7. Biochemical markers of nutrient intake
Published 24 April 1997
Chris Bates, David I. Thurnham, Sheila Bingham, Barrie Margetts, Michael Nelson
Citations130
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Abstract
Abstract This chapter takes a look at the utility of biochemical measurements in different body tissues for estimating dietary exposures (as opposed to the determination of nutritional status). Validity (accuracy) and reproducibility (precision) are defined in relation to biomarkers in light of natural variations in physiological levels within and between individuals. Definitions are given of measures of nutrients in blood, urine, and other tissues, and compartments (e.g., hair, saliva, adipose tissue, finger nails, toe nails), and the feasibility of predicting intake from each measure. The chapter then describes relevant measures, nutrient by nutrient, for vitamins, minerals, lipids, protein, and energy, and the problems relating to dietary fibre.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyNursing
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79 Citations1990WJ Vermaak, JB Ubbink +4 more
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65 Citations1979Chris Bates, I. H. E. Rutishauser +4 more
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65 Citations1977B Steen, B Isaksson +1 more
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62 Citations1982F. L. Iber, JR Blass +2 more
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60 Citations1995Sarah L. Booth, Lori J. Sokoll +4 more
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59 Citations1987F M Sacks, Ian Rouse +4 more
Replacing dietary saturated fat with carbohydrate or with linoleic acid does not affect BP in subjects with mild hypertension, and there were no significant differences in BP measured in the clinic or at home among the three dietary periods.
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57 Citations1995Marisa Porrini, M. G. Gentile +1 more
The data obtained seem to prove the validity of the FFQ in defining eating patterns in terms of some nutrients, but not vitamins, at least as far as non-supplemented subjects are concerned.
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The average Na/K and Na/creatinine ratios calculated from multiple, timed overnight urine specimens deserve some attention in future research, and suggestions given can only help to partially solve the problem.
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55 Citations1989Janet C. King, Judith R. Turnlund
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53 Citations1971Mervyn A. Sahud
Platelet levels of ascorbic acid more accurately reflect tissue stores than plasma levels, and it appears that a high dosage of aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with tissue asCorbic-acid depletion.
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52 Citations1990David I. Thurnham
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48 Citations1987H.‐U. Melchert, N Limsathayourat +4 more
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46 Citations1980D. Hornig, J. P. Vuilleumier +1 more
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46 Citations1989M. R. Clements
In the absence of adequate vitamin D from sunlight, the low-calcium, high cereal intake of the UK Asian population may induce a state of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism which enhances the destruction of vitamin D and leads to a progressive reduction in vitamin D status and, ultimately, to the development of clinical rickets.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVitamin A deficiency and its role in infection
44 Citations1989David I. Thurnham
Une supplementation est utile non seulement pour diminuer la xerophtalmie, mais aussi la mortalite par maladies infectieuses.
Nutrition ResearchVitamin A inadequacy in socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant Iowan women as assessed by the modified relative dose response (MRDR) test
44 Citations1995Pamela K. Duitsman, Laura Cook +2 more
A portion of the U.S. population is identified at high risk of vitamin A inadequacy, with the Hispanic and Afro-American groups seemed to be most at risk.
BMJInfluence of dietary linoleic acid on leucocyte sodium transport and blood pressure.
44 Citations1986Anthony M. Heagerty, Jeremy D. Ollerenshaw +3 more
Dietary supplementation with linoleic acid may alter ion fluxes across the cell membrane, presumably through changes in its physicochemical structure, and the change in fat intake may lower blood pressure, though to only a very modest extent.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionPlasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentration and dietary vitamin B-6 intake in free-living, low-income elderly people
43 Citations1989Melinda M. Manore, Linda A. Vaughan +2 more
It is suggested that low vitamin B-6 status is prevalent in low-income, elderly persons, especially those with multiple health problems, and could be attributed to low dietary vitaminB-6 intakes and/or the presence of health problems reported to alter vitamin B -6 status.
Journal of NutritionExcretion of Thiamine and its Metabolites in the Urine of Young Adult Males Receiving Restricted Intakes of the Vitamin
43 Citations1965Z.Z. Ziporin, WILLIAM T. NUNES +3 more
Thiamine excreted in the urine decreased to less than 50 micrograms/day at the sixth day to the undetectable levels by the eighteenth day of depletion, and the pyrimidine moiety in the deficient individual appears to be further catabolized.
PubMedRenal handling of magnesium: drug and hormone interactions.
41 Citations1986Quamme Ga
Present evidence suggests that the renal handling of magnesium is normally a filtration-re absorption process, and the loop of Henle appears to be the major nephron site where magnesium reabsorption is controlled.
ILSI human nutrition reviewsDietary Pattern and Zinc Supply
41 Citations1989Brittmarie Sandström
Experimental studies of zinc absorption from composite meals or diets can provide useful information on the relative values of various food combinations as zinc sources.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionThe cause and correction of low blood vitamin C concentrations in the elderly
40 Citations1985HMV Newton, CJ Schorah +3 more
These findings confirm that low concentrations of vitamin C in the institutionalized and chronically sick elderly are primarily due to poor intake and can be easily corrected by dietary changes.
British Journal Of NutritionInfluence of malaria infection on peroxyl-radical trapping capacity in plasma from rural and urban Thai adults
39 Citations1990David I. Thurnham, Ratree Singkamani +2 more
The results suggested that low TRAP values are associated with lipid peroxidation and that vitamin C and possibly retinol may be destroyed by the oxidative conditions present in the plasma in this disease.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionEnergy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in hyperplastic obese women
39 Citations1978Ingrid Warnold, G Carlgren +1 more
With the available methods for determining energy intake and expenditure, it was considered impossible to fully explain the reason for the weight plateau observed after long-term weight reduction in out-patients.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionComparison of the modified relative dose response (MRDR) and the relative dose response (RDR) in the assessment of vitamin A status in malnourished children
38 Citations1995MA Wahed, JO Alvarez +4 more
When apo-RBP concentration is limiting, as it is in malnourished children, didehydroretinol, the analog used in the MRDR test cannot effectively compete with retinol for binding to apo -RBP, and theMRDR test is rendered ineffective.
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