The asymmetric relationship between attribute-level performance and overall customer satisfaction: a reconsideration of the importance–performance analysis

Abstract

The importance–performance analysis (IPA) is a widely used analytical technique that yields prescriptions for the management of customer satisfaction. IPA is a two-dimensional grid based on customer-perceived importance of quality attributes and attribute performance. Depending on the interplay of these two dimensions, strategies for satisfaction management can be derived. As theoretical and empirical work has shown, the relationship between attribute-level performance and overall satisfaction is asymmetric. These findings call into question the applicability of IPA. In this paper, an empirical study on customer satisfaction with a supplier in the automotive industry was undertaken. Using a regression analysis with dummy variables, the asymmetric relationship between attribute-level performance and overall satisfaction could be confirmed. Furthermore, it is shown empirically that the managerial implications derived from an IPA are misleading. Consequently, the traditional IPA needs to be revised.