
Parsimony analysis suggests that onychophorans form a sister group to chelicerates and crustaceans plus hexapods, but this relationship is not well supported by monophyly testing, which conflict with current hypotheses of evolutionary pathways within arthropods.
American ZoologistEvolution of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System: Patterns and Processes
242 Citations1984R. Glenn Northcutt
Analysis of a number of CNS characters that are usually assumed to be homologous reveals that homoplasous characters appear among them, and definitions of homology and homoplasy are reviewed, as are the concepts that bear on their application.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionThe Forebrain of Gnathostomes: In Search of a Morphotype; pp. 275–288
236 Citations2008R. Glenn Northcutt
A morphotype of the forebrain of gnathostomes was generated by using out-group analysis to identify the shared primitive characters present in the forebrains of extant gnathOSTomes, and hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships profoundly affect the resulting morphotype.
Internet Archive (Internet Archive)Cognition: Theory and Applications
234 Citations1982Stephen K. Reed
Trends in GeneticsHox genes and pattern formation in the branchial region of the vertebrate head
231 Citations1993Robb Krumlauf
An important region associated with Hox patterning is the head, where the evolutionary and molecular studies have reawakened interest in the cellular processes and complex interactions required to regulate craniofacial morphogenesis.
Trends in GeneticsFrom fly head to mammalian forebrain: the story of otd and Otx
213 Citations1994Robert Finkelstein, Edoardo Boncinelli
These studies suggest that this domain is specified according to a genetic paradigm that is different from that governing trunk development, and are also beginning to provide insights into the structures that underlie the rostral brain.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionCrustacean – Insect Relationships: The Use of Brain Characters to Derive Phylogeny amongst Segmented Invertebrates
211 Citations1998Nicholas J. Strausfeld
Certain elements of the optic lobes and mid-brain support the notion that insects are more closely related to crustaceans than they are to any other arthropods, however, deep optic neuropils and optic chiasmata are homoplastic in insects and crustacean.
Anatomy and EmbryologyPostembryonic neural proliferation in the zebrafish forebrain and its relationship to prosomeric domains
196 Citations1999Mario F. Wullimann, Luis Puelles
It is directly demonstrated that the dorsal telencephalic proliferation zone (i.e. the pallium) extends – consistent with the process of eversion – some distance laterally on top of theTelencephalon.
International review of cytologyPeptides in the Nervous Systems of Cnidarians: Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis
186 Citations1996Cornelis J.P. Grimmelikhuijzen, Ilia Leviev +1 more
Most neuropeptides have an excitatory or inhibitory action on whole cnidarians, muscle preparations, and isolated muscle cells, suggesting that these peptides are neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
American ZoologistThe Elementary Nervous System Revisited
182 Citations1990G. O. Mackie
Cnidarians like hydra have seemingly simple, two-dimensional nervous systems with little or no centralization, but even such systems can be surprisingly complex, and the more advanced cnidarian show neurophysiological specializations as sophisticated as those of many higher invertebrates.
Journal of comparative psychologyCognition in an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Further evidence for comprehension of categories and labels.
164 Citations1990Irene M. Pepperberg
Annual Review of Cell Biology<i>Hox</i> Codes and Positional Specification in Vertebrate Embryonic Axes
147 Citations1992Paul Hunt, Robb Krumlauf
Compared the ways in which vertebrate Hox genes are used in the patterning of three distinct embryonic contexts, the branchial region, the somites, and the limb, it is suggested that each system is better considered as an independent system for regional specification.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyAuditory, electrosensory, and mechanosensory lateral line pathways through the forebrain in channel catfishes
142 Citations1991Georg F. Striedter
The forebrain auditory, electrosensory, and mechanosensory lateral line pathways in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were examined by applying the fluorescent tracer DiI to the pathways.
Journal of NeurobiologyEmx and Otx homeobox genes in the developing mouse brain
137 Citations1993Edoardo Boncinelli, Massimo Gulisano +1 more
The expression of four mouse homeobox genes related to two Drosophila genes expressed in the developing head of the fly are analyzed to speculate about a possible role of these genes in establishing and/or signalling the limits of the various embryonic brain regions in a discrete progressive process with its center in the dorsal telencephalon.
Trends in NeurosciencesMolecular approaches to the segmentation of the hindbrain
136 Citations1990David G. Wilkinson, Robb Krumlauf
The in situ hybridization studies provided circumstantial evidence that certain 'zinc-finger' and homeobox genes have roles in the development of segments in the early mouse hindbrain, and the implications for the function of these genes in hindbrain development are discussed.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionConnections of the Corpus Cerebelli in the Green Sunfish and the Common Goldfish: A Comparison of Perciform and Cypriniform Teleosts (Part 1 of 2)
133 Citations2008Mario F. Wullimann, R. Glenn Northcutt
European Journal of MorphologyComparison of the Mammalian and Avian Telencephalon from the Perspective of Gene Expression Data
128 Citations1999Luis Puelles, Ellen Kuwana +2 more
Gene markers suggest common sets of molecular developmental determinants in either pallial or subpallial domains of the mouse and chicken telencephalon, extending all the way from the posterior pole (amygdala) to the septum.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciencesOn the nervous system of <i>Saccoglossus cambrensis</i> (Enteropneusta)
127 Citations1952E. W. Knight‐Jones
The proboscis is necessary for spontaneous and varied activity, but the considerable degree of co-ordination shown is not due to any localized centre but to a longitudinal reflex path involving the main nerve cords.
DevelopmentMurine <i>Otx1</i> and <i>Drosophila otd</i> genes share conserved genetic functions required in invertebrate and vertebrate brain development
127 Citations1998Dario Acampora, Virginia Avantaggiato +5 more
Data favour an extended functional conservation between Drosophila otd and murine Otx1 genes and support the idea that conserved genetic functions required in mammalian brain development evolved in a primitive ancestor of both flies and mice.
American ZoologistApical Organs, Epithelial Domains, and the Origin of the Chordate Central Nervous System
119 Citations1994Thurston C. Lacalli
Garstang's hypothesis provides an evolutionary rationale for the restriction of Hox expression in ectoderm to neural tissue, grounds for doubting that the CNS in chordates and that of protostome invertebrates can in any way be homologous, and a starting point for exploring whether the eyes of ancestral chordates were single or paired.
Developmental BiologyConserved Anterior Boundaries of Hox Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System of the LeechHelobdella
117 Citations1997Matthew J. Kourakis, Viraj A. Master +5 more
In situ hybridization reveals that the four Hox gene homologs isolated from glossiphoniid leeches of the genus Helobdella are all expressed at high levels within the segmented portion of the central nervous system (CNS), with variable levels of expression in the segmental mesoderm.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesNumber, identity, and sequence of the Drosophila head segments as revealed by neural elements and their deletion patterns in mutants.
116 Citations1994Urs Schmidt‐Ott, Marcos González‐Gaitán +2 more
DevelopmentEquivalence of the fly <i>orthodenticle</i> gene and the human <i>OTX</i> genes in embryonic brain development of <i>Drosophila</i>
108 Citations1998Sandra Leuzinger, Frank Hirth +7 more
The rescue of highly complex brain structures in Drosophila by either fly or human orthodenticle gene homologs indicates that these genes are interchangeable between vertebrates and invertebrates and provides further evidence for an evolutionarily conserved role of the orthodENTicle gene family in brain development.
Trends in NeurosciencesBuilding a brain: developmental insights in insects
98 Citations1997Heinrich Reichert, George Boyan
There might be universal mechanisms for brain development, and that knowledge gained from Drosophila and other insects is relevant to the understanding of brain development in other more complex organisms, including man.
Brain Size in Vertebrates
88 Citations1998P.A.M. van Dongen
This chapter covers brain size in an evolutionary perspective with a starting point of course has an inherent limitation: attention is only paid to overall brain size, and not to the size of brain subsystems.
ScienceHead Segmentation in Early Cambrian <i>Fuxianhuia</i> : Implications for Arthropod Evolution
84 Citations1995Junyuan Chen, Gui-qing Zhou +2 more
The arthropod Fuxianhuia from the Chengjiang fauna displays primitive aspects of cephalic segmentation and trunk limb morphology that indicate a basal position within Euarthropoda.
Brain Behavior and EvolutionThe Forebrain of the Pacific Hagfish: A Cladistic Reconstruction of the Ancestral Craniate Forebrain; pp. 25–34
82 Citations2010Helmut Wicht, Glenn Northcutt
It is concluded that the forebrains of the earliest craniates may have been more complex than previously believed, and cladistic methodology is used to reconstruct a morphotype.
Developmental BiologyExpression of the Head GeneLox22-Otxin the LeechHelobdellaand the Origin of the Bilaterian Body Plan
72 Citations1998Ashley E.E. Bruce, Marty Shankland
It is suggested here that this head/trunk distinction is a synapomorphy of the Bilateria as a whole, and that it reflects the body plan of an early bilaterian ancestor.
Progress in NeurobiologyBasal ganglia organization in amphibians: evidence for a common pattern in tetrapods
66 Citations1998Òscar Marín, Wilhelmus J. A. J. Smeets +1 more
BioEssaysTranscription factors and head formation in vertebrates
60 Citations1997Laure Bally‐Cuif, Edoardo Boncinelli
Data indicate that Lim‐1, Otx‐2 and HNF‐3β may be involved in the same genetic pathway controlling the formation of the prechordal mesendoderm, which is subsequently required for rostral head development.
Evolution of Central Auditory Pathways in Anamniotes
60 Citations1992Catherine A. McCormick
It has been recently claimed that the evolution of the papillar endorgans, at least of anamniotes, predates the emergence of vertebrates onto land (Fritzsch 1987, Chapter 18), a view that requires us to reconsider the selective pressures that influenced the appearance of acoustic receptors.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyOrganization of the cerebral ganglion of the colonial ascidian <i>Polyandrocarpa misakiensis</i>
50 Citations1993Hiromichi Koyama, Toyokazu Kusunoki
The cortex of a budding styelid ascidian, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis, whose phylogenetic location is midway between vertebrates and invertebrates, was studied by light and electron microscopy to obtain some insight into the evolution of the central nervous system.
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyExpression of the Homeobox Genes Hox 2.1 and 2.6 During Mouse Development
38 Citations1988Anthony Graham, Peter W. H. Holland +3 more
The homeobox is a conserved DNA sequence identified within a number of Drosophila genes which regulate certain aspects of early development which suggest roles in positional specification independent of the process of segmentation.
Cell and Tissue ResearchGABA-immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Annelida)
26 Citations1996Ildikó Telkes, Mária Csoknya +4 more
The distribution of neurons immunoreactive for γ-aminobutyric acid was studied in the nervous system of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta) and postembedding immunogold electron microscopy revealed that Immunoreactive varicosities mainly contained small pleomorphic agranular synaptic vesicle and some small granular vesicles.
Springer-LehrbuchEvolution der Nervensysteme und der Sinnesorgane
6 Citations2001Gerhard Roth, Mario F. Wullimann