Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Journal of Biological ChemistryPublished 1 January 1964Open access
Charles C. Richardson, Carl L. Schildkraut, H. Vasken Aposhian, Arthur Kornberg
Citations721
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.71
SNIP1.00
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Abstract
Exonuclease function of DNA polymerase from Escherichia colis, discussing hydrolysis of polydeoxyribonucleotides and resistancy of oligonucleotides
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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11,569 Citations1961Julius Marmur
A method has been described for the isolation of DNA from micro-organisms which yields stable, biologically active, highly polymerized preparations relatively free from protein and RNA, and Representative samples have been characterized for their thermal stability and sedimentation behaviour.
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All types of evidence show that the passage of phage DNA into the cell occurs in non-nutrient medium under conditions in which other known steps in viral growth do not occur.
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763 Citations1958K. E. Van Holde, Robert L. Baldwin
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628 Citations1962Michael J. Chamberlin, Paul Berg
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesPhosphorylation of nucleic acid by an enzyme from T4 bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli.
611 Citations1965C C Richardson
The activating effects of PLP and Fe+++ on these earlier preparations remain unexplained but were partially due to stabilizing effects on the enzyme under the assay conditions then in use, and hence provide no evidence for a role ofPLP in action of the enzyme.
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605 Citations1953G. R. Wyatt, Shira Cohen
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543 Citations1969Thomas M. Jovin, Paul T. Englund +1 more
A new purification procedure for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase yields about 10 mg of homogeneous enzyme per kg of cell paste, with exonuclease III as a by-product, thus minimizing the possibility of enzyme-associated nucleotide material in stoichiometric amounts.
Journal of Molecular BiologyPhysical and chemical characterization of two- and three-stranded adenine-thymine and adenine-uracil homopolymer complexes
537 Citations1966Monica Riley, Barbara Maling +1 more
The DNA homopolymers dA and dT have been prepared enzymically using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase, and their properties have been studied, but the homopolymer pair dA:rU is not stable under any conditions of temperature and salt concentration tested.
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506 Citations1959Robert L. Sinsheimer
It is concluded that the DNA of bacteriophage φX174 is single-stranded, and light scattering studies indicate that this DNA is highly flexible and that its configuration is strongly dependent upon the ionic strength of the solution.
Journal of Molecular BiologyVariation and heterogeneity of base composition of deoxyribonucleic acids: A compilation of old and new data
440 Citations1961Noboru Sueoka
A compilation of the previously accumulated data as well as some new results on the base composition of DNA from various organisms reveals some general features of its variation and heterogeneity.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
417 Citations1970Regis B. Kelly, Nicholas R. Cozzarelli +3 more
Double stranded DNA serves as a template primer for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase when the DNA contains a single strand break (a nick) with a 3'-hydroxyl terminus and the ability of the enzyme to promote hydrolysis and synthesis simultaneously results in the translation of the nick along the DNA duplex in the 5' to 3' direction.
Journal of Biological ChemistryThe Deoxyribonucleases of Escherichia coli
403 Citations1960I Lehman
There are a number of enzymes present in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli which can degrade deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) smaller polynucleotides from it these.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
372 Citations1968Mehran Goulian, Zoltan J. Lucas +1 more
Evidence indicates that the phage polymerase, unlike the E. coli enzyme, is unable to initiate new strands or utilize a fully helical DNA as template.
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362 Citations1956M. Grunberg‐Manago, Priscilla J. Ortiz +1 more
The isolation, partial purification and some properties of polynucleotide phosphorylase of Azotobacter vinelandii are described, which catalyzes the synthesis of highly polymerized ribonucleic acid-like polyn nucleotides from 5′-nucleoside diphosphates with release of orthophosphate.
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Radioactive labeling of the 5'-termini of DNA with polynucleotide kinase has been used in conjunction with treatment by alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli to study single strand breaks (phosphodiester bond interruptions) produced in duplex DNA molecules by the action of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease.
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The stoichiometry, equilibrium, and kinetic properties of a terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase isolated from calf thymus gland are described and Syntheses of polydeoxyadenylate, polyde oxygeninosinate, poly deoxycytidylates, and polydeoxythymidylate in greater than 80% yield are achieved under optimal conditions.
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Binding of triphosphates is inhibited when the concentration of potassium phosphate is increased, and is inhibited, but to a lesser extent, by increasing potassium chloride concentration.
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22 Sidorov, B. P., "Genetics today," in Proc.
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DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli was cleaved by limited proteolytic action into two fragments of 76, 000 and 34, 000 molecular weight, which retains the polymerizing activity and the 3′→5′ nuclease activity present in the native enzyme, but not the 5′→3′ nUClease.
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Hurst and Butler found that certain samples of Russell's viper venom were nearly free of 5-nucleotidase activity, while retaining potent phosphodiesterase action.
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Ionophoretic, diffusion, and dialysis studies of the digest have suggested that the digest of pancreatic desoxyribonuclease contains a complex mixture of polynucleotides of a range of magnitudes.
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The identification of gene 43 as the structural gene for the phage-induced polymerase has been led to the identification of the T4 DNA polymerase.
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148 Citations1964Harold C. Neu, L. A. Heppel
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Journal of Biological ChemistryGlucosylation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Enzymes from Bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli
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A detailed analysis showing four types of hydroxymethylcytosine residues which have the following distribution in these phages is published.
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141 Citations1968Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, R B Kelly +1 more
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130 Citations1955Robert L. Sinsheimer
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Biochemical JournalA method for the determination of nucleotide sequence in polyribonucleotides
126 Citations1954Paul R. Whitfeld
With the aid of both chemical and enzymic methods it has been shown that the constituent nucleosides inRNA are linked together as in I, I.
Journal of Molecular BiologyStudies on the nature of replicating DNA in T4-infected Escherichia coli
125 Citations1966Fred R. Frankel
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123 Citations1952Stephen Zamenhof, George Brawerman +1 more
The isolation of the desoxypentose nucleic acids of three microorganisms, viz.
Journal of Molecular BiologyEnzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid
122 Citations1964Carl L. Schildkraut, Charles C. Richardson +1 more
These and other studies suggest that in the replication of native DNA the new strands are not covalently linked to the primer and that a “multiple hairpin” or “pleated” structure may develop which recovers considerable helicity following denaturing treatments.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
118 Citations1969Murray P. Deutscher, A Kornberg
The degradation of DNA by PPi (pyrophosphorolysis) appears to differ from the PPi exchange reaction in that it is inhibited by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, attains a steady state plateau, and has a lower pH optimum and slower rate.
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative BiologyOn the Role of DNA Polymerase in Base Selection
117 Citations1966Joseph F. Speyer, J.D. Karam +1 more
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesEnzymatic synthesis of DNA, XXIV. Synthesis of infectious phage phi-X174 DNA.
117 Citations1967Mehran Goulian, A Kornberg +1 more
If enzymatic synthesis of infectious bacteriophage DNA were achieved, it would be made clear at once that relatively few, if any, mistakes had been made in replicating a DNA sequence of several thousand nucleotides.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. IV. LINKAGE OF SINGLE DEOXYNUCLEOTIDES TO THE DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE ENDS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
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From a reaction with TP32PP as the only deoxynucleoside tri- phosphate, the sedimentation coefficients were measured at a relatively high concentration in order to achieve significant measurements of radioactivity.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
110 Citations1969Murray P. Deutscher, A Kornberg
The ability of DNA polymerase to recognize and degrade from the 5' terminus as well as the 3' termini of a DNA chain is considered in relation to possible models for DNA replication and to the active center of the enzyme.
Bacteriological ReviewsGROWTH REQUIREMENTS OF BACTERIAL VIRUSES
109 Citations1949Seymour S. Cohen
The problem of the growth requirements of viruses is a far more complex problem than for bacteria, because the environment essential for multiplication of any virus consists of the numerous organized macromolecular components of a living cell.
Journal of Molecular BiologyEnzymic synthesis of DNA
109 Citations1969Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, Regis B. Kelly +1 more
This result suggests the proximity of the 5′ → 3′ exonuclease site to the polymerizing site in the active center of the enzyme, and the influence of a neighboring 3′ hydroxyl terminus, in a nicked region of a DNA duplex, on the rate and character of the5′ →3′ cleavage.
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative BiologyMUTAGENIC ACTION OF MANGANOUS CHLORIDE
103 Citations1951M. Demerec, James W. Hanson
Annual Review of BiochemistryDeoxyribonucleases: Their Relationship to Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis
102 Citations1967I Lehman
Journal of Molecular BiologyThe alkaline transition of BU-containing DNA and its bearing on the replication of DNA
100 Citations1963Robert L. Baldwin, E.M. Shooter
The hybrid was found to melt in the manner expected for a DNA in which the subunits are single strands rather than double helices of the Watson-Crick type, and was followed by the increase in buoyant density, measured at the ambient pH.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
99 Citations1969Paul T. Englund, R B Kelly +1 more
Binding of DNA and d(A-T) oligomers to DNA polymerase was studied by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, suggesting only one binding site for DNA.
Journal of BacteriologySTABILIZATION OF PROTOPLASTS AND SPHEROPLASTS BY SPERMINE AND OTHER POLYAMINES
99 Citations1962Celia White Tabor
Spermine (10(-3)m) or spermidine prevents lysis of lysozyme-produced protoplasts of Escherichia coli W, E. coli B, and Micrococcus lysodeikticus in hypotonic media.
Journal of Biological ChemistryENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE WITH RADIOACTIVE PYROPHOSPHATE
92 Citations1951Arthur Kornberg, W.E. Pricer
Evidence to support a “pyrophosphorylase” action has now been obtained by studies with radioactive PP, and a hypothetical mechanism is one resembling the reversible splitting of polysaccharides, disaccharide, and nucleosides by inorganic orthophosphate.
VirologyDeoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli infected with some deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase-less mutants of bacteriophage T4
91 Citations1966Huber R. Warner, Joanna Barnes
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. V. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ENZYMATICALLY SYNTHESIZED DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
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Na thioglycolate was selected because apophosphorylase a could be readily dissolved at room temperature in solutions of this sulfhydryl compound and repeatedly crystallized in the cold.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesExonuclease VI, a new nuclease activity associated with E. coli DNA polymerase.
89 Citations1968Robert P. Klett, Anthony Cerami +1 more
Actinomycin was removed by phenol extraction following dialysis against Tris-HCl 0.01 M, pH 7.9, and recentrifuged under identical conditions in another gradient of CsCl (average density p = 1.45) in the presence of an excess of actinomycycin.
Journal of Biological ChemistryDeoxycytidine Di- and Triphosphate Cleavage by an Enzyme Formed in Bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli
86 Citations1961Steven B. Zimmerman, Arthur Kornberg
A more detailed account of the specificity, kinetics, and stoichiometry of the cleavage reaction is provided and provides several lines of evidence that a single enzyme specific for the deoxycytidyl residue catalyzes the Cleavage of both deoxyCytidine diand triphosphate.
Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biologyDNA Polymerases from Mammalian Cells
85 Citations1965H.M. Keir
There is a wide variety of mammalian systems available for study and, as these have already yielded much information, the time is propitious for a general appraisal of the existing data together with an attempt to relate them to the observations reported for nonmammalian systems.
Journal of Molecular BiologyStructure and function of cross-linked DNA
82 Citations1964Edmund F. Becker, Burke K. Zimmerman +1 more
Comparison with published data on rates of deamination of cytosine and purines in DNA shows that formation of cross-links is, relative to deamination, a frequent event (approximately 1 cross-link per 4 deaminations at pH 4·15).
Journal of Biological ChemistryEnzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid
80 Citations1969Thomas M. Jovin, Paul T. Englund +1 more
Measurements of release of inorganic pyrophosphate and binding of triph phosphates indicate that the predominant effect of this acylating agent is to cause a marked reduction in the affinity for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate substrates, but concomitant changes in the interaction of the enzyme with polynucleotides are probably also involved.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesTHE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RNA: NEAREST-NEIGHBOR BASE FREQUENCIES
80 Citations1961Samuel B. Weiss, Tokumasa Nakamoto
Preliminary evidence is presented indicating that the relative position of ribonucleotides in enzymatically prepared RNA is determined by the primer used for the reaction, which suggests, but does not prove, that synthesis occurs with replication of the nucleotide sequences of the primer.
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative BiologyStudies on the Replication of DNA by DNA Polymerases
76 Citations1963C C Richardson, Carl L. Schildkraut +1 more
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