Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Articular Cartilage. Part II
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryPublished 1 April 1997
Joseph A. Buckwalter, H J Mankin
Citations752
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.67
SNIP1.95
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The view that adult articular cartilage is an inert bearing surface, like high-density polyethylene or metal, and that degeneration of the articular surface with age is the result of mechanical wear with inevitable, irreversible loss of structure and mechanical performance resulting from joint use is supported.
Abstract
BUCKWALTER, J. A. M.D.‡, IOWA CITY, IOWA; MANKIN, H. J. M.D.§, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Author Information
Keywords
Medicine
New England Journal of MedicineTreatment of Deep Cartilage Defects in the Knee with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation
5,507 Citations1994Mats Brittberg, Anders Lindahl +4 more
Cultured autologous chondrocytes can be used to repair deep cartilage defects in the femorotibial articular surface of the knee joint.
Biochemical and Metabolic Abnormalities in Articular Cartilage from Osteo-arthritic Human Hips. II: Correlation of Morphology with Biochemical and Metabolic Data
1,844 Citations2013Charalambos Panayiotou Charalambous
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryMesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.
1,617 Citations1994Shigeyuki Wakitani, Tatsuhiko Goto +5 more
As demonstrated in this report, autologous, bone-marrow-derived, osteochondral progenitor cells can be isolated and grown in vitro without the loss of their capacity to differentiate into cartilage or bone.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryCell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.
1,253 Citations1993Frederic Shapiro, Shinji Koide +1 more
The origin and differentiation of cells in the repair of three-millimeter-diameter, cylindrical, full-thickness drilled defects of articular cartilage were studied histologically in New Zealand White rabbits to demonstrate their origin from the primitive mesenchymal cells of the marrow.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryBiochemical and Metabolic Abnormalities in Articular Cartilage from Osteo-Arthritic Human Hips
851 Citations1970Henry J. Mankin, Louis Lippiello
Articular cartilage of the proximal end of the femur from patients with osteo-arthritis and "normal" controls with fractures of neck of femur was obtained at the time of surgical replacement of the Femoral head.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe biological effect of continuous passive motion on the healing of full-thickness defects in articular cartilage. An experimental investigation in the rabbit.
846 Citations1980Robert B. Salter, D F Simmonds +4 more
The Biological Effect of Continuous Passive Motion on the Healing of Full-Thickness Defects in Articular Cartilage. An Experimental Investigation in the Rabbit
827 Citations2013Alun Wall, Tim Board
The metaplasia of the healing tissue within the defects from undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue to hyaline articular cartilage was not only much more rapid but also much more complete with continuous passive motion than with either immobilization or intermittent active motion.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryProximal tibial osteotomy. A critical long-term study of eighty-seven cases.
723 Citations1993M B Coventry, D M Ilstrup +1 more
There is a considerable risk of failure of a proximal tibial osteotomy if the alignment is not overcorrected to at least 8 degrees of valgus angulation and if the patient is substantially overweight.
PubMedChondrocyte apoptosis induced by nitric oxide.
629 Citations1995Francisco J. Blanco, Robert Ochs +2 more
It is suggested that NO, but not oxygen radicals, is the primary inducer of apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryHigh tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis. A long-term follow-up study.
624 Citations1984John N. Insall, David Joseph +1 more
Evaluated patients who had had a high tibial osteotomy for either unicompartmental osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis believe that total knee arthroplasty is a more suitable operation for patients who are more than sixty years old and that high tibia osteotomy should be reserved for Patients who have a strenuous occupation or who wish to continue to participate in sports activities.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryRepair of Partial-Thickness Defects in Articular Cartilage
620 Citations1996Ernst B. Hunziker, Lawrence Rosenberg
The procedure for evoking the ingrowth of mesenchymal cells from the synovial membrane into partial-thickness defects, where they lay down a loose fibrous connective tissue, is described.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryDurability of regenerated articular cartilage produced by free autogenous periosteal grafts in major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the influence of continuous passive motion. A follow-up report at one year.
582 Citations1988Shawn W. O’Driscoll, F. W. Keeley +1 more
An autogenous graft of tibial periosteum was sutured to the base of a five by ten-millimeter full-thickness defect in the patellar groove of each of forty-five adolescent rabbits to analyzed macroscopically, histologically, histochemically, and biochemically one year postoperatively.
Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related SurgeryArthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty historical and pathologic perspective: Present status
530 Citations1986Lanny L. Johnson
Arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty is a modification of open Magnusson "housecleaning" arthroPLasty that decreases incision size enhancing postoperative rehabilitation and improves accuracy of diagnosis and accuracy of limiting debridement only to diseased tissue in various other dimensions of arthro Plasty.
PubMedEstimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States.
504 Citations1989Reva C. Lawrence, Marc C. Hochberg +5 more
Prevalence in the United States is reported on prevalence rather than incidence because of the difficulty in defining the point of onset and because primary national data sources currently available are concerned with disease prevalence.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone
474 Citations1976Nia S. Mitchell, N Shepard
The repair of articular cartilage removed from the femora of adult rabbits at the knee was studied, and by twelve months there was complete resurfacing of the joint, although the material lost its hyaline appearance after eight months and at one year it resembled dense collagenous tissue.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeRepair of rabbit articular surfaces with allograft chondrocytes embedded in collagen gel
462 Citations1989Shigeyuki Wakitani, Tomoatsu Kimura +6 more
Allogenic transplantation of isolated chondrocytes embedded in collagen gel appears to be one of the most promising methods for the restoration of articular cartilage.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeLow tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Results of a new operation in 18 patients
447 Citations1995Yoshinori Takakura, Yasuhito Tanaka +2 more
It is concluded that slight overcorrection of deformity by low tibial osteotomy is effective in treating intermediate-stage primary osteoarthritis of the ankle.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchRabbit Articular Cartilage Defects Treated With Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes
440 Citations1996Mats Brittberg, Anders Nilsson +3 more
It is shown that isolated autologous articular chondrocytes that have been expanded for 2 weeks in vitro can stimulate the healing phase of chondral lesions and cause a gradual maturation of the hyalinelike repair as late as 1 year after surgery.
Journal of Orthopaedic Research®Relationship between lower limb dynamics and knee joint pain
418 Citations1991Eric L. Radin, King H. Yang +3 more
This sequence of events represents repetitive impulsive loading, which consistently provoked osteoarthrosis in animal experiments, and is referred to as micro‐incoordination of neuromuscular control not visible to the naked eye as “microklutziness.”
Acta Orthopaedica ScandinavicaThe long-term prognosis for severe damage to weight-bearing cartilage in the knee: A 14-year clinical and radiographic follow-up in 28 young athletes
416 Citations1996Karola Messner, Wolfgang Maletius
28 young athletes with isolated severe chondral damage in the weight-bearing area of the knee joint clinically and radiographically 14 years after arthroscopic diagnosis and during the follow-up period, 22 patients had excellent or good knee function.
Journal of Orthopaedic Research®Effects of mechanical loading on the tissues of the rabbit knee
401 Citations1984Eric L. Radin, R. Bruce Martin +4 more
Changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage in an animal model of osteoarthrosis preceded changes in content and characterization of cartilage proteoglycans or increased chondrocyte activity as manifested by incorporation of radioactive sulfate.
Journal of Biomedical Materials ResearchJoint resurfacing using allograft chondrocytes and synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds
379 Citations1994Lisa E. Freed, Daniel A. Grande +4 more
Six month repair was qualitatively better for cell-PGA allografts than for PGA alone, with respect to: 1) surface smoothness, 2) columnar alignment of chondrocytes, 3) spatially uniform GAG distribution, 4) reconstitution of the subchondral plate, and 5) bonding of the repair tissue to the underlying bone.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Reaction of Articular Cartilage to Injury and Osteoarthritis
379 Citations1974Henry J. Mankin
Alterations in Cartilage in Osteoarthritis The morphologic changes in joints affected by osteoarth arthritis were identified in writings of the Hunter brothers over 200 years ago.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Reaction of Articular Cartilage to Injury and Osteoarthritis
362 Citations1974Henry J. Mankin
PubMedTransforming growth factor-beta 1 stimulates articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and induces osteophyte formation in the murine knee joint.
358 Citations1994Henk M. van Beuningen, P.M. van der Kraan +2 more
It is indicated that TGF-beta 1 injection into a normal joint induces inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, osteophyte formation, and prolonged elevation of proteoglycan synthesis and content in articular cartilage.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumePerichondral grafting for cartilage lesions of the knee
344 Citations1990Homminga Gn, S. K. Bulstra +2 more
It is concluded that in most cases perichondral arthroplasty of cartilage defects of the knee gives excellent results.
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeonsRestoration of Injured or Degenerated Articular Cartilage
324 Citations1994Joseph A. Buckwalter, Van C. Mow +1 more
Results from research on joint immobilization and cartilage atrophy are sufficiently encouraging to suggest that repair of the degenerating articular cartilage may be possible in the future.
Journal of Orthopaedic Research®Chondrocyte‐fibrin matrix transplants for resurfacing extensive articular cartilage defects
290 Citations1994Dean A. Hendrickson, Alan J. Nixon +5 more
This resurfacing attempt with use of allograft chondrocytes, secured in large full‐thickness articular defects with polymerized fibrin, resulted in an improved cartilage surface in comparison with the control defects, a significantly greater aggrecan level, and a significantly higher proportion of type‐II collagen.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe viability of articular cartilage in fresh osteochondral allografts after clinical transplantation.
286 Citations1990Andrei A. Czitrom, Shane Keating +1 more
The articular cartilage of four fresh osteochondral allografts was biopsied after transplantation, and its viability was studied by autoradiography.
PubMedExcess of metalloproteases over tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease may contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
266 Citations1994Johanne Martel‐Pelletier, R. W. McCollum +4 more
It is demonstrated that stromelysin-1 is the predominant metalloprotease synthesized in human articular cartilage and that both TIMP-1 and TimP-2 are present in this tissue.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonVI. Of the structure and diseases of articulating cartilages
263 Citations1743William Hunter
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryResurfacing of the knee with fresh osteochondral allograft.
260 Citations1989Marvin H. Meyers, Wayne H. Akeson +1 more
Transplantation of a fresh osteochondral allograft proved to be a satisfactory intermediate procedure for the treatment of the disabling conditions, except unicompartmental traumatic arthritis, in the young patients in this series.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchThe Transplantation of an Autogeneic Osteochondral Fragment for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
258 Citations1985Fumiharu Yamashita, K Sakakida +2 more
Osteochondritis dissecans in two adults with a large osteochondral defect on the weight-bearing surface was treated by transplantation of an autogeneic osteochondrals fragment that had a full range of motion two years and three months later; the other three years later.
Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related SurgeryThe arthroscopic treatment of unicompartmental gonarthrosis: A five‐year follow‐up study of abrasion arthroplasty plus arthroscopic debridement and arthroscopic debridement alone
256 Citations1989Jack M. Bert, Karen Maschka
A retrospective review with a mean follow-up time of 60 months was performed on 126 patients who had treatment of unicompartmental gonarthrosis with either abrasion arthroplasty plus arthroscopic debridement or arthro scopic debridgeement alone.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryThe use of a lateral patellar autologous graft for the repair of a large osteochondral defect in the knee.
256 Citations1995H. K. Outerbridge, A R Outerbridge +1 more
An autologous graft from the lateral facet of the patella was used to repair a large osteochondral defect of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral condyle in ten patients who were then followed for an average of six and one-half years.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineThe expression and regulation of nitric oxide synthase in human osteoarthritis-affected chondrocytes: evidence for up-regulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
254 Citations1995A. R. Amin, Paul E. Di Cesare +6 more
The data indicate that OA-NOS (based on immunoreactivity and molecular weight) is similar to ncNOS and that it releases nitric oxide, which may contribute to the inflammation and pathogenesis of cartilage destruction in OA.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchFresh Osteochondral Allografts for Treatment of Articular Defects in Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Lateral Femoral Condyle in Adults
246 Citations1994John Garrett
Fresh osteochondral allografts were used to patch defects in the lateral femoral condyle in 17 patients with osteochondritis dissecans, finding 16 of 17 grafts were a success at two to nine years after surgery.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationCollagen synthesis in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage.
243 Citations1977Louis Lippiello, David Hall +1 more
The data suggest that collagen synthesis in these tissues is substantially greater than in nonosteoarthritic tissues and varies directly with the severity of the disease process up to a point and then varies inversely as the lesion becomes more severe.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgerySoft-tissue aging and musculoskeletal function.
242 Citations1993Joseph A. Buckwalter, Savio L‐Y. Woo +5 more
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeFresh osteochondral allografts for post-traumatic defects in the knee. A survivorship analysis
240 Citations1992RJ Beaver, M. N. Mahomed +4 more
Fresh osteochondral allografts were used to repair post-traumatic osteoarticular defects in 92 knees and there was a 75% success rate at five years, 64% at ten years and 63% at 14 years, while the results in patients over the age of 60 years were poor.
Arthritis & RheumatismA randomized, controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery versus closed‐needle joint lavage for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
234 Citations1993Rowland W. Chang, Judith Falconer +4 more
The search for and removal of soft tissue abnormalities via arthroscopic surgery does not appear justified for all patients with non-end-stage OA of the knee who fail to respond to conservative therapy, but it may be beneficial for certain subgroups.
Arthritis & RheumatismResponse of Joints to Impact Loading. I. In Vitro Wear
226 Citations1971Eric L. Radin, Igor L. Paul
Bovine joints were oscillated under the maximum possible static load in a device which measured their coefficients of fraction while the joints were running, and cartilage wear became rapid and was easily discernible when periodic impact loading was added.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchThe Repair of Major Osteochondral Defects in Joint Surfaces by Neochondrogenesis with Autogenous Osteoperiosteal Grafts Stimulated by Continuous Passive Motion
215 Citations1986Shawn W. O’Driscoll, Robert B. Salter
This investigation found that hyaline cartilage was the predominant tissue in only 10% of the defects in the Imm, IAM, and control groups, compared with 70% in the CPM group (p < .025).
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryWater content and binding in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage
214 Citations1975H J Mankin, AZ Thrasher
Water binding in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage slices from human femoral heads was studied using tritiated water to measure the water binding after short exposure, total water content, and avidity with which water is held.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchArthroscopic Debridement of the Arthritic Knee
209 Citations1990Michael R. Baumgaertner, W. Dilworth Cannon +3 more
Surgery offered no benefit for 39% of the patients, and symptoms of long duration, arthritic severity as evidenced by roentgenograms, and malalignment predicted poor results, but shorter duration of symptoms, mechanical symptoms, mild to moderate roentgenic changes, and crystal deposition correlated with improved results.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryBiochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteoarthritic human hips. III. Distribution and metabolism of amino sugar-containing macromolecules.
207 Citations1981Marco Rizzo, Peter J. Stern +1 more
Three experiments were performed in which the distribution and rates of synthesis of amino sugar-containing macromolecules in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage from the human femoral head were assessed by biochemical analysis and studies of the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine and 35SO4.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchPreliminary Results with Abrasion Arthroplasty in the Osteoarthritic Knee
206 Citations1984Marc J. Friedman, Carl C. Berasi +4 more
Tentative results in this small series of patients treated by abrasion arthroplasty are encouraging, and further investigations in a larger series are warranted to determine the long-term results of the procedure.
The American Journal of Sports MedicineChondral Delamination of the Knee in Soccer Players
199 Citations1996Andrew Levy, John Lohnes +3 more
The early functional results of this treatment compare favorably with the autologous transplantation technique, and caution is needed when treating articular cartilage injuries be cause no long-term data exists on whether any treat ment modality can prevent the development of degenerative joint disease.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchProximal Tibial Osteotomy
198 Citations1988Larry S. Matthews, Steven A. Goldstein +3 more
Obesity, advanced age, and postoperative overcorrection or undercorrection resulted in short durations of successful function in patients treated with high tibial osteotomy for arthritis with angular deformity.
Acta Orthopaedica ScandinavicaCartilage repair: A critical review
182 Citations1996Karola Messner, Jan Gillquist
Osteoarthritis and CartilageChondrocyte-laden collagen scaffolds for resurfacing extensive articular cartilage defects
177 Citations1995Andrew E. Sams, Alan J. Nixon
Chondrocyte-collagen grafts were arthroscopically implanted and resulted in improved cartilage healing in extensive defects, however, the structural organization of the surface layers was inadequate and suggested poor long-term durability.
Journal of Orthopaedic Research®Chondrocyte survival in cryopreserved osteochondral articular cartilage
174 Citations1996Christian Ohlendorf, William W. Tomford +1 more
Under the conditions employed in this study, chondrocyte survival in a cryopreserved osteochondral allograft appears to be limited to the superficial layer of the articula cartilage.
Journal of Bone and Mineral ResearchMitogenic responsiveness of human bone cells in vitro to hormones and growth factors decreases with age
173 Citations1993Johannes Pfeilschifter, Ingo Diel +4 more
The findings suggest that bone loss with aging may be partially due to a decreased capacity of osteoblasts to proliferate in response to systemic or locally released osteotropic factors.
Arthritis & RheumatismLarge and small proteoglycans of osteoarthritic and rheumatoid articular cartilage
172 Citations1995Gabriella Cs‐Szabó, Peter J. Roughley +2 more
There is extensive degradation of both large and small PGs in diseased cartilages, but a repair process does exist, especially in OA cartilage.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchFactors Influencing Long-Term Results in High Tibial Osteotomy
170 Citations1991ARNOLD T. BERMAN, S J Bosacco +2 more
A confirmatory, retrospective study of 35 patients with 39 high tibial osteotomies with an average follow-up study of 8.5 years finds that patients with favorable results were usually younger than 60 years of age, and had less than 12 degrees of angular deformity, pure unicompartmental disease, ligamentous stability, and a preoperative range of motion are of at least 90 degrees.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchUse of Cultured Embryonal Chick Epiphyseal Chondrocytes as Grafts for Defects in Chick Articular Cartilage
168 Citations1987S. Itay, A. Abramovici +1 more
Full-thickness defects in articular cartilage were repaired with cultured homologous embryonic chick epiphyseal chondrocytes embedded in a biological resorbable immobilization vehicle (BRIV) and the resulting cartilage was structurally reorganized according to the host pattern and under the influence of multitudinous environmental conditions.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeCan Ilizarov joint distraction delay the need for an arthrodesis of the ankle? A preliminary report
166 Citations1995A A van Valburg, P M van Roermund +5 more
Levels very similar to those reported to improve osteoarthritic cartilage when applied in vitro are found, which may be produced by the absence of mechanical stress on the cartilage combined with the intra-articular hydrostatic pressures during distraction.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchResurfacing of Goat Articular Cartilage by Chondrocytes Derived From Bone Marrow
162 Citations1996Miriam Butnariu-Ephrat, Dror Robinson +3 more
Autogeneic mesenchymal cells derived from a bone marrow aspiration are the best cell source and when embedded in hyaluronic acid based adhesive glue make an excellent cartilaginous implant.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchFresh Small-Fragment Osteochondral Allografts
154 Citations1985A. G. P. MCDERMOTT, F Länger +2 more
Of 100 patients receiving fresh osteochondral fragment allografts, 95 had replacement of the weight-bearing portion of the knee and the overall results were not encouraging for patients with osteoarthritis or spontaneous osteonecrosis.
PubMedFibronectin fragments in osteoarthritic synovial fluid.
144 Citations1992Dong‐Lin Xie, Ross O. Meyers +1 more
The presence of fibronectin fragments suggests pathologic consequences in arthritis, and concentrations of at least 1 microM of 100 to 200 kDa fragments were found in all OA fluids examined.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeBiological resurfacing of full-thickness defects in patellar articular cartilage of the rabbit. Investigation of autogenous periosteal grafts subjected to continuous passive motion
142 Citations1992ME Moran, Harry K.W. Kim +1 more
The quality of neochondrogenesis produced by periosteal grafts was superior to that in ungrafted defects (p less than 0.05) and the results in continuous passive motion treated animals were superior to those in intermittent active motiontreated animals.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchArthroscopic Debridement for Degenerative Knee Joint Disease
135 Citations1981Norman F. Sprague
A series of 77 knees in 72 patients, ages ranging from 24 to 78 years (mean, 56 years), with moderate or severe degenerative arthritis, were treated by percutaneous debridement of the joint under arthroscopic visualization, with good or fair result.
Acta Orthopaedica ScandinavicaReconstruction of the patellar articulation with periosteal grafts: 4-year follow-up of 13 cases
132 Citations1990Veijo E. J. Hoikkai, H. Jaroma +1 more
Reconstruction of the damaged articular surface of the patellar articulation with free periosteal grafts was performed in 13 patients who had not responded to previous treatment, and a good result was obtained in 8 patients and a fair result in 4 others.
The Journal Of Hand SurgeryPerichondrial resurfacing arthroplasty in the hand
129 Citations1984Houshang Seradge, J. Kutz +4 more
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchResurfacing of the Femoral Head with Fresh Osteochondral Allografts Long-term Results
129 Citations1985Marvin H. Meyers
The allograft resurfacing procedure seems to be a successful intermediate alternative operation in young patients with avascular necrosis and segmental collapse of the head of the femur.
The American Journal of Sports MedicineArthroscopic Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
128 Citations1996J. Bruce Moseley, Nelda P. Wray +3 more
There may be a significant placebo effect for arthroscopic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, according to patients who received the placebo surgery, and they thought that the procedure was worthwhile and would recommend it to family and friends.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchFresh Osteochondral Allografting of the Femoral Condyle
125 Citations1991F. Richard Convery, Marvin H. Meyers +1 more
PubMedDifferential expression of collagen types I, II, III, and X in human osteophytes.
125 Citations1995Thomas Aigner, Uwe Dietz +2 more
The results show that discrete stages of cartilage differentiation can be precisely followed in osteophytes using collagen type-specific cDNA probes and Ab as markers.
Acta Orthopaedica ScandinavicaGlued periosteal grafts in the knee
123 Citations1985Bent Niedermann, Svend Boe +2 more
Periosteal grafting was performed in 4 patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle and 1 patient with osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral Condyle following prednisone therapy.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchArticulated Distraction of the Hip Conservative Surgery for Arthritis in Young Patients
123 Citations1994Roberto Aldegheri, G. Trivella +1 more
Between 1979 and 1982, 80 patients with a variety of hip diseases were treated with articulated distraction of the hip with good results in the 59 patients younger than 45 years with osteoarthrosis, hip dysplasia, avascular necrosis, and chondrolysis.
The American Journal of Sports MedicineThe Effect of Partial Meniscectomy on the Long-Term Prognosis of Knees with Localized, Severe Chondral Damage
123 Citations1996Wolfgang Maletius, Karola Messner
Patients who had partial meniscectomy, va rus knee alignment at the follow-up evaluation, and age older than 30 years at the time of the operation were associated with a higher incidence of osteoarthritis.
BiomaterialsHealing of chondral and osteochondral defects in a canine model: the role of cultured chondrocytes in regeneration of articular cartilage
121 Citations1996Sonya Shortkroff, Leesa M. Barone +9 more
The relatively early expression of cartilage specific markers by the implanted chondrocytes, coupled with the inability of untreated chondral defects to repair or regenerate, demonstrates the utility of the canine model in evaluating novel materials for cartilage repair and regeneration.
Calcified Tissue InternationalRegenerating hyaline cartilage in articular defects of old chickens using implants of embryonal chick chondrocytes embedded in a new natural delivery substance
117 Citations1990Dror Robinson, Nachum Halperin +1 more
The results indicate that aged chicken cartilage and its accompanying thin and spongy osteoporotic bone offer a favorable host environment for embryonal cell implants.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeArthroscopic lavage of osteoarthritic knees
114 Citations1991PJ Livesley, Michael Doherty +2 more
There was better relief of pain in the lavage group, and the effect was still present at one year, and an improvement in the signs of inflammation lasted for about three months.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryLate osteochondral allograft resurfacing for tibial plateau fractures.
112 Citations1984R. C. LOCHT, Allan E. Gross +1 more
Seventeen patients in whom secondary degenerative arthritis developed after a tibial plateau fracture underwent osteochondral allograft resurfacing of the involved plateau, and the results were encouraging.
BiomaterialsSynthetic implants for the repair of osteochondral defects of the medial femoral condyle: A biomechanical and histological evaluation in the rabbit knee
109 Citations1993Karola Messner, Jan Gillquist
It is concluded that none of the biological resurfacing techniques described achieved normal articular cartilage characteristics at 3 months, although the compliance of the repair site was closer to normal with synthetic than with periosteal grafting.
OrthopedicsTHE LONG-TERM SUCCESS OF FRESH, SMALL FRAGMENT OSTEOCHONDRAL ALLOGRAFTS USED FOR INTRAARTICULAR POST-TRAUMATIC DEFECTS IN THE KNEE JOINT
107 Citations1992M. N. Mahomed, R.J. Beaver +1 more
The best indication for the use of unipolar fresh osteochondral allografts is for posttraumatic defects in relatively young, active patients, and joint malalignment should be corrected to achieve best results.
PubMedIntraarticular injection of fibronectin fragments causes severe depletion of cartilage proteoglycans in vivo.
107 Citations1993Gene A. Homandberg, Ross O. Meyers +1 more
The results suggest that this Fn-f/damage model may be useful for generating cartilage damage in vivo for other studies and consistent with the notion that Fn-F mediated damage may occur in vivo.
Journal of Orthopaedic Research®Swelling and fibronectin accumulation in articular cartilage explants after cyclical impact
106 Citations1996Tony Farquhar, Yang Xia +5 more
It is suggested that the physical strength of normal cartilage limits its ability to withstand cyclical impact, and ion‐induced swelling in 0.01 M NaCl and self‐diffusion of water in the deeper zones of the explant were increased, consistent with changes in structure at the molecular level.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchCartilage Regeneration After Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Medial Gonarthrosis
106 Citations1992Sten Odenbring, Niels Egund +3 more
High tibial osteotomy for medial gonarthrosis was performed in 28 patients and the main repair feature was proliferation of fibrocartilage, which covered bone and areas of fibrillated cartilage and filled vertical clefts in hyaline cartilage.
BoneOsteoblasts and osteoclasts in adult human osteophyte tissue express the mRNAs for insulin-like growth factors I and II and the type 1 IGF receptor
105 Citations1995J. Middleton, Nighat Arnott +2 more
Results support the hypothesis that locally produced IGFs are important regulators of bone formation and suggest that IGFs may be involved in the maintenance of the mature osteoblast phenotype rather than in inducing the differentiation of marrow precursors or controlling the osteOBlast-osteocyte transition.
PubMedActivity vs. rest in the treatment of bone, soft tissue and joint injuries.
103 Citations1995Joseph A. Buckwalter
Experimental studies of the last several decades generally support Lucas-Championneir, and confirm and help explain the deleterious effects of prolonged rest and the beneficial effects of activity on the musculoskeletal tissues.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchOsteoarticular Allografts to Treat Distal Femoral Osteonecrosis
103 Citations1994John M. Flynn, Dempsey S. Springfield +1 more
Use of frozen allografts allows time for thorough testing for viral and bacterial infections, is more practical, and the allografteds are available for use in elective surgery.
Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North AmericaROLE OF ABRASION ARTHROPLASTY AND DEBRIDEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE
98 Citations1993Jack M. Bert
The role of arthroscopic debridement for the treatment of degenerative arthritis of the knee and the role of abrasion arthroplasty are defined.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeThe surgical treatment of chondromalacia patellae
98 Citations1978G. Bentley
Patellar tendon transfer is recommended in adolescents and athletes with Grade I, II or III changes in the patellar cartilage and patellectomy is the treatment of choice in adults over twenty years of age with Grade II changes cartilage excision and drilling.
Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryPerichondrial Arthroplasty
98 Citations1980Ove Engkvist, Sune Johansson
26 patients with painful and/or rigid small joints of the extremities have undergone surgery by a new arthroplasty method, utilizing the cartilaginous potential of the perichondrium demonstrated earlier in animal experiments, and results indicate that it is possible to restore joint function using free autologousperichondrial grafts from the rib.
Annals of the Rheumatic DiseasesUpregulation of insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in the lesions of osteoarthritic human articular cartilage.
91 Citations1992J. Middleton, Jenny A. Tyler
Raised levels of IGF-I message in osteoarthritic chondrocytes may represent an attempt at increased matrix repair, operating by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
The American Journal of MedicineNew Perspectives on Osteoarthritis
85 Citations1996Chester V. Oddis
The management of OA should include physical medicine measures such as heat or cold therapy and environmental measures, such as reducing chair height and using shoe orthotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are superior to analgesics in terms of symptomatic relief; studies indicate that they are not.
Orthopedic Clinics of North AmericaOsteochondral Allografts in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Knee
83 Citations1985Omar Bayne, F. M. Hanger +3 more
The patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee requiring surgery were elderly and generally had late stage IV disease, and seemed to do better with osteotomy and debridement than with osteochondral allograft replacement because they could not tolerate restricted weight bearing.
Annals of the Rheumatic DiseasesCathepsin B in osteoarthritis: cytochemical and histochemical analysis of human femoral head cartilage.
77 Citations1995Antonio Baici, A Lang +3 more
The presence and the particular distribution of active cathepsin B in OA cartilage at 'more involved' sites suggest a pathological role for this enzyme in sustaining and perpetuating cartilage degradation.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchRepair of Osteochondral Defects With Grafts of Cultured Chondrocytes
75 Citations1994Takashi Noguchi, Masanori Oka +3 more
Control defects that had been implanted with only collagen gel did not heal successfully and there was no significant difference in the success rate between the isografted and allografted groups.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeAutogenous patella as replacement for a resected femoral or tibial condyle. A report on 19 cases
74 Citations1985Mario Campanacci, C Cervellati +1 more
It is shown that consolidation and revascularisation of a patellar graft can occur in the absence of a pedicle, and the technique described does not need an allograft bank, has a lower risk of infection, and allows better and quicker consolidation and revisionisation of the grafts.
The American Journal of Sports MedicineShort-Term Effects of Knee Washout for Osteoarth ritis
72 Citations1995Richard H. Edelson, Robert T. Burks +1 more
The value of a fluid washout in an arthritic knee for some patients is confirmed and may explain some of the symptom relief seen with arthroscopic procedures in this condition.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeArthroscopic lavage and debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee
70 Citations1992JN Alastair Gibson, MD White +2 more
There was some improvement in quadriceps isokinetic torque at six and 12 weeks after joint lavage but not after debridement, and neither method significantly relieved the patients' symptoms.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeBiological response to woven carbon fibre pads in the knee. A clinical and experimental study
68 Citations1990D. S. Muckle, R.J. Minns
Initial experiments indicate that carbon pads may provide a satisfactory treatment for localised articular defects in animals and in patients.
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryOsteoarthritis of the hip treated by intertrochanteric osteotomy. A long-term follow-up.
68 Citations1984Astor Reigstad, T Grønmark
The investigation showed that the clinical effect of an intertrochanteric osteotomy is unpredictable and not as long-lasting as was previously believed, and the operation should be carried out only in younger patients, as the pain relief and functional results compare unfavorably with those of total hip replacement.
The American Journal of Sports MedicineThe repair of osteochondral defects using an exogenous fibrin clot
64 Citations1992George A. Paletta, Steven P. Arnoczky +1 more
In the 2, 4, and 8-week animals, the experimental defects (both loaded and unloaded) dem onstrated a more organized and advanced healing re sponse than did the control defects, but this difference was less pronounced in the 12- and 24- week animals.
PubMedPrevalence of cartilage shards in synovium and their association with synovitis in patients with early and endstage osteoarthritis.
62 Citations1992Stephen L. Myers, Daniel Flusser +2 more
Examination of the prevalence with which fragments of cartilage are seen in synovium, and their association with synovitis, in patients with endstage OA and early OA of the knee found no topographic relationship was found between shards and mononuclear cell infiltration.
Seminars in Arthritis and RheumatismFibronectin, cartilage, and osteoarthritis
58 Citations1993Xavier Chevalier
It is not yet clearly understood whether the early increased synthesis of fibronectin in OA acts as an "agent" in an attempt to repair cartilage by the chondrocytes or whether it acts as a deleterious "agent."
Journal of Bone and Joint SurgeryEditorial - Restoration of the Osteoarthrotic Joint
58 Citations1996Henry J. Mankin, Joseph A. Buckwalter
Resection of degenerated joints and replacement of these joints with implants fabricated from polyethylene, metal, or another synthetic material predictably relieves pain and improves function but these procedures have important limitations, especially for young, active patients.
…