Effects of Raloxifene on Serum Lipids and Coagulation Factors in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
JAMAPublished 13 May 1998
Brian W. Walsh
Citations696
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score5.35
SNIP10.71
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Raloxifene favorably alters biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk by decreasing LDL-C, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein(a), and by increasing HDL2-C without raising triglycerides.
Abstract
Raloxifene favorably alters biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk by decreasing LDL-C, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein(a), and by increasing HDL2-C without raising triglycerides. In contrast to HRT, raloxifene had no effect on HDL-C and PAI-1, and a lesser effect on HDL2-C and lipoprotein(a). Further clinical trials are necessary to determine whether these favorable biochemical effects are associated with protection against cardiovascular disease.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
New England Journal of MedicineThe Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Average Cholesterol Levels
7,491 Citations1996Frank M. Sacks, Marc A. Pfeffer +10 more
It is demonstrated that the benefit of cholesterol-lowering therapy extends to the majority of patients with coronary disease who have average cholesterol levels and was also greater in patients with higher pretreatment levels of LDL cholesterol.
JAMAEffects of Estrogen or Estrogen/ Progestin Regimens on Heart Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women
2,319 Citations1995Valery T. Miller
Estrogen alone or in combination with a progestin improves lipoproteins and lowers fibrinogen levels without detectable effects on postchallenge insulin or blood pressure and in women with a uterus, CEE with cyclic MP has the most favorable effect on HDL-C and no excess risk of endometrial hyperplasia.
New England Journal of MedicineEffects of Raloxifene on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Cholesterol Concentrations, and Uterine Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women
1,649 Citations1997Pierre D. Delmas, Nina H. Bjarnason +6 more
Daily therapy with raloxifene increases bone mineral density, lowers serum concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and does not stimulate the endometrium.
New England Journal of MedicineEffects of Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement on the Concentrations and Metabolism of Plasma Lipoproteins
1,162 Citations1991Brian W. Walsh, Isaac Schiff +4 more
New England Journal of MedicineEffects of Tamoxifen on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer
1,138 Citations1992Richard R. Love, Richard B. Mazess +6 more
In postmenopausal women, treatment with tamoxifen is associated with preservation of the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, and whether this favorable effect on bone mineraldensity is accompanied by a decrease in the risk of fractures remains to be determined.
JAMAFibrinogen and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
885 Citations1987William B. Kannel
The impact of fibrinogen value, considered as a separate variable, on cardiovascular disease was comparable with the major risk factors, such as blood pressure, hematocrit, adiposity, cigarette smoking, and diabetes and was significantly related to these risk factors.
American Journal of EpidemiologyTHE USE OF A SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS DIET FOUR YEARS IN THE PAST
799 Citations1988Walter C. Willett, Laura Sampson +5 more
It is demonstrated that useful estimates of nutrient intake several years previously can be obtained by a relatively inexpensive, mailed, self-administered questionnaire.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationRaloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats.
613 Citations1994Larry J. Black, Masahiko Sato +8 more
Raloxifene has promise as an agent with beneficial bone and cardiovascular effects in the absence of significant uterine effects, and ethynyl estradiol diverged dramatically from estrogen in its lack of significant estrogenic effects on uterine tissue.
The LancetRisk of endometrial cancer after tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer
571 Citations1994Flora E. van Leeuwen, Alexandra W. van den Belt‐Dusebout +12 more
The hypothesis that tamoxifen use increases the risk of endometrial cancer is supported, as the oestrogenic effect on the endometrium was not related to the dose intensity.
ScienceIdentification of an Estrogen Response Element Activated by Metabolites of 17β-Estradiol and Raloxifene
429 Citations1996Na Yang, Murali Venugopalan +2 more
The observation that individual estrogens modulate multiple DNA response elements may explain the tissue-selective estrogen agonist or antagonist activity of compounds such as raloxifene.
BMJFatal myocardial infarction in the Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial. The Scottish Breast Cancer Committee.
366 Citations1991C. McDonald, Helen Stewart
Tamoxifen given for at least five years as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer seems to have a cardioprotective oestrogen-like effect in postmenopausal women.
Journal of Bone and Mineral ResearchA controlled trial of raloxifene (LY139481) HCl: Impact on bone turnover and serum lipid profile in healthy postmenopausal women
356 Citations1996Michael W. Draper, David E. Flowers +4 more
Study results indicate that raloxifene may provide beneficial effects to bone and serum lipids in humans without uterine stimulatory effects.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteCardiac and Thromboembolic Morbidity Among Postmenopausal Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer in a Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Tamoxifen
333 Citations1993Lars Erik Rutqvist, Anders Mattsson for the Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group
Thrombosis and HaemostasisDetermination of Human Prothrombin Activation Fragment 1+2 in Plasma with an Antibody against a Synthetic Peptide
280 Citations1991H. Pelzer, A. Schwarz +1 more
It can be supposed that the ELISA developed is a valuable tool for detection of both hypercoagulable as well as hypocoagulables states.
JAMAPatient-Specific Decisions About Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
236 Citations1997Nananda F. Col
The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in reducing the likelihood of developing CHD appears to outweigh the risk of breast cancer for nearly all women in whom this treatment might be considered, and this analysis supports the broader use of hormones replacement therapy.
Drug Information JournalThe Application of the Principle of Intention–to–Treat to the Analysis of Clinical Trials
229 Citations1991Dennis B. Gillings, Gary G. Koch
A chronology of populations of patients eligible for analysis in clinical trials is discussed, and sensitivity analyses are proposed to address dilemmas as to which population of patients is appropriate for the final analysis of the trial.
Thrombosis and HaemostasisCoagulation Activation Following Estrogen Administration to Postmenopausal Women
202 Citations1992Yehezkel Caine, Kenneth A. Bauer +6 more
The data indicate that low doses of oral estrogens (≤1.25 mg per day) frequently increase the amount of thrombin generated in vivo, which may explain the increased thrombotic risk that has been observed with higher doses of this medication.
Clinical ChemistryDetermination of tissue plasminogen activator and its "fast" inhibitor in plasma.
184 Citations1986Joanna Chmielewska, B. Wiman
Efficient, accurate methods for specific determination of tissue plasminogen activator and its "fast" inhibitor in plasma and their accuracy as assessed by analytical recovery of pure t-PA added to blood samples or of partly purified inhibitor added to plasma samples is satisfactory.
Journal of Medicinal ChemistryStructure−Activity Relationships of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Modifications to the 2-Arylbenzothiophene Core of Raloxifene
176 Citations1997Timothy A. Grese, Stephen Cho +16 more
It is demonstrated that the 6-hydroxy and, to a lesser extent, the 4'-hydroxy substituents of raloxifene are important for receptor binding and in vitro activity, and small, highly electronegative 4'-substituents such as hydroxy, fluoro, and chloro are preferred both in vitro and in vivo.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteChemoprevention of Mammary Carcinogenesis in the Rat: Combined Use of Raloxifene and 9-cis-Retinoic Acid
171 Citations1996Mario A. Anzano, Christopher W. Peer +8 more
The combination of 9cRA and raloxifene, which has a high binding affinity for the estrogen receptor and a low level of estrogenic activity and does not promote growth of uterine epithelium, was evaluated for its chemopreventive activity in the well-accepted rat model of breast cancer induced by the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteCoronary Heart Disease Mortality and Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy
152 Citations1997Joseph P. Costantino, James J. Dignam +3 more
The findings of the B-14 trial are consistent with the findings from the Scottish and the Swedish trials, suggesting that tamoxifen treatment reduces coronary heart disease among patients with breast cancer.
Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular BiologyTamoxifen and estrogen lower circulating lipoprotein(a) concentrations in healthy postmenopausal women.
150 Citations1994D. Alan Shewmon, John L. Stock +8 more
Tamoxifen lowers plasma Lp(a) levels in healthy postmenopausal women, the suppressive effects of tamoxIFen and estrogen on circulating Lp (a) concentration diverge after the first month of therapy, and circulating levels of Lp.(a) and IGF-I are strongly correlated with each other, an indication that they may share regulatory influences.
American Journal of EpidemiologyLongitudinal Patterns and Correlates of Hormone Replacement Therapy Use in Middle-aged Women
141 Citations1994Catherine B. Johannes, Sybil L. Crawford +2 more
Discontinuing HRT was inversely associated with surgical and perimenopause and positively related to prior short-term use and health care utilization, while Nonsurgical HRT users had a somewhat more favorable cardiovascular risk profile than did nonusers.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismThe effect of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in normal postmenopausal women.
137 Citations1995Andrew Grey, J P Stapleton +2 more
It is concluded that tamoxifen significantly reduces the levels of atherogenic lipids and fibrinogen in normal postmenopausal women, suggesting that the anti-estrogens may substantially reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, which remains the most common cause of death among post menopausal women.
CirculationRaloxifene Inhibits Aortic Accumulation of Cholesterol in Ovariectomized, Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
134 Citations1997Nina Hannover Bjarnason, Jens Haarbo +3 more
The findings indicate that raloxifene hydrochloride has a potentially important antiatherogenic effect, analogous to that observed with estrogen in this model.
Archives of Internal MedicineEffect of Tamoxifen on Measurements of Hemostasis in Healthy Women
82 Citations1996Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Preliminary findings seem to justify continuation of the double-blind study in healthy women, but only direct comparison of thromboembolic complications in the 2 treatment groups will establish whether tamoxifen carries a risk ofThrombosis.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsHypocholesterolemic Activity of Raloxifene (LY139481): Pharmacological Characterization as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
59 Citations1997Raymond F. Kauffman, William R. Bensch +8 more
The present findings support the classification of raloxifene as a selective estrogen receptor modulator in ovariectomized rats and mediated primarily via partial agonist effects at estrogen receptors.
Thrombosis ResearchA solid phase immuno enzymological assay for the measurement of human fibrinopeptide A
55 Citations1980J. Soria, Claudine Soria +1 more
The value of this technique was investigated in both the diagnosis of suspected venous thrombosis and the release of fpA from abnormal fibrinogen.
Obstetrical & Gynecological SurveyRisk of Endometrial Cancer After Tamoxifen Treatment of Breast Cancer
50 Citations1994Flora E. van Leeuwen, J. Benraadt +11 more
Obstetrical & Gynecological SurveyEffects of Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement on the Concentrations and Metabolism of Plasma Lipoproteins
49 Citations1992Brian W. Walker, Isaac Schiff +4 more
JAMAPatient-specific decisions about hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
48 Citations1997Nananda F. Col
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory MedicineOxidase Determination of Plasma Cholesterol as Cholest-4-En-3-One Using Iso-Octane Extraction
31 Citations1981P. Trinder
The conversion of cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3-one is stoichiometric, and the absorbance of the iso-octane layer is stable for at least 48 hours, and a single determination can be analysed in 1½ hours.
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks3. The Jackknife Estimate of Variance
27 Citations1982Bradley Efron