Systematic error on the part of human links in communication systems

This review enumerates twenty-one biases, in two major groups: those found in the duplicatory transmission task and those characteristic of the reductive coding assignment.

Abstract

To the human being considered as a potential link in a communication system are attributed constant errors, or biases, over and above random imperfection of performance. The psychological research literature has been searched for an inventory of recurrent bias tendencies. This review enumerates twenty-one of these, in two major groups: those found in the duplicatory transmission task and those characteristic of the reductive coding assignment.