From fly head to mammalian forebrain: the story of otd and Otx
Trends in GeneticsPublished 1 September 1994
Robert Finkelstein, Edoardo Boncinelli
Citations213
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.93
SNIP2.86
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
These studies suggest that this domain is specified according to a genetic paradigm that is different from that governing trunk development, and are also beginning to provide insights into the structures that underlie the rostral brain.
Abstract
Many of the genes responsible for axial patterning have been conserved throughout evolution. Recent studies of invertebrates and vertebrates are extending our understanding of this molecular conservation into the anterior region of the animal embryo, including the developing brain. These studies suggest that this domain is specified according to a genetic paradigm that is different from that governing trunk development, and are also beginning to provide insights into the structures that underlie the rostral brain.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
CellHomeobox genes and axial patterning
2,695 Citations1992William McGinnis, Robb Krumlauf
Over the past seven years, the term “homeodomain” has evolved to define a class of protein domains that have recognizable similarity to a 60 amino acid motif originally recognized in three Drosophila homeotic and segmentation proteins.
NatureThe molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila
1,051 Citations1988Philip W. Ingham
Analysis of the genes that control the early events of Drosophila embryogenesis is providing details of the molecular processes underlying the positional specification of cells.
CellA gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos
1,036 Citations1988Wolfgang Driever, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
The maternal gene bicoid organizes anterior development in Drosophila and its mRNA is localized at the anterior tip of the oocyte and early embryo, distributed in an exponential concentration gradient, reaching background levels in the posterior third of the embryo.
CellExpression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates
1,017 Citations1989Nipam H. Patel, Enrique Martı́n-Blanco +5 more
It is suggested that engrailed is a gene whose ancestral function was in neurogenesis and whose function was co-opted during the evolution of segmentation in the arthropods, but not in the annelids and chordates.
CellExpression of a xenopus homolog of Brachyury (T) is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction
970 Citations1991James C. Smith, Brenda M. J. Price +3 more
This paper describes the cloning and expression of a Xenopus homolog of Brachyury, Xbra, and shows that expression of Xbra occurs as a result of mesoderm induction in Xenopus, both in Response to the natural signal and in response to the Mesoderm-inducing factors activin A and basic FGF.
DevelopmentClonal analysis of epiblast fate during germ layer formation in the mouse embryo
881 Citations1991Kirstie A. Lawson, Juanito J. Meneses +1 more
While individual cells in the epiblast sheet behave independently with respect to their neighbours, morphogenetic movement during germ layer formation is coordinated in the population as a whole and indicates that, despite geometrical differences, topological fate relationships are conserved among these vertebrates.
CellMolecular nature of Spemann's organizer: the role of the Xenopus homeobox gene goosecoid
802 Citations1991Ken W.Y. Cho, Bruce Blumberg +2 more
The results suggest that the goosecoid homeodomain protein plays a central role in executing Spemann's organizer phenomenon.
NatureNested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain
797 Citations1992Antonio Simeone, Dario Acampora +3 more
The expression domains of the four genes in the developing rostral brain of mouse embryos at a developmental stage, day 10 post coitum, seem to be continuous regions contained within each other in the sequence Emxl < Emx2 < Otxl< Otx2.
NatureThe bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo
674 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
A gradient in concentration of the protein product of the bicoid gene is a determinant of the anterior–posterior axis of Drosophila embryos, thereby translating maternal pattern-generating information into differential activation of zygotic gene expression.
CellThe gradient morphogen bicoid is a concentration-dependent transcriptional activator
670 Citations1989Gary Struhl, Kevin Struhl +1 more
It is suggested that the bcd gradient has the instructive capacity to activate other subordinate control genes by the same mechanism, each in a distinct spatial domain according to its affinity for bcd protein.
The EMBO JournalA vertebrate gene related to orthodenticle contains a homeodomain of the bicoid class and demarcates anterior neuroectoderm in the gastrulating mouse embryo.
611 Citations1993Antonio Simeone, Dario Acampora +5 more
The expression patterns of the two genes in diencephalon suggest that they both have a role in establishing the boundary between presumptive dorsal and ventral thalamus and in anterior neuroectoderm, demarcating rostral brain regions even before headfold formation.
Journal of NeuroscienceSpatially restricted expression of Dlx-1, Dlx-2 (Tes-1), Gbx-2, and Wnt- 3 in the embryonic day 12.5 mouse forebrain defines potential transverse and longitudinal segmental boundaries
576 Citations1993Alessandro Bulfone, Luis Puelles +4 more
A model for forebrain segmentation is suggested based on patterns of expression found within the dorsal thalamus for the Gbx- 2 and Wnt-3 genes, consistent with neuromeric theories of forebrain development.
CellA single amino acid can determine the DNA binding specificity of homeodomain proteins
531 Citations1989Jessica Trelsman, Pierre Gönczy +3 more
It is shown that changing a single amino acid at the C-terminus of the recognition helix is both necessary and sufficient to confer the DNA binding specificity of either Ftz or Bcd on Prd, which contains two DNA binding activities.
CellThe midline of the drosophila central nervous system: A model for the genetic analysis of cell fate, cell migration, and growth cone guidance
503 Citations1991Christian Klämbt, J. Roger Jacobs +1 more
A genetic test of this model has utilized a number of mutations that, by either eliminating or altering the differentiation of various midline cells, perturb the development of the axon commissures in a predictable fashion.
CellStructure of the segmentation gene paired and the Drosophila PRD gene set as part of a gene network
497 Citations1986Gabriella Frigerio, Maya Burri +3 more
The observed linking of gene sets through combinations of homologies coding for protein domains is consistent with a general network concept of gene action.
CellDNA specificity of the bicoid activator protein is determined by homeodomain recognition helix residue 9
487 Citations1989Steven D. Hanes, Roger Brent
This work used the gene activation phenotype in yeast to study DNA recognition by the Bicoid homeodomain and found that a single amino acid replacement at position 9 of the recognition helix was sufficient to switch the DNA specificity of the BICoid protein.
The EMBO JournalTwo vertebrate homeobox genes related to the Drosophila empty spiracles gene are expressed in the embryonic cerebral cortex.
473 Citations1992Antonio Simeone, Massimo Gulisano +4 more
Two homeobox genes, Emx1 and Emx2, related to empty spiracles, a gene expressed in very anterior body regions during early Drosophila embryogenesis, are cloned and studied their expression in mouse embryos.
NatureDetermination of spatial domains of zygotic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo by the affinity of binding sites for the bicoid morphogen
435 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Gudrun Thoma +1 more
Specific binding sites are shown to confer expression in a region of the embryo that depends on their affinity for bicoid protein: sites of high affinity allow expression further down the bicoids protein gradient than sites of low affinity.
NatureSegmental organization of embryonic diencephalon
402 Citations1993Michael C. Figdor, Claudio D. Stern
A comparison of vertebrate and arthropod development suggests that the basic principles that control anterior axial patterning and set up neuronal specificity in the embryonic central nervous system are highly conserved in evolution.
NatureOrganization of anterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo by the maternal gene bicoid
390 Citations1986Hans Georg Frohnhöfer, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
Cytoplasmic transplantation experiments reveal that bcd+-dependent activity is localized at the anterior pole of wild-type embryos and can induce anterior development in mutant embryos at any position along the antero-posterior axis.
ScienceOrganizer-Specific Homeobox Genes in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Embryos
349 Citations1991Bruce Blumberg, Christopher V.E. Wright +2 more
The dorsal blastopore lip of the early Xenopus laevis gastrula can organize a complete secondary body axis when transplanted to another embryo and the identification of four types of complementary DNAs from homeobox-containing genes that fulfill this criterion.
CellBinding affinities and cooperative interactions with bHLH activators delimit threshold responses to the dorsal gradient morphogen
328 Citations1993Jie Jiang
It is shown that low affinity dl-binding sites restrict target gene expression to the ventralmost regions (presumptive mesoderm), where there are peak levels of dl, while high affinity sites permit expression in ventrolateral regions (mesoderm and mesectoderm) containing intermediate levels of the morphogen.
NatureMediation of Drosophila head development by gap-like segmentation genes
275 Citations1990Stephen M. Cohen, Gerd Jürgens
It is reported here that three previously identified zygotic genes buttonhead, empty spiracles and orthodenticle l5–17 may behave like gap genes that mediate bed function in the embryonic head.
NatureThe orthodenticle gene is regulated by bicoid and torso and specifies Drosophila head development
261 Citations1990Robert Finklstein, Norbert Perrimon
The homeobox gene orthodenticle (otd), which is involved in head development, could be such a gene and it is reported here that otd expression responds to the activity of the maternal tor gene at the anterior pole of the embryo.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologySegment‐related, mosaic neurogenetic pattern in the forebrain and mesencephalon of early chick embryos: I. Topography of ache‐positive neuroblasts up to stage HH18
258 Citations1987Luis Puelles, José Amat +1 more
Histochemical mapping of AChE‐positive neuroblasts in sectioned and whole‐mounted preparations of the chick embryo mesencephalon and prosencephalons allows a correlation of early neural tube morphogenesis (segmentation, longitudinal compartmentation) with the heterochronic pattern of neurogenesis.
Developmental DynamicsThe cellular basis of the convergence and extension of the <i>Xenopus</i> neural plate
245 Citations1992Ray Keller, John Shih +1 more
The results establish that radial and mediolateral intercalation are the principal neural cell behaviors induced by the planar signals emanating from the dorsal involuting marginal zone in the early gastrula, and that neural induction is best analyzed and understood in terms of the dynamics of the morphogenetic processes involved.
NatureA Drosophila homologue of human Sp1 is a head-specific segmentation gene
167 Citations1993Ernst A. Wimmer, Herbert Jäckle +2 more
It is shown that btd is expressed in a stripe covering the head anlagen of the segments affected in btd lack-of-function mutants and that it encodes a zinc-finger-type transcription factor with sequence and functional similarity to the prototype mammalian transcription factor Sp1 (ref. 9).
DevelopmentExpression of <i>en</i> and <i>wg</i> in the embryonic head and brain of <i>Drosophila</i> indicates a refolded band of seven segment remnants
166 Citations1992Urs Schmidt‐Ott, Gerhard M. Technau
Evidence that the head of Drosophila consists of remnants of seven segments (4 pregnathal and 3 gnathal) all of which contribute cells to neuromeres in the central nervous system is found.
DevelopmentRegionalisation of the mouse embryonic ectoderm: allocation of prospective ectodermal tissues during gastrulation
142 Citations1989Patrick Tam
The regionalisation of cell fate in the embryonic ectoderm was studied by analyzing the distribution of graft-derived cells in the chimaeric embryo following grafting of wheat germ agglutinin--gold-labelled cells and culturing primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos.
DevelopmentThe molecular genetics of head development in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
114 Citations1991Robert Finkelstein, Norbert Perrimon
CellDown-regulation of the Drosophila morphogen bicoid by the torso receptor-mediated signal transduction cascade
114 Citations1993E. Ronch, Jessica E. Treisman +3 more
It is proposed that phosphorylation resulting from the activity of the tor signal transduction cascade down-regulates transcriptional activation by the bcd morphogen.
CellThe torso receptor protein-tyrosine kinase signaling pathway: An endless story
99 Citations1993Norbert Perrimon
The torso pathway, together with the Drosophila sevenless pathway required for photoreceptor R7 development and the C. elegans Let-23 pathway requiredfor vulva1 development, has been used genetically to dissect a receptor protein- tyrosine kinase signaling pathway.
DevelopmentDevelopmental and evolutionary implications of <i>labial, Deformed</i> and <i>engrailed</i> expression in the <i>Drosophila</i> head
88 Citations1991R J Diederich, Angela Pattatucci +1 more
It is suggested that distinct regulatory paradigms evolved for homeotic gene function in the development of the larval versus adult head, and that the clypeolabrum evolved from the fusion of paired labral appendages.
Development<i>orthodenticle</i> activity is required for the development of medial structures in the larval and adult epidermis of <i>Drosophila</i>
76 Citations1992Eric Wieschaus, Norbert Perrimon +1 more
Clonal analysis of both viable and lethal alleles shows that the adult requirement for otd is restricted to medial regions of certain discs, suggesting that the otd gene product is required to specify medial cell fates in both the larval and adult epidermis.
Mechanisms of DevelopmentRegional expression of the Wnt-3 gene in the developing mouse forebrain in relationship to diencephalic neuromeres
74 Citations1992Patricia C. Salinas, Roel Nusse
The results suggest that Wnt-3 and Dlx-1 provide positional information for the regional specification of neuromeres in the forebrain, and the continued expression of these genes in the adult mouse brain suggests a distinct role in the mature CNS.